基于带材失超状态的匝间绝缘特性实验研究

超导带材的匝间绝缘能力是超导限流器中带材线圈绕制尺寸把握的一个重要依据。本文带材处于电流冲击状态下,通过改变带材通流大小及绝缘带尺寸,对带材匝间绝缘强度进行相关因素研究。实验结果表明,大通流下使带材失超,产生大量气泡,且会使带材表面发生沿面闪络现象,研究发现可通过改变绝缘带宽度或高度来增加匝间爬电距离,以避免该现象发生。     

35kV/90MVA高温超导限流器低温系统

35kV/90MVA高温超导限流器的低温系统是一个开放式的液氮制冷系统,包括一个环形不锈钢杜瓦、真空绝热管、压力及温度传感器、低温阀门以及监控系统.高温超导磁体放置在杜瓦中;监控系统检测杜瓦内液氮的液面,并控制往杜瓦内进行补液.杜瓦内蒸发的氮气通过真空绝热管道直接排放到大气中.分别对不同工况下的液氮蒸发量进行了测量.进...     

真空中激光触发脉冲电压下绝缘材料闪络特性

搭建了真空中脉冲电压下激光触发沿面闪络试验平台,在试验平台上进行常用开关绝缘介质尼龙、聚碳酸酯和Al2O3陶瓷的激光触发沿面闪络特性试验,探讨了真空中激光触发沿面闪络的机理。试验结果表明：聚碳酸酯试品的自闪络电压最高;在真空中脉冲电压下的激光触发沿面闪络试验中,随着激光能量密度的增大,3种材料的时延和抖动均减小;532 nm和1 064 nm波长激光触发的条件下,3种材料的抖动均在1 ns左右,聚碳酸酯抖动较小;532 nm波长激光触发的时延小于1 064 nm波长激光触发的时延。     

真空中激光触发脉冲电压下绝缘材料闪络特性

搭建了真空中脉冲电压下激光触发沿面闪络试验平台,在试验平台上进行常用开关绝缘介质尼龙、聚碳酸酯和Al2O3陶瓷的激光触发沿面闪络特性试验,探讨了真空中激光触发沿面闪络的机理。试验结果表明:聚碳酸酯试品的自闪络电压最高;在真空中脉冲电压下的激光触发沿面闪络试验中,随着激光能量密度的增大,3种材料的时延和抖动均减小;532 nm和1 064 nm波长激光触发的条件下,3种材料的抖动均在1 ns左右,聚碳酸酯抖动较小;532 nm波长激光触发的时延小于1 064 nm波长激光触发的时延。     

磁偏置高温超导限流器监控系统设计

针对磁偏置高温超导限流器并网运行实验要求,设计了具有高压隔离、快速采集及故障录波功能的监控系统.该监控系统采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和数字信号处理器(DSP)双重硬件架构设计模式,其中,FPGA用于快速采集实时数据和快速开关控制;DSP从FPGA获取状态量和模拟量等采集信号,集成超导限流器监控系统核心控制器的快速...     

多脉冲加载下材料的绝缘特性

利用多脉冲实验平台分别对尼龙与交联聚苯乙烯两种绝缘材料在单脉冲与三脉冲两种不同加载条件下的绝缘特性差异进行初步研究,得到了两种绝缘材料在不同加载条件下沿面闪络场强的统计平均值,结合实验现象对所得实验结果做出了初步分析。通过进行单脉冲与三脉冲加载条件下材料沿面闪络场强的对比实验,为新型绝缘器件设计中相关参数的确定提供了实验依据。     

多脉冲加载下材料的绝缘特性

利用多脉冲实验平台分别对尼龙与交联聚苯乙烯两种绝缘材料在单脉冲与三脉冲两种不同加载条件下的绝缘特性差异进行初步研究,得到了两种绝缘材料在不同加载条件下沿面闪络场强的统计平均值,结合实验现象对所得实验结果做出了初步分析。通过进行单脉冲与三脉冲加载条件下材料沿面闪络场强的对比实验,为新型绝缘器件设计中相关参数的确定提供了实验依据。     

百纳秒脉冲下绝缘材料沿面闪络特性

为研究百纳秒脉冲下两种典型的绝缘材料（尼龙和有机玻璃）在气体中的沿面闪络特性,设计了百纳秒脉冲沿面闪络实验平台。通过实验研究了绝缘材料的闪络电压随气体气压、闪络距离、等物理因素的变化规律,实验表明：闪络电压随着气压的增加而增加,但是闪络场强随着闪络间距的增加而降低;在相同条件下,有机玻璃的闪络电压比尼龙高。同时通过沿面闪络实验,得到在百纳秒脉冲下不同气压、不同闪络间距的闪络电压值。     

