聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/L-谷氨酸协同作用下碳酸钙微球的设计与合成

通过CO₂缓慢扩散,在聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSSS)/L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)二元体系中,与富集在有机/无机界面钙离子相结合,合成碳酸钙微球。本文系统地研究了室温下各种因素对碳酸钙晶体形貌和晶型的影响。实验表明,pH值、表面活性剂和PSSS/L-Glu的浓度比起着重要作用。通过改变实验条件,除了得到主要的球形晶体外,我们还得到了矩形、立方体形和饼形等。取向聚积机理解释了微球的形成,PSSS和L-Glu间的协同作用在晶体化过程中起着重     

Promotion on Nucleation and Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals by Injured African Green Monkey Renal Epithelial Cells

The purpose of this work was to detect the properties of African green monkey renal epithelial cells (Vero) after oxidative injury and to study the mediation of the injured Vero on aggregation and formation of calcium oxalate crystals. This injury model was induced by 0.15 mmol/L H₂O₂ according to the pretest evaluation. The results suggested that H₂O₂ could injure Vero significantly and decrease cell viability in a time‐dependent manner for exposure time of 0.5–2 h. After cell injury, the indexes connected with oxidative injury changed. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and osteopontin (OPN) expression increased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) level decreased. It resulted in the increase of both the amount of CaOxa crystals and the degree of crystal aggregation on the injured cells. This work indicated that injured cells promoted the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals, thus increased the risk of formation of urinary stone.     

Lattice Shrinkage by Incorporation of Recombinant Starmaker-Like Protein within Bioinspired Calcium Carbonate Crystals

The biological mediation of mineral formation (biomineralization) is realized through diverse organic macromolecules that guide this process in a spatial and temporal manner. Although the role of these molecules in biomineralization is being gradually revealed, the molecular basis of their regulatory function is still poorly understood. In this study, the incorporation and distribution of the model intrinsically disordered starmaker-like (Stm-l) protein, which is active in fish otoliths biomineralization, within calcium carbonate crystals, is revealed. Stm-l promotes crystal nucleation and anisotropic tailoring of crystal morphology. Intracrystalline incorporation of Stm-l protein unexpectedly results in shrinkage (and not expansion, as commonly described in biomineral and bioinspired crystals) of the crystal lattice volume, which is described herein, for the first time, for bioinspired mineralization. A ring pattern was observed in crystals grown for 48 h; this was composed of a protein-enriched region flanked by protein-depleted regions. It can be explained as a result of the Ostwald-like ripening process and intrinsic properties of Stm-l, and bears some analogy to the daily growth layers of the otolith.     

Synthesis of single-crystalline platinum nanorods within a soft crystalline surfactant-Pt(II) complex.

Single-crystalline platinum nanorods, monodisperse in diameter, are synthesized through a simple process at room temperature, in cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solution. The complexation of the CTA+ surfactant ion with tetrachloroplatinate in the presence of hexanol leads to the formation of a precipitate with a lamellar crystalline structure. The reduction of Pt(II) metal ions to Pt(0) is carried out using gamma radiolysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the nanoparticles extracted from the solution, three weeks after radiolysis, revealed single-crystalline Pt nanorods, monodisperse in diameter (3-4 nm) and 20-60 nm long. By following the shape of the nanorods at various stages of the growth, it was found that the single-crystalline nanorods grow by coalescence of spherical seeds 3-4 nm in diameter. This suggests an aggregative mechanism similar to that recently observed for silver particles in solution.     

二维凝胶体系中碳酸钙分形结构的形成与机理研究

本文研究了二维琼脂凝胶圆盘体系中碳酸钙分形结构的形成过程,发现随着反应时间的增加,碳酸钙的形态经过了细小颗粒-枝晶结构-分形结构的转变过程,该分形结构实际上是由纳微米级碳酸钙晶粒聚集而成的。增加琼脂和反应物的浓度,碳酸钙微晶的形貌和尺寸发生了变化,呈现立方体与球形,由其构成的分形结构的尺寸也随着改变,但碳酸钙的晶型均为方解石型,无明显变化。二维凝胶体系中碳酸钙分形结构的形成主要与琼脂极性基团提供成核位点、多糖的网络结构、沉淀剂离子扩散受限有关。     

