The Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity and Antibacterial Performance of Ag/AgBr/TiO2 Immobilized on Activated Carbon

Visible‐light‐driven Ag/AgBr/TiO₂/activated carbon (AC) composite was prepared by solgel method coupled with photoreduction method. For comparison, TiO₂, TiO₂/AC, and Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ were also synthesized. Their characteristics were analyzed by XRD, SEM‐EDS, TG‐DSC and UV–vis techniques. Photocatalytic activity and antibacterial performance under visible‐light irradiation were investigated by ICP‐AES, ATR‐FT‐IR and spectrophotometry methods using methylene blue and Escherichia coli as target systems, respectively. The results showed that Ag/AgBr was successfully deposited on anatase TiO₂/AC surface, and exhibited a distinct light absorption in the visible region. Ag/AgBr/TiO₂/AC displayed excellent antibacterial performance both in dark and under visible‐light illumination. The growth of E. coli cell was inhibited in the presence of Ag/AgBr/TiO₂/AC in dark. Moreover, upon visible‐light illumination, a significant damage of cell membrane was noticed. Ag/AgBr/TiO₂/AC was also shown higher photocatalytic efficiency for methylene blue degradation than those of TiO₂, TiO₂/AC, and Ag/AgBr/TiO₂. This is attributed to the synergetic effect between AC and Ag/AgBr/TiO₂, of which AC acts as the role of increasing reaction areas, continuous enriching, and transferring the adsorbed MB molecules to the surface of supported photocatalysts, and the Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ acts as a highly active photocatalyst for degrading MB molecules under visible‐light irradiation.     

One-step synthesis of nanocrystalline N-doped TiO2 powders and their photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation

Nanocrystalline N-doped TiO₂ powders were successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction for 2 h at low temperature (120 °C) and at an applied pressure of 3 MPa. The grain size of the powders (calculated by use of Scherrer’s method) ranged from 8.2 to 10.2 nm. The BET specific surface area ranged from 151.0 to 220.0 m²/g. A significant shift of the light absorption edge toward the visible light zone was observed in the UV–visible spectra. XPS results showed that nitrogen atoms were incorporated into the TiO₂ lattice. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized N-doped TiO₂ powders was evaluated by measurement of photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The amount of MB degraded increased with increasing illumination intensity.     

Efficient and Robust Cu/TiO2 Nanorod Photocatalysts for Simultaneous Removal of Cr(VI) and Methylene Blue under Solar Light

Because of its large bandgap, TiO₂ can function only under UV light. TiO₂ surface modification with noble metal nanoparticles can extend the light absorption from UV to visible light region and enhance the photocatalytic quantum yield. In this work, TiO₂ nanorods (Cu/TiO₂) modified by copper nanoparticles were prepared by a one‐step solvothermal method at low cost. The resultant Cu/TiO₂ nanorods show excellent synergistic effect in the oxidation of methylene blue (MB) and the reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) under solar light irradiation. Mechanistic investigation suggests that the Cr(VI) species could effectively scavenge the electrons from MB in the presence of the as‐prepared photocatalyst, leading to the simultaneous removal of both pollutants. Being economically viable, environmentally sustainable, and highly efficient, the proposed photocatalyst holds promise for technologies involving simultaneous organic degradation and heavy metal removal in wastewater treatment.     

Effect of carbon content on photocatalytic activity of C/TiO2 composite

A series of carbon-covered titania (CCT) were prepared via pyrolysis of sucrose highly dispersed on titania surface in flowing N₂. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET, DTA-TG, UV—Vis, and their photocatalytic properties were evaluated with two model pollutants, methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB), at room temperature. The effect of carbon content on photocatalytic activity of the C/TiO₂ composite was investigated. It was found that the effect of carbon content is different for different pollutants or different light sources. For three tested samples, under UV illumination CCT01 has the highest activity for MB photocatalytic degradation, while in the case of RB, CCT02 is the most active photocatalyst. Under visible light illumination, CCT005 has the highest activity for both MB and RB photocatalytic degradation. Translated from Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2006, 27(1): (in Chinese)     

Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur and its Photocatalytic Appraisal for Degradation of Phenol and Methylene Blue

The degradation of organic dyes in the presence of modified TiO₂ is still under intensive investigation. We report here an evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of nitrogen‐ (N‐) and sulfur‐ (S‐) doped TiO₂ for the degradation of phenol and methylene blue (MB). N‐doped TiO₂ (N–TiO₂), S‐doped TiO₂ (S–TiO₂), and N–S‐doped TiO₂ (N–S–TiO₂) were prepared using the sol–gel method. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated in a batch reactor using phenol and MB as models of pollutants. In addition, this investigation was performed using a household lamp as the visible light source. Properties of the synthesized materials in terms of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photocatalytic ability were examined. Our study shows that N–S–TiO₂ exhibits better photocatalytic degradation ability for all the considered dyes compared to the other doped TiO₂ materials. In conclusion, we have successfully prepared and evaluated the photocatalytic activity of N‐ and S‐doped TiO₂ for the degradation of phenol and MB using an ordinary household lamp.     

Characterization, activity and mechanisms of a visible light driven photocatalyst: Manganese and iron co-modified TiO2 nanoparticles

An attempt was made to prepare Mn,Fe-codoped nanostructured TiO₂ photocatalyst for visible light assisted degradation of an azo dye (methylene blue) in aqueous solutions by a sol-gel process. The asprepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) techniques. The photocatalytic activity of Mn,Fe-codoped TiO₂ catalyst was evaluated by measuring degradation rates of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The results showed that doping with the manganese and iron ions significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity for MB degradation under visible light irradiation. This was ascribed to the fact that a small amount of manganese and iron dopants simultaneously increased MB adsorption capacity and separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs. The results of DRS showed that Mn,Fe-codoped TiO₂ had significant absorption between 400 and 500 nm, which increased with the increase of manganese ion content. It is found that the stronger the PL intensity, the higher the photocatalytic activity. This could be explained by the points that PL spectra mainly resulted from surface oxygen vacancies and defects during the process of PL, while surface oxygen vacancies and defects could be favorable in capturing the photoinduced electrons during the process of photocatalytic reactions, so that the recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes could be effectively inhibited.     

Synthesis and Study of Plasmon‐Induced Carrier Behavior at Ag/TiO2 Nanowires

Nanocomposites of Ag/TiO₂ nanowires with enhanced photoelectrochemical performance have been prepared by a facile solvothermal synthesis of TiO₂ nanowires and subsequent photoreduction of Ag⁺ ions to Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the TiO₂ nanowires. The as‐prepared nanocomposites exhibited significantly improved cathodic photocurrent responses under visible‐light illumination, which is attributed to the local electric field enhancement of plasmon resonance effect near the TiO₂ surface rather than by the direct transfer of charge between the two materials. The visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic performance of these nanocomposites in the degradation of methylene blue dye was also studied, and the observed improvement in photocatalytic activity is associated with the extended light absorption range and efficient charge separation due to surface plasmon resonance effect of AgNPs.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ni doped TiO2 nanowire–nanoparticle hetero–structured films prepared by hydrothermal and sol–gel methods

TiO₂ nanowire-nanoparticle hetero-structured films were prepared via a sol–gel method and coated on glass substrates by dipping method for photocatalytic activity. In this study 0, 1, 3, and 5 mol% of Ni doped were studied. One-dimensional TiO₂ nanowires (NWs) were prepared by hydrothermal treatment with TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) which are commercially available. XRD, FESEM, DRS, and XPS were used to characterize the prepared nanowire-nanoparticle hetero-structures films. 3%Ni doped TiO₂ hetero-structured film (TNi3) had the highest photocatalytic activity on the degradation of methylene blue (MB). TNi3 films provided about 4.3 times of degradation rate compared to undoped TiO₂ (T). It revealed that TNi3 film resulted in shifting the absorption wavelength towards narrowing the energy band gap and small crystallite size. Therefore, the TNi3 film exhibited a photocatalytic activity on the degradation of MB under visible light irradiation greater than undoped film.     

