蒎烷在常压下热异构化反应的研究

本文报道了蒎烷在高温下进行热异构化反应的研究。文中以微型反应器考察了在不同的温度、不同原料输送速度等条件对转化率和选择性的影响。还讨论了热异构化的产物和反应机理。     

蒎烯常压气相催化加氢制蒎烷的研究

利用固定床连续反应装置 ,研究了催化剂对蒎烯在常压气相加氢制蒎烷的催化性能 ,通过大量的筛选 ,得到一种高效催化剂。考察了反应条件对催化性能的影响。     

从α蒎烯一锅合成萜类四氢呋喃衍生物

从α－蒎烯出发，通过臭氧化，硼氢化钠还原剂随后用硫酸处理的一锅法，合成了一个新的萜类四氢呋喃衍生物－２，２－二甲基－３－（反－２－丁烯基）－四氢呋喃３，总收率５５．６％，将α－蒎烯（７８，５１ｍｍｏｌ）的１５０ｍＬ异丙醇溶液冷至－２℃，鼓泡通入含５～６％臭氧的氧气至过量的臭氧从溶液中逸出时止，再通Ｎ２１０ｍｉｎ。于０℃将上述溶液滴加至１００ｍＬ含硼氢化钠（２．５４ｇ，６５ｍｍｏｌ）和氢氧化钠（０．     

α—蒎烯光敏异构化的研究

α-蒎烯在常温、常压、液相条件下,在光敏剂溶剂中受紫外光照射,开环异构为罗勒烯.在这个光敏异构化反应过程中获得单一的产物—顺式和反式罗勒烯,经分馏后产物纯度达99.3%(折光率n_D~(25)=1.4870,比重D~(25)=0.7946).     

α—蒎烯异构成β—蒎烯的一个简便方法

β-蒎烯是一个重要的有机合成原料,但我国松节油中的β-蒎烯含量甚少,主要为α-蒎烯·将α-蒎烯异构化成为β-衍生物已有许多报道。本文将三乙基硼氨合物或三乙基苄基铵合硼烷使之与α-蒎烯反应成二(3-蒎烷基)硼烷,再经热异构重排成二(10-蒎烷基)硼烷,最后与双戊烯进行置换反应,顺利地制得了β-蒎烯。与Brown的方法相比,本法简便、安全,并且用我国合成樟脑生产中的副产物双戊烯代替了十二烯-(1)。     

新型手性模板-蒎烷酮亚胺内酯的合成

立体选择合成是当今有机合成中一个较新的,极其活跃的研究领域。而利用手性模板进行不对称诱导反应,则是立体选择合成的一种重要方法。近年来,国外报道了许多利用手性模板获得高光学纯度的氨基酸的事例。1981年,Schoellkopf 等用环烯状的双内酰亚胺作手性模板获得了高光学纯度的α-氨基酸。1986年,Williams 用亲电性的甘氨酸内酯作为手性模板进行不对称诱导反应,得到了光学纯度96.5～99.5%的一系列α-取代氨基酸。因此,选择一个好的手性模板是获得高光学纯度产物的关键。较理想的手性模板必须满足以下条     

β-蒎烯氧化反应研究进展

综述了松节油中β-蒎烯的氧化反应的研究进展。目前研究的氧化方法有高锰酸钾氧化、环氧化、四醋酸铅氧化、臭氧氧化、光敏氧化和二氧化硒氧化等。通过各种氧化方法,β-蒎烯可用于合成诺蒎酸、诺蒎酮、2,l0-环氧蒎烷、水芹醛、紫苏醇、紫苏醛、紫苏葶、桃金娘烯醇等。     

松节油及α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的臭氧化反应

松节油的主要成分是 α-蒎烯和 β-蒎烯 ,经臭氧化反应后分别生成蒎酮醛和诺蒎酮的前提化合物 [1] ,它们是合成珍贵香料鸢尾酮和 4-异丙基环己酮衍生物等香料的中间体 .α-蒎烯和 β-蒎烯在气相中的臭氧化反应动力学 [2 ]和 β-蒎烯的液相臭氧化反应 [3]已有研究 ,但 α-蒎烯和 β-蒎烯混合物以及松节油在溶液中的臭氧化反应选择性未受到关注 ,影响了松节油的直接臭氧化深加工利用 .采用松节油直接臭氧化是降低由 α-蒎烯合成鸢尾酮成本的重要途径 .本文通过 α-蒎烯和 β-蒎烯二元混合物及松节油在乙醇中的臭氧化反应的实时反应物浓度分析 …     

西松烷型二萜天然产物全合成最新进展

西松烷型二萜类化合物是近年来相继发现的一大类结构新颖，特殊且具有重要生物活性的天然产物。本文将扼要地论述近几年此类化合物的全合成最新研究进展，其中包括我国近年来的研究成果。     