超细碳酸钙的结晶过程及不同形貌超细碳酸钙的合成

在不加添加剂的条件下 ,对超细碳酸钙CaCO3的结晶过程进行了研究。结果表明 :CaCO3的结晶过程是先形成线束状物 ,随着碳化反应的继续 ,线束状物断裂 ,最后得到粒径为 4 0～ 70nm的立方颗粒。通过加入添加剂 ,分别合成了短链状和棒状CaCO3,并且对它们的形成机理进行了分析。     

Understanding the formation and evolution of ceria nanoparticles under hydrothermal conditions

Supercritical growth: The formation and evolution of ceria nanoparticles during hydrothermal synthesis was investigated by in?situ total scattering and powder diffraction. The nucleation of pristine crystalline ceria nanoparticles originated from previously unknown cerium dimer complexes. The nanoparticle growth was highly accelerated under supercritical conditions.     

A Robust Microfluidic Device for the Synthesis and Crystal Growth of Organometallic Polymers with Highly Organized Structures

A simple and robust microfluidic device was developed to synthesize organometallic polymers with highly organized structures. The device is compatible with organic solvents. Reactants are loaded into pairs of reservoirs connected by a 15 cm long microchannel prefilled with solvents, thus allowing long‐term counter diffusion for self‐assembly of organometallic polymers. The process can be monitored, and the resulting crystalline polymers are harvested without damage. The device was used to synthesize three insoluble silver acetylides as single crystals of X‐ray diffraction quality. Importantly, for the first time, the single‐crystal structure of silver phenylacetylide was determined. The reported approach may have wide applications, such as crystallization of membrane proteins, synthesis and crystal growth of organic, inorganic, and polymeric coordination compounds, whose single crystals cannot be obtained using traditional methods.     

以碳酸钙为模板制备不同形貌的SiO_2中空粒子

以粒径1μm左右的球形和斜方碳酸钙为模板,制备了不同形貌的SiO2中空粒子。通过SEM,TEM,XRD,BET,TGA等对模板和中空粒子的结构和性能进行了表征,对包覆机理进行了探讨。结果表明:由于碳酸钙对壳层具有良好的物理支撑作用和化学亲和作用,SiO2中空粒子不仅结构完整,孔径分布良好,而且准确地复制了模板表面的细微结构。该方法操作简便,成本低廉,适合于工业化生产。     

纳米碳酸钙的生产和用途

碳酸钙是自然界广泛存在的一种很普通的非金属材料,也是一种传统的无机盐化工产品。近年来,随着碳酸钙的超细化及表面改性技术的发展,纳米碳酸钙制备技术及应用,已成为国内外竞相开发的研究热点。本文就有关纳米碳酸钙的主要生产技术及其应用领域作一简介。     

蔗糖/精氨酸体系中碳酸钙结晶的仿生合成

该文以更加接近生物矿化的方法研究了蔗糖/精氨酸体系对碳酸钙晶体取向、形貌和晶型的控制作用.XRD 分析表明,在蔗糖/L-精氨酸混合体系中合成的晶体主要为碳酸钙的球霰石晶型及少量的方解石型,在单独的蔗糖或L-精氨酸溶液中基本是球霰石晶型.SEM分析表明,蔗糖和L-精氨酸均可诱导形成特殊形貌的碳酸钙.实验结果表明,蔗糖/精...     

The Synthesis and Crystal Structure of NpSe3

Neptunium triselenide, NpSe₃, was synthesized in high yield by the reaction of the elements in a Sb₂Se₃ flux at 1223 K. Its structure has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Thecompound crystallizes with two formula units in space group C$\rm^{2}_{2h}$ –P2₁/mof the monoclinic system in the TiS₃ structure type with cell constants at 100 K of a = 5.592(3) Å, b = 4.002(2) Å, c = 9.422(5) Å,β = 97.40(1) °. The asymmetric unit comprises one neptunium and three selenium atoms, each with site symmetry m. Np–Se interatomic distances range from 2.859(2) to 2.927(3) Å; the Se–Se bond length of 2.340(3) Å is typical of a single bond. The compound may thus be charge‐balanced and formulated as Np⁴⁺Se^2–Se₂^2–.     

碳酸钙晶须填充材料的合成及应用展望

对目前制备碳酸钙晶须的碳酸化法、复分解反应法、尿素水解法、碳酸氢钙加热分解法和超重力反应结晶法进行了分析和评述。结合作者对碳酸钙晶须的研究结果,指出了当前制备研究中存在的不足,采用作者的制备工艺能将反应物浓度大大提高,且得到的晶须品质好,长径比高。此外,文章还介绍了碳酸钙晶须在塑料等领域的应用。