全电离氢等离子体的电导率

主要研究了全电离等离子体的散射相移、传输截面和电导率.相移应用WKB方法计算,且计算结果与使用精确计算方法得到的结果非常一致,证明了所用计算方法的正确性和准确性.在对传输截面的计算中,观察到了形状共振,这种共振是由于半束缚态的消失产生的.电导率的计算应用了Chapman-Enskog方法,并与其它理论和实验结果进行了比较.     

Electrical Conductivity of Noble Gases at High Pressures

We present experimental and theoretical results for the electrical conductivity of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) up to high pressures where a transition from nonmetallic to metallic‐like conductivities occurs. In addition, we show the behavior of the thermal conductivity and thermopower for xenon as an example. The experiments were performed using explosively driven shock waves. Different geometries allow to probe various parameter regions up to several megabars. Besides single‐shock experiments along the principal Hugoniot curve, also multiple‐shock experiments were performed which follow almost an isentrope. The theoretical calculations were performed within a partially ionized plasma model. The composition is determined by solving a system of mass action laws. The transport coefficients are calculated within linear response theory taking into account the relevant scattering mechanisms of electrons at different ion species, atoms, and other electrons. The general trends of the experimental results can be explained within this theoretical approach. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The First Principle Formula of the Relativistic Heat Conductivity of Coulomb Electronic Plasmas

Making use of the relativistic BBGKY technique,the relativistic generalization of Landau collision integral is botained.Furthermore,we calculate the relativistic hydrodynamic modes up to the second order in the hydrodynamic wave number.Combining Resibois‘ method,we present the first principle formula of the relativistic heat conductivity of Coulumb electronic plasmas for low-order corrections.     

人工触发闪电通道的导电特性

用光学多道分析仪(OMA)获得了山东地区人工触发闪电回击过程的发射光谱.与以往的自然闪电光谱相比,除了氮、氧的中性原子及一次电离的离子谱和Hα谱线外,这次人工触发闪电的光谱还记录到了微量元素ArⅠ 602.5 nm及ArⅡ 666.5 nm的谱线.在局部热力学平衡近似下,根据光谱线的相对强度等参量,计算了闪电通道等离子体的温度;利用Hα线的Stark加宽、通过半经验方法获得了闪电通道的电子密度;首次结合等离子体理论得到了闪电通道的电导率,并由此讨论了通道的导电特性,分析了通道电导率与回击电流之间的相关性,为进一步计算回击电流提供了参考数据.结果分析得出:闪电通道是良导体,电子是通道电流的主要载体;一般情况下,人工触发闪电的通道亮度比自然闪电通道大,而通道回击电流小于自然闪电.     

平均场动力学与冷密夸克物质色导率

首先介绍了非Abel输运理论基础,然后在经典非Abel输运理论的基础上引入并评述了平均场动力学.作为应用,研究了有限化学势下冷密夸克物质系统的色动力学并计算出了色导率.最后比较了有限温度和有限化学势下的结果,讨论了其在天体物理领域的潜在价值.     

Thermal Conductivity of Three‐Dimensional Yukawa Liquids (Dusty Plasmas)

An improved method is proposed to investigate the behavior of a Yukawa liquid under the action of an external field strength using computer simulated nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. The thermal conductivity calculations with appropriate normalizations, in the limit of low value field strengths, are estimated over a wide range of the Coulomb coupling and screening strengths. The new simulations provide more reliable data for the thermal conductivity than the previously known results for the Yukawa liquids. The calculations show that the thermal conductivity is dependent on both the Coulomb coupling and screening parameters in the three‐dimensional (3D) Yukawa liquids. The low value field strength simulation data are found to obey the universal and quasiuniversal scaling. It is shown that the homogenous nonequilibrium method can be used to predict the thermal conductivity in Yukawa systems and to understand the fundamental features of 3D dusty plasma liquids (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the Pseudopotential Model of Interacting Particle and Electrical Conductivity of Fully Ionized Plasma

The value of the Coulomb logarithm, as a determining factor in investigations on the kinetic properties of plasma, is calculated on the basis of effective potentials of particle interactions of dense semiclassical plasma. The expression for the electrical conductivity of dense semiclassical nonideal plasma, which is compared with the results of other authors, is calculated using the Coulomb logarithm. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Free‐Electron Gas Spectrum Uniqueness in the Mixture of Noble Gases