生物质C-N-P自掺杂TiO_2的合成及其对亚甲基兰的光催化降解活性

采用溶胶-超声辐照技术同步合成了生物质C-N-P自掺杂TiO_2复合催化剂,通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)及光致发光光谱(PL)对样品进行了表征.以亚甲基兰(MB)为目标污染物,研究了C-N-P共掺杂TiO_2的可见光光催化性能.实验结果表明,在可见光照射下,光催化反应时间为2 h时,C-N-P共掺杂TiO_2复合催化剂对亚甲基兰的降解效率最高可达9 8.5%;相比纯TiO_2,C-N-P共掺杂TiO_2复合催化剂的比表面积增大,吸收边带红移,禁带宽度减小,相变温度升高,光生载流子复合率降低.     

Chiral Carbonaceous Nanotubes Modified with Titania Nanocrystals: Plasmon‐Free and Recyclable SERS Sensitivity

Chiral carbonaceous nanotubes (CNT) were successfully used in plasmon‐free surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the first time. Further modification of TiO₂ nanocrystals on the chiral CNTs successfully realized the recycling of SERS substrate as chiral CNT/TiO₂ hybrids. The high SERS sensitivity of methylene blue (MB) over the chiral CNT/TiO₂ hybrids is ascribed to the laser‐driven birefringence induced by the helical structure, which provides much more opportunities for the occurrence of Raman scattering. The TiO₂ nanocrystals highly dispersed on the surface and inside the hollow cavity of chiral CNTs can completely degrade the MB under the solar light irradiation, leading to the self‐cleaning of SERS substrate. The present research opens a new way for the application of chiral inorganic materials in plasmon‐free SERS detection.     

Tuning the properties of a black TiO2-Ag visible light photocatalyst produced by a rapid one-pot chemical reduction

A highly efficient black TiO₂-Ag photocatalytic nanocomposite, active under both UV and visible light illumination, was synthesized by decorating the surface of 25 nm TiO₂ particles with Ag nanoparticles. The material was obtained via a rapid, one-pot, simple (surfactant and complexing agent free) chemical reduction method using silver nitrate and formaldehyde as a metal salt and reducing agent, respectively. The nanocomposite shows an increase of over 800% in the rate of photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation, compared to commercial unmodified TiO_2, under UV-VIS illumination. Unlike pure TiO₂, the nanocomposite exhibits visible light activation, with a corresponding drop in optical reflectance from 100% to less than 10%. The photocatalytic properties were shown to be strongly enhanced by post-reduction annealing heat treatments in air, which were observed to decrease, rather than coarsen, silver particle size, and increase particle distribution. This, accompanied by a variation in the silver surface oxidation states, appear to dramatically affect the photocatalytic efficiency under both UV and visible light. This highly active photocatalyst could have wide ranging applications in water and air pollution remediation and solar fuel production.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

溶剂热法制备Ag/TiO2纳米材料及其光催化性能

以乙醇为溶剂, 钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 用溶剂热法制备了Ag表面修饰的负载型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征, 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了不同Ag含量样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: 用溶剂热法制备的样品中TiO₂皆为锐钛矿相, 金属Ag颗粒沉积在TiO₂表面, 粒径为2 nm左右, 比表面积较溶胶凝胶法制备的样品大大增加, 最高可达151.44 m²·g^-1; UV-Vis光谱和光催化实验表明: Ag修饰使TiO₂对光的吸收能力大大增强, 吸收带边红移至可见光区, 亚甲基蓝在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学模型; 溶剂热法制备样品的光催化性能明显好于溶胶凝胶法制备的样品, 在紫外光和可见光下, Ag摩尔分数为5%的样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.