合成芳樟醇的研究进展

本文综述了合成芳樟醇的路线及关键反应的研究进展．包括乙炔－丙酮法、异戊二烯法、β－蒎烯法与α－蒎烯法．重点综述α－蒎烯法，即：蒎烯氢化、蒎烷氧化、蒎烷氢过氧化物还原与蒎烷醇的热解。     

偶氮液晶在光学材料中的应用进展

偶氮液晶是一类分子中含有偶氮苯结构的液晶,其偶氮基团在光照射下,能发生可逆的顺反异构反应。由于偶氮苯的顺式结构不能形成稳定的液晶相,因此,偶氮液晶在具有向列液晶温敏性质的同时,也具有特有的光敏性质,其相变与分子取向能够通过光照进行控制。这种特性使得偶氮液晶在光学功能材料方面具有广泛的应用。本文介绍了偶氮液晶的基本特性,结合作者自身的研究工作阐述了其在光学材料应用方面的研究进展。     

Progress in the chemistry of the cycloartanes

The review, which considers advances in the chemistry of the cycloartanes, covers literature devoted to compounds of plants of the genusAstragalus and other publications appearing in the period from 1984 to 1987 and, in part, 1988.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 156–175, March–April, 1989.     

Progress in the chemistry of 5-acetylthiazoles

This review deals with the synthesis and reactions of 5-acetylthiazoles. Some of these reactions have been used successfully for the production of biologically important compounds. The main purpose of this review is to present a survey of the literature on the chemistry of 5-acetylthiazoles and to provide useful and up-to-date information on their applications because these compounds have not been previously reviewed.     

Progress in the chemistry of organosilicon resists

Recent developments in the chemistry of organosilicon polymers for use as oxygen plasma-resistant imaging materials in microlithography are reviewed. Various classes of resists, grouped according to molecular structure, are described with special emphasis on properties critical in microlithographic applications. In addition, several silylation schemes involving selective silylation of a non-silicon-containing resist material following patternwise exposure to actinic radiation are also described.     

The remarkable chemistry of trannulenes: green fluorinated fullerenes with unconventional aromaticity

We report the first reaction of trannulenes involving their thermal isomerization to a new class of compounds termed "triumphenes". The thermodynamically controlled conversion of trannulenes into triumphenes is accompanied by an unprecedented migration of three organic addends from one hemisphere of the fullerene cage to another. The reaction products, bearing aliphatic substituents, might find applications in materials science as strong electron acceptors due to the presence of fifteen electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms in their molecular framework. It was revealed that the isomerization of trannulenes can be affected by the presence of unsaturated compounds in the reaction mixture. Heating of trannulenes C(60)F(15)R(3) with C(60), C(70), anthracene, or pentacene at reflux in 1,2-dichlorobenzene yields fluorinated derivatives C(60)F(14)R(2)A, which possess a fused cyclic addend A. The products of this reaction have "triumphene-type" addition patterns and seem to be formed through an unprecedented sequence of elimination, addition, and isomerization steps. The molecular structure of a representative triumphene was proven unambiguously by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis and by NMR spectroscopy. The reactions revealed here open up numerous opportunities for chemical derivatization of fluorinated fullerenes. This method promises to provide a new path towards valuable photoactive materials and a new generation of fullerene-based compounds that are suitable for biomedical applications.     

Hydroxypalladation Precedes the Rate‐Determining Step in the Wacker Oxidation of Ethene

The complete reaction mechanism and kinetics of the Wacker oxidation of ethene in water under low [Cl^?], [Pd^II], and [Cu^II] conditions are investigated in this work by using ab initio molecular dynamics. These extensive simulations shed light on the molecular details of the associated individual steps, along two different reaction routes, starting from a series of ligand‐exchange processes in the catalyst precursor PdCl₄^2? to the final aldehyde‐formation step and the reduction of Pd^II. Herein, we report that hydroxylpalladation is not the rate‐determining step and is, in fact, in equilibrium. The newly proposed rate‐determining step involves isomerization and follows the hydroxypalladation step. The mechanism proposed herein is shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed rate law and rate. Moreover, this mechanism is in consensus with the observed kinetic isotope effects. This report further confirms the outer‐sphere (anti) hydroxypalladation mechanism. Our calculations also ratify that the final product formation proceeds through a reductive elimination, assisted by solvent molecules, rather than through β‐hydride elimination.     

Ultrasound in analytical chemistry

Ultrasound is a type of energy which can help analytical chemists in almost all their laboratory tasks, from cleaning to detection. A generic view of the different steps which can be assisted by ultrasound is given here. These steps include preliminary operations usually not considered in most analytical methods (e.g. cleaning, degassing, and atomization), sample preparation being the main area of application. In sample preparation ultrasound is used to assist solid-sample treatment (e.g. digestion, leaching, slurry formation) and liquid-sample preparation (e.g. liquid–liquid extraction, emulsification, homogenization) or to promote heterogeneous sample treatment (e.g. filtration, aggregation, dissolution of solids, crystallization, precipitation, defoaming, degassing). Detection techniques based on use of ultrasonic radiation, the principles on which they are based, responses, and the quantities measured are also discussed.