Regioselective dehydroxytrifluoromethylthiolation of allylic and propargylic alcohols with AgSCF3

The reaction of easily available Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) alcohols with AgSCF₃ in the presence of n-Bu₄NI and KI affords primary allylic SCF₃ products in high yields and excellent regioselectivities. This regioselective dehydroxytrifluoromethylthiolation protocol could also be extended to propargylic alcohols for the preparation of the primary propargylic SCF₃ products.     

Studies on the Cu(I)-catalyzed regioselective anti-carbometallation of secondary terminal propargylic alcohols

A highly regioselective Cu(I)-catalyzed anti-carbometallation of secondary terminal propargylic alcohols with 1 degrees alkyl or aryl Grignard reagents affording 2-substituted allylic alcohols was developed. By using this method, optically active allylic alcohols can be prepared from the optically active propargylic alcohols without obvious loss of the enantiopurity. The cyclic organometallic intermediate formed may undergo an iodination or a Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction to afford stereo-defined allylic alcohols.     

Facile coupling of propargylic, allylic and benzylic alcohols with allylsilane and alkynylsilane, and their deoxygenation with Et(3)SiH, catalyzed by Bi(OTf)(3) in [BMIM][BF(4)] ionic liquid (IL), with recycling and reuse of the IL

Allyltrimethylsilane (allyl-TMS) reacts with propargylic alcohols in the presence of 10% Bi(OTf)(3) in [BMIM][BF(4)] solvent to furnish the corresponding 1,5-enynes in respectable isolated yields (87-93%) at room temperature. The utility of Bi(OTf)(3) as a superior catalyst was demonstrated in a survey study on coupling of allyl-TMS with employing several metallic triflates (Bi, Ln, Al, Yb) as well as, B(C(6)F(5))(3), Zn(NTf(2))(2) and Bi(NO(3))(3)·5H(2)O. Coupling of cyclopropyl substituted propargylic alcohol with allyl-TMS gave the skeletally intact 1,5-enyne and a ring opened derivative as a mixture. Coupling of propargylic/allylic alcohol with allyl-TMS resulted in allylation at both benzylic (2 isomers) and propargylic positions, as major and minor products respectively. The scope of this methodology for allylation of a series of allylic and benzylic alcohols was explored. Chemoselective reduction of a host of propargylic, propagylic/allylic, bis-allylic, allylic, and benzylic alcohols with Et(3)SiH was achieved in high yields with short reaction times. The same approach was successfully applied to couple representative propargylic and allylic alcohols with 1-phenyl-2-trimethylsilylacetylene. The recovery and reuse of the ionic liquid (IL) was gauged in a case study with minimal decrease in isolated yields after six cycles.     

Cu(II) 2-quinoxalinol salen catalyzed oxidation of propargylic,benzylic, and allylic alcohols using tert-butyl hydroperoxide in aqueous solutions

The synthesis of carbonyl compounds by oxidation of alcohols is a key reaction in organic synthesis. Such oxidations are typically conducted using catalysts featuring toxic metals and hazardous organic solvents. Considering green and sustainable chemistry, a copper(II) complex of sulfonated 2-quinoxalinol salen (sulfosalqu) has been characterized as an efficient catalyst for the selective oxidation of propargylic, benzylic, and allylic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in water when in combination with the oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The reactions proceed under mild conditions (70 °C in water) to produce yields up to 99% with only 1 mol % of catalyst loading. This reaction constitutes of a rare example of propargylic alcohol oxidation in water, and it makes this process greener by eliminating the use of hazardous organic solvents. Excellent selectivity was achieved with this catalytic protocol for the oxidation of propargylic, benzylic, and allylic alcohols over aliphatic alcohols. The alcohol oxidation is thought to go through a radical pathway.     

The propargylic route as efficient entry to monofluoro and gem-difluoro compounds: mechanistic considerations

The dehydroxy-fluorination of propargylic alcohols occurs with a complete regiocontrol and a good to complete stereocontrol, in contrast to the reactions performed on allylic alcohols. The gem-difluorination of propargylic ketones occurs smoothly in contrast to enones which have a very low reactivity towards DAST or Deoxo-fluor™. It is proposed that the large differences in the stabilization energies of the key carbonium ion intermediates (either propargylic or allylic) could explain these strong differences in reactivity during nucleophilic fluorination. The calculations of isodesmic reactions are in full agreement with this proposal.     