Gas mixtures can reach the Maxwell's specter shape in case of low‐ionized mono‐atomic mixtures in the weak electric field. The parameters pertaining to the Maxwell spectrum of free electrons' gas straightforwardly settle on the insulating characteristics of the examined gas mixture at the fundamental level. In this paper, a condition for breakdown has been accomplished taking as a starting point the ionization coefficients derived accordingly, as well as the conditions for breakdown in keeping with the Townsend mechanism. The dc breakdown voltage value of noble gases mixture has been measured in the experimental part of the paper. The hypothesis that the free‐electron gas spectrum is unique in the noble gas mixture and is of Maxwell's type has been verified. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Diffusive Thermal Conductivity of Superfluid Fermi Gas in p-Wave State at Low Temperatures

The diffusive thermal conductivity tensor of p-wave superfluid at low temperatures is calculated by using the Boltzmann equation approach. We use the Sykes and Brooker procedure and show that K xx is equal to K yy and these are related to T-1 , also K zz is proporated to T-3 .     

C语言在测量气体热导率中的应用

用C语言编程来处理气体热导率测量的实验数据,使得数据处理过程更加简洁,结果更加准确.     

土壤含盐量与电导率的高光谱反演精度对比研究

探明土壤盐渍化的高光谱遥感监测机理,对改善高光谱遥感监测精度具有重要意义。以南疆地区温宿县、和田县、拜城县的水稻土为研究对象,通过分析土样的高光谱数据和室内测定的盐分与电导率数据,研究了耕作土壤含盐量与电导率的关系,并比较了含盐量和电导率与不同光谱指标的相关性以及二者高光谱反演的精度。结果表明,南疆水稻土的含盐量与电导率的相关性较低,二者之间的关系因地区差异而有较大的变化;含盐量与反射率、一阶微分、连续统去除之间的相关性要优于电导率,特别在一些土壤盐渍化的敏感波段尤为突出;以含盐量建立的多元线性回归、主成分回归、偏最小二乘回归模型的决定系数和相对分析误差均高于电导率。研究表明高光谱信息对土壤含盐量的响应比电导率更敏感,以含盐量为监测指标的高光谱反演精度明显要优于电导率。该结果可为提高土壤盐渍化高光谱遥感监测精度提供理论依据。     

Diffusive Thermal Conductivity of Superfluid Fermi Gas in p-Wave State at Low Temperatures

The diffusive thermal conductivity tensor of p-wave superfluid at low temperatures is calculated by using the Boltzmann equation approach. We use the Sykes and Brooker procedure and show that K_xx is equal to K_yy and these are related to T^-1, also K_zz is proporated to T^-3.     

The Large Hadron Collider and the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN as tools to Generate Warm Dense Matter and Non–Ideal Plasmas

The largest accelerator in the world, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, has entered into commissioning phase. It is expected that when this impressive machine will become fully operational, it will generate two counter rotating 7 TeV/c proton beams that will be made to collide, leading to an unprecedented luminosity of 10³⁴ cm^–2s^–1. Total energy stored in each LHC beam is about 362 MJ, sufficient to melt 500 kg copper. Safety of operation is a very critical issue when working with such extremely powerful beams. It is important to know the consequences of an accidental release of the beam energy in order to design protection system for the equipment. For this purpose we have carried out extensive numerical simulations of the interaction of one full LHC beam with copper and graphite targets which are materials of practical importance. Our calculations have shown that the LHC protons will penetrate up to about 35 m in solid copper and 10 m in solid graphite. A very interesting outcome of this work is that the impact of the LHC beam on solid matter will generate Warm Dense Matter (WDM) and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (SCP). The beams for the LHC are pre‐accelerated in the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) to 450 GeV/c and transferred to LHC via two beam lines. Several SPS cycles are required to fill the LHC, in one cycle a batch with up to 288 bunches can be accelerated. From the safety point of view it is also very important to study the damage caused to the equipment in case of an accident involving an uncontrolled release of the SPS beam. For this purpose we have also carried out detailed numerical simulations of the impact of the full SPS beam on solid copper and tungsten targets. These simulations have shown that the targets are severely damaged by the beam. It is also interesting to note that also in this case, a large part of the target material is converted into WDM and SCP. This study, therefore, shows that the LHC and the SPS have the potential to be used for studying these important fields of research. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to advance this work by designing dedicated experiments. This work is in progress (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Characterization of Powder Beds by Thermal Conductivity: Effect of Gas Pressure on the Thermal Resistance of Particle Contact Points