改进桥路型高温超导限流器的实验研究

本文介绍了单相基本桥型高温超导限流器的基本工作原理,及其参数变化对限流特性的影响.在此基础上研究应用于电力系统中的改进桥路型高温超导故障限流器实验室样机,正常工作情况,在电桥上引入直流偏置电流,不出现限流现象;短路故障情况,整流桥中的直流偏流影响限流效果,在桥路上引入限流电阻,使故障电流限制到预定的范围.研究了该限流器的工作原理,分析限流参数的变化对其限流特性的影响.实验表明,该限流器有很好的限流和重合闸能力,能显著减少暂态及稳态的故障电流。     

电压补偿型超导限流器在三相电网中的故障限流特性

基于电压补偿型超导故障限流器(SFCL)的单相电路结构和工作原理,提出了一种关于电压补偿型超导故障限流器的三相电路结构,并对其在三相电力系统发生不同故障时的运行特性进行了分析。利用Matlab/simulink建立仿真模型,仿真结果表明该电压补偿型SFCL的三相拓扑结构具有一定的可行性,对系统中发生不同短路故障时的短路电流都具有良好的限制作用。     

Structure characteristics of electrical treeing in XLPE insulation under high frequencies

Electrical tree structure is one of the most important influencing factors for electrical treeing characteristics in polymers. In this paper, we focused on the structure characteristics of electrical treeing in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation under high-frequency voltages. The tree structure characteristics include structure distribution characteristics and structure conversion characteristics. The influences of voltage, frequency, and pin-plane spacing on tree structure characteristics were analyzed based on the experimental results. It can be concluded that tree structures regularly change with the local electric field and frequency. The electric field in a very small zone near the needle tip is an important influencing factor for the formation of bush-like trees, and the lowest frequencies for the observed pure-vine-like trees increased with voltage. For double-structure trees, the local electric field at the transition location of the two structures remained almost unchanged with voltage and pin-plane spacing, but obviously increased with frequency. In order to investigate the relations of the growth rate and fractal dimension with tree structure characteristics, a new parameter, the energy threshold W_t, has been introduced and calculated for different tree structures.     

交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料中电树枝的导电特性研究

利用光学显微观察、局部放电测量和共聚焦Raman光谱分析相结合的方法, 研究了交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆绝缘材料中两种典型电树枝的导电特性.尽管具有相似的培养条件, 两种电树枝却呈现出完全不同的形态,其中9 kV下典型电树枝为枝-松枝状, 11 kV下为枝状, 而且电树枝生长及局部放电规律呈现出明显的差异.枝-松枝状电树枝主干通道内存在无序石墨碳的沉积, 根据石墨碳G带与D带的相对强度,估算碳层厚度约为8 nm,树枝通道单位长度电阻小于 10 Ω· μm^-1,足以抑制电树枝内局部放电的发展,电树枝呈现出导电型电树枝特征. 枝状电树枝通道内观察到荧光背景,存在材料劣化的产物,但不存在无序石墨碳的聚集, 通道具有明显的非导电特性而不足以抑制电树枝内局部放电的连续作用. 最后提出了XLPE电缆绝缘材料中导电型和非导电型电树枝的单通道生长模型, 利用等效电路理论对XLPE电缆绝缘材料中两种不同导电特性电树枝的生长机理进行了探讨.     

液氮下绕包绝缘的电性能研究

高温超导电缆具有载流能力大、损耗低和体积小的优点,传输容量将比常规电缆高3~5倍,而电缆本体的焦耳热损耗几乎为零。因而,高温超导电缆相对于常规电缆具有极大的优势,其研制水平也在迅速提高。超导电缆中,其绕包绝缘的性能对于超导电缆稳定运行起着十分重要的作用。随着超导电缆的电压等级的提高,对绝缘的性能要求也随之提升。用PPLP,100HN,100CR,150FCR019绕制绕包绝缘并测试了它们的击穿性场强,并对它们的击穿性能进行对比分析,为超导电缆绝缘的选材和设计提供参考。     

The effect of gamma radiation on the stator insulation of rotating electrical machines

ABSTRACT

The paper examines the influence of γ radiation on the stability of the insulation characteristics of the stator winding of rotating electrical machines. The tested insulation characteristics are loss tangent angle, resistance, polarization factor, threshold voltage of partial discharge, breakdown voltage, coefficient of proportionality and lifetime exponent. The radiation dose was used as the γ radiation parameter. Different winding areas have been specifically tested in which a different impact is expected on technological winding production process. Tests were performed on a representative statistical sample under well-controlled laboratory conditions. The combined measurement uncertainty of the experimental procedure was about 5%.     