A novel acid-catalyzed C5-alkylation of oxindoles using alcohols

A novel C5-alkylation of oxindoles using alcohols as alkylating agents under acid catalysis is described for the first time. The reactions of various benzylic, allylic and propargylic alcohols are studied to obtain the corresponding 5-substituted oxindoles in good yields.     

Atom‐Efficient Gold(I)‐Chloride‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Sulfenylated Carbonyl Compounds from Propargylic Alcohols and Aryl Thiols: Substrate Scope and Experimental and Theoretical Mechanistic Investigation

Gold(I)‐chloride‐catalyzed synthesis of α‐sulfenylated carbonyl compounds from propargylic alcohols and aryl thiols showed a wide substrate scope with respect to both propargylic alcohols and aryl thiols. Primary and secondary aromatic propargylic alcohols generated α‐sulfenylated aldehydes and ketones in 60–97 % yield. Secondary aliphatic propargylic alcohols generated α‐sulfenylated ketones in yields of 47–71 %. Different gold sources and ligand effects were studied, and it was shown that gold(I) chloride gave the highest product yields. Experimental and theoretical studies demonstrated that the reaction proceeds in two separate steps. A sulfenylated allylic alcohol, generated by initial regioselective attack of the aryl thiol on the triple bond of the propargylic alcohol, was isolated, evaluated, and found to be an intermediate in the reaction. Deuterium labeling experiments showed that the protons from the propargylic alcohol and aryl thiol were transferred to the 3‐position, and that the hydride from the alcohol was transferred to the 2‐position of the product. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the observed regioselectivity of the aryl thiol attack towards the 2‐position of propargylic alcohol was determined by a low‐energy, five‐membered cyclic protodeauration transition state instead of the strained, four‐membered cyclic transition state found for attack at the 3‐position. Experimental data and DFT calculations supported that the second step of the reaction is initiated by protonation of the double bond of the sulfenylated allylic alcohol with a proton donor coordinated to gold(I) chloride. This in turn allows for a 1,2‐hydride shift, generating the final product of the reaction.     

Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of Z-vinylic tellurides from propargylic alcohols: a route to chiral Z-enynes

tert-Butyldimethylsilyl ethers of propargylic alcohols are hydrotellurated regioselectively to give 1,2-Z-vinylic tellurides. Enantiomerically pure propargylic alcohols give enantiomerically pure vinylic tellurides, which are coupled with alkynes under Pd catalysis to give enantiomerically pure allylic enynols.     

Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols and Derivatives and their Applications in Organic Synthesis

Allylic alcohols represent an important and highly versatile class of chiral building blocks for organic synthesis. This Review summarizes the plethora of methods developed for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched allylic alcohols. These include: dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR/DKAT), nucleophilic 1,2‐addition to carbonyl groups, allylic substitution, oxidation of C? H bonds, the addition of O nucleophiles to π systems, reduction of unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and an alternative route from enantioenriched propargylic alcohols. Furthermore, these catalytic asymmetric processes are exemplified by their applications in the syntheses of complex molecules such as natural products and potential therapeutic agents.     

Synthesis of 3-trifluoroethylfurans by palladium-catalyzed cyclization-isomerization of (Z)-2-alkynyl-3-trifluoromethyl allylic alcohols

Hydroiodonation of trifluoromethyl propargylic alcohols 1 regio- and stereoselectively produce (Z)-2-iodo-3-trifluoromethyl allylic alcohols 2. (Z)-2-Alkynyl-3-trifluoromethyl allylic alcohols 5, available through Pd(PPh3)4-mediated coupling of 2 and terminal alkynes 4, cyclize and subsequently isomerize to 3-trifluoroethylfurans 6 upon catalysis under PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in THF at 5-10 degrees C.     