The thermal conductivity of ceramic powder packed beds was measured at temperatures below 100 °C for various powder sizes and compositions and under different gas atmospheres. Measurements at low pressures (down to 10 Pa) combined with a theoretical model allowed the elucidation of geometrical and thermal resistance parameters for the contact points between granules. The gap thickness and contact point size were found to be well correlated with the mean particle size. The thermal conductivities of all powders at low pressure were found to differ at most by a factor of two, whereas the solid‐phase conductivities of the powder materials differed by more than one order of magnitude. A theoretical model accounting for the size‐dependence of contact point conductivity is incorporated to rationalize this trend.     

用热线法测定气体热导率的仪器改进

实验用室内温度作为测量室外壁温度t2,经过经验系数修正得到数据来测定空气的热导率误差比较大,现采用在测量室管壁上加装一个温度传感器,以数显温度作为实验中t2的方法来计算气体的热导率。两种方法加以比对,探究相同环境下的两者误差,最后提出实验改进方案。     

Electrical Conductivity Measurement Through the Loaded Q Factor of a Resonant Cavity

We present a method for measuring the electrical conductivity of metallic materials that relies on the ratio of two loaded Q factors, Q_R/Q_X, with Q_R corresponding to a TE₀₁₁-mode reference cavity made of aluminum, and Q_X the Q that results upon replacing the aluminum plate with the one fabricated from the material to be examined. Electrical conductivity is mathematically inferred from the ratio Q_R/Q_X where the loaded Q factors are measured by using the transmission-type method. Within a 3.0 percent accuracy, conductivities determined at 8.7 GHz for electrolytic copper (5.6 times 10⁷ S/m) and brass (1.6 times 10⁷ S/m) show to be in good agreement with those reported in the literature.     

He/C3H8(60/40)气体增益的实验研究

利用正比计数管测量了氦基混合气体He/C3H8(60/40)在55Fe 5.9keV X射线下的气体增益，并对气体增益随高压、温度、气压及气体比分的变化作了研究. 作为比较还对He/CH4(60/40)及Ar/CO2/CH4(89/10/1)混合气体进行了相应的测量.     

光谱法研究闪电通道的导电特性

依据无狭缝光栅摄谱仪在青海获得的云对地闪电回击光谱信息,结合空气等离子体传输理论,用四种不同方法计算了同一闪电放电通道的电导率。结果表明：各种方法所得闪电核心通道的电导率数量级均为104 S·m-1;且同一通道内的电导率随通道高度的增加有减小的趋势;通道内电子与一次、二次电离离子的碰撞以及它们各自的碰撞对通道电导率的贡献不可忽略;用碰撞积分的方法计算闪电核心通道的电导率结果更为合理。在通道电导率的基础上估算了回击通道的放电电流,与辐射峰值电场实验资料所得的相应峰值电流相比,其结果在合理的范围内, 并进一步探讨了温度与电流放电特性的相关性, 为研究闪电放电电流提供了一条可行的途径。     

Matlab软件在热线法测定气体热导率实验中的应用

热线法可以测定气体热导率,以干燥空气为例进行了测量。实验中测量的物理量较多,人工处理数据比较繁琐,且容易出错,因此使用Matlab软件处理数据。把测量的实验数据输入Excel表格中,然后把Excel文件引入到Matlab软件中,运行相关程序后可以直接得到气体的热导率和测量的百分差,处理过程快捷精确。Matlab软件处理数据时,对部分实验数据进行了最小二乘法处理,可以由线性外推法求出ΔQ/Δt。     

Diffusion in the Lorentz Gas

The Lorentz gas, a point particle making mirror-like reflections from an extended collection of scatterers, has been a useful model of deterministic diffusion and related statistical properties for over a century. This survey summarises recent results, including periodic and aperiodic models, finite and infinite horizon, external fields, smooth or polygonal obstacles, and in the Boltzmann-Grad limit. New results are given for several moving particles and for obstacles with flat points. Finally, a variety of applications are presented.