Sound insulation characteristics of multi-layer structures with a microperforated panel

Multi-layer structures have issues with sound insulation at low and mid-frequencies due to mass-air-mass resonance. The purpose of this study is to investigate improvements to the sound insulation performance of multi-layer structures using a microperforated panel (MPP), which can absorb well over a wide frequency range. Although MPPs have been investigated over the last several decades, almost all studies have been conducted in terms of sound absorption. Herein the sound transmission loss of multi-layer structures with flexible MPPs of infinite extent is theoretically investigated. The calculation is based on the wave equation and the equation of panel vibration including the effect of perforation of the panel. Additionally to consider a more realistic sound insulation performance, the effect of the directional distribution of the incident energy in a reverberation chamber is taken into account. Experiments are conducted using an acoustic tube to validate the calculated results and the reverberation chamber method to verify the actual sound insulation characteristics. Both experiments agree well with the theoretically calculated perforation effects. Consequently, MMPs are confirmed to improve the deterioration of sound insulation performance due to mass-air-mass resonance of multi-layer structures.     

发展在XLPE电缆绝缘内外侧的电树枝

以XLPE高压电力电缆内外侧绝缘中的电树枝特性为研究对象，通过分析电树枝引发与生长的统计实验规律和采用扫描电子显微镜分析发现，由于不同结晶状态的影响，电缆绝缘内外侧的电树枝特性存在很大的差异.引发于绝缘内侧电树枝引发时间短、生长速度快、电树枝形状具有多样性；起始于绝缘外侧的电树枝不仅引发时间长、生长速度极慢，而且电树枝形状(结构)比较单一.并对这两个位置电树枝的引发和生长机理进行了探讨. 关键词： 电树枝 结晶状态 统计规律 内侧和外侧绝缘层     

Analysis of electrical tree propagation in XLPE power cable insulation

Electrical treeing is one of the major breakdown mechanisms for solid dielectrics subjected to high electrical stress. In this paper, the characteristics of electrical tree growth in XLPE samples have been investigated. XLPE samples are obtained from a commercial XLPE power cable, in which electrical trees have been grown from pin to plane in the frequency range of 4000-10,000 Hz, voltage range of 4-10 kV, and the distances between electrodes of 1 and 2 mm. Images of trees and their growing processes were taken by a CCD camera. The fractal dimensions of electric trees were obtained by using a simple box-counting technique. The results show that the tree growth rate and fractal dimension was bigger when the frequency or voltage was higher, or the distance between electrodes was smaller. Contrary to our expectation, it has been found that when the distance between electrodes changed from 1 to 2 mm, the required voltage of the similar electrical trees decreased only 1or 2 kV. In order to evaluate the difficulties of electrical tree propagation in different conditions, a simple energy threshold analysis method has been proposed. The threshold energy, which presents the minimum energy that a charge carrier in the well at the top of the tree should have to make the tree grow, has been computed considering the length of electrical tree, the fractal dimension, and the growth time. The computed results indicate that when one of the three parameters of voltage, frequency, and local electric field increase, the trends of energy threshold can be split into 3 regions.     

Space charge characteristics in two-layer oil-paper insulation

Space charge is a key insulation problem of HVDC equipment. In this paper, the influence of voltage polarity and electrode material were studied by the pulse electroacoustic (PEA) method. It had been found that the type of space charge accumulating at the interface was the same with the voltage polarity. With different electrode materials, the space charge injection was consequently different, but not evident. The interface made the drift velocity slower in two-layer samples. It suggested that the interface had a significant impact on space charge distribution and the contact state was complex, so a modified Maxwell–Wagner model was proposed.     

氦气状态对超导托卡马克室温绝缘子电性能影响实验研究

为了解不同氦气状态对超导托卡马克室温绝缘子电性能的影响,建造了室温绝缘子氦气状态下电性能测试平台。利用该平台,在静态氦气和氦气流速为0.65g•s^-1状态下进行了室温绝缘子高电压-漏电流实验。实验结果表明,两种氦气状态下室温绝缘子均满足使用要求。