Direct Substitution of the Hydroxy Group at the Allylic/propargylic Position with Carbon‐ and Heteroatom‐ centered Nucleophiles Catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3

发展了一个高效、高选择性Yb(OTf)₃催化的直接取代烯丙醇以及炔丙醇中的羟基的反应。亲核试剂可以是如醇,硫醇,胺以及活性亚甲基化合物等含碳以及杂原子中心的试剂。当前催化体系的有利条件在于广泛可用的开始原料,不需要干燥的溶剂以及添加剂,温和的反应条件,简单的操作以及环境友好,特别对于硫醇类化合物仍具有较好的催化效果。当前的催化剂再回收使用至少10次仍具有较高的催化活性。     

Transition‐Metal‐Free Borylation of Allylic and Propargylic Alcohols

The base‐catalyzed allylic borylation of tertiary allylic alcohols allows the synthesis of 1,1‐disubstituted allyl boronates, in moderate to high yield. The unexpected tandem performance of the Lewis acid–base adduct, [Hbase]⁺[MeO‐B₂pin₂]^? favored the formation of 1,2,3‐triborylated species from the tertiary allylic alcohols and 1‐propargylic cyclohexanol at 90 °C.     

Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-2-Arylsulfanyl allylic alcohols using anhydrous CeCl3 as catalyst under solvent free conditions

Anhydrous CeCl₃ was successfully employed as catalyst for the synthesis of (Z)-2-Arylsulfanyl allylic alcohols from propargylic alcohols and thiols under solvent free conditions. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields.     

Substitution of hydroxyl groups with alkynyl moieties using alkynylboron dihalides: an efficient approach to secondary alkylacetylene derivatives

[STRUCTURE: SEE TEXT] The reaction of alkynylboron dihalides with benzylic, allylic, and propargylic alcohols provides an efficient route to internal acetylenes. Isomerization of the product alkynes does not occur under the reaction conditions.     

Tandem oxidation of allylic and benzylic alcohols to esters catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes

N-heterocyclic carbenes catalyze the oxidation of allylic, propargylic, and benzylic alcohols to esters with manganese(IV) oxide in excellent yields. A variety of ester derivatives can be synthesized, including protected carboxylates. This one-pot tandem oxidation represents the first organocatalytic oxidation of alcohols to esters. Saturated esters can also be accessed from aldehydes using this method. Through the utilization of a chiral catalyst, the acyl-heteroazolium intermediate becomes a chiral acylating agent, which can desymmetrize meso-1,2-diols. [reaction: see text].     

Efficient and selective Al-catalyzed alcohol oxidation via Oppenauer chemistry

A highly active and selective Al-based catalytic Oppenauer (O) oxidation is reported. Quantitative and selective oxidations of a variety of benzylic, propargylic, allylic, and aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols were achieved using nitrobenzaldehyde derivatives as the oxidant and simple aluminum compounds as precatalysts.     

Synthesis of new optically active propargylic fluorides and application to the enantioselective synthesis of monofluorinated analogues of fatty acid metabolites

A new approach to obtain optically active unsaturated or polyunsaturated systems with a single fluorine atom in an allylic or propargylic position is reported. Central to this strategy is the high regio- and stereocontrol observed during the fluorination of propargylic alcohols allowing a short and efficient synthesis of 1. Further, simple functional group transformations gave the enals 2 and 3. These three key intermediates were used for the preparation of optically active monofluorinated analogues of fatty acid metabolites.     

Direct substitution of hydroxy group of π-activated alcohols with electron-deficient amines using Re2O7 catalyst

The first example of simple Re(2)O(7)-catalyzed direct dehydrative coupling between allylic alcohols with electron-deficient amines has been achieved under mild and open flask conditions. The protocol has also been successfully applied to benzylic and propargylic alcohols. The mechanistic proof for the S(N)1-type process has also been provided.     

Regio- and stereoselective syntheses of piperidine derivatives via ruthenium-catalyzed coupling of propargylic amides and allylic alcohols

Intermolecular selective coupling of linear allylic alcohols and propargylic amides occurs in the presence of a catalytic amount of the cationic ruthenium complex [Cp*Ru(NCCH(3))(3)]PF(6) followed by condensation to generate six-membered cyclic enamides or hemiaminal ethers with water as the only side product.     

Synthesis of quinazoline based chiral ligands and application in the enantioselective addition of phenylacetylene to aldehydes

Five novel 4-phenylquinazolinols were synthesised in three steps. Their application as ligands in the titanium tetraisopropoxide promoted catalytic enantioselective addition of phenylacetylene to a variety of aldehydes gave propargylic alcohols. Under the optimised reaction conditions, the best enantioselectivity was obtained using l-lactic acid derived 4-phenylquinazolinol and apart from the cyclohexylcarbaldehyde derivative, 16 propargylic alcohols were then synthesised in moderate to excellent enantiomeric excess from 53% to 97%.