稠油开采数值模拟研究

针对稠油油藏使用水平井并且注蒸汽的开采方式,建立了相应的数学模型,模型考虑了油、气、水三个相态及所有组分,和由于稠油流体特性而引起的启动压力,对数学模型使用九点差分进行离散,用全隐式方法将数值模型线性化,给出了模型等效化的处理方法,将计算结果与模拟区块的实际生产数据做动态历史拟合,并提出了开发调整方案,取得了良好效果.该模型与其它方法做了比较,模型所得结果与实际产量的绝对值偏差为1.9％,是所有方法中最小的.模型与求解方法适用于稠油油藏注蒸汽水平并开采数值模拟.     

多层合注封闭油藏注水井压降试井分析

对于复杂断块油气藏而言,砂体往往小、连片性差,但纵向上层数多,常规的单层注水模型已经不能准确的描述油藏的动态特征.为解决上述油藏的渗流问题,建立了多层合注外边界封闭油藏注水井不稳定渗流数学模型,模型中每一层的物性和边界大小各不相同.通过拉普拉斯变换,利用Stehfest数值反演对数学模型进行了求解,获得了多层合注条件下的井底压力响应特征曲线,并将曲线划分为六个阶段.研究表明主力层的砂体边界大小对井底压力动态影响较大;受多层干扰影响,用常规理论方法计算的边界大小有可能与实际地质情况不一致.     

一种预测注采关系调整效果的数学模型

在油田开发过程中,由于某些油层的注采关系并不完善,需要补充注水井调整注采关系,为了实现对注采关系调整开发效果的预测,本文利用劈分方法、注采平衡原理、油水两相非活塞式水驱油理论等理论方法,推导出了一套计算注采关系调整开发效果的数学模型,利用该模型对大庆油田注采关系调整试验区的G161-483井进行了实例计算.根据劈分方法,计算得出G161-483井的4口受效井的劈分系数,分别为0.28、0.12、0.43、0.17.由G161-483井产油量与累产油量的关系得出水驱极限累产油量为0.0750×10~4m~3,注采关系调整极限累产油量为0.6395×104m3,计算得到增油量为0.5645×10~4m~3.由受效井产油量与累产油量的关系得出,该井的水驱极限累产油量为12.5023×10~4m~3,注采关系调整极限累产油量为13.4416×10~4m~3,计算得到注采关系调整技术增油量为0.9393×10~4m~3.最终得出了注采关系调整技术总的增油量为1.5038×10~4m~3.结果表明,注采关系调整技术能够有效地延长经济极限开发有效期,提高波及体积,增加生产期的累产油量,从而提高采收率.     

军事行动决策的模糊综合评估

论述了军事行动方案优化决策的评估问题,讨论了评估因素的确定和结构,将定量分析和定性分析的方法结合起来,采用层次分析法确定了因素的相对权重,根据模糊综合评估原理建立从被选方案中选出最佳方案的数学模型.同时结合实例进一步阐明该模型的实施方法步骤.此模型适用性广泛,具有一定的推广应用价值.     

识别非均质油田无效注采井和层的数学模型

多层砂岩油藏注水开发后期,在油水井之间形成了储层高渗透通道,导致注入水沿高渗透通道做无效循环,油井产量下降.为改善注入水驱油效果,必须对无效注采井层实施调剖、堵水等措施,而有效识别无效注采井层是解决问题的关键.优选出了识别无效注采油水井和无效注采层位的判定指标,并建立了用于识别无效注采油水井和无效注采层位的模糊综合评判数学模型.     

CO_2驱分层注气井注入系统数学模型及其应用

CO_2驱分层注气是控制CO_2气窜和提高开发效果的有效手段.确定合理的分层注气参数是CO_2驱分层注气现场试验的关键环节.本文在CO_2驱单管分层注气和同心双管分层工艺的基础上,通过分析注入CO_2在地面管道、井筒、气嘴及地层中的流动规律,分别建立了两种注气工艺注入系统的数学模型,利用节点系统分析方法对数学模型进行求解和敏感性分析,能够确定不同注气工艺条件下各层合理的注气压力和注气量.以吉林油田CO_2驱注气井为例,结合实际地层参数,确定了各层合理的注气参数,为CO_2驱分层注气的现场实施提供理论依据和指导.     

刀具问题的单策略最优解及灵敏度分析

本文以单策略检验方式为基础 ,对 CMCM-99A题中的检验方案问题建立连续的数学模型 ,利用此模型 ,分别给出了问题第一问、第二问的不等间距检查方案下的最优解     

内窥镜中Walter B流体的蠕动流

研究内窥镜中Walter B流体的蠕动流,在圆柱坐标系中建立问题的模型,目的是研究内窥镜对Walter B流体蠕动流的影响.以delta为摄动参数,使用正规的摄动法求出解析解.利用数值积分,求得压力增量和摩擦力的近似解析解.用图形给出了Walter B流体所显现参数的影响.     

灰色-模糊系统(GFS)方法用于预测开挖引起的山体失稳

针对山区复杂地形条件下工程开挖实际情况,利用模糊数学和灰色系统理论建立了预测山区地下开挖引起岩体及自然坡失稳的数学模型,并对具体矿山工程中岩体移动和自然坡失稳问题进行了计算和分析.提出了山区复杂地形条件下地下安全开采技术方案.     

微循环系统动力学综合数学模型研究(Ⅱ)———计算方法及结果

利用解析法与有限元法相结合的“影响线算法”,求解了第一部分中建立的数学模型,分析了微循环系统动力学的若干重要问题,表明在微动脉自律运动周期内,间质流体压力将两次改变符号,因而某些理论中十分强调的间质流体压力是略高于或略低于大气压力的问题显得并不重要;微动脉自律运动能导致周期性的淋巴形成,间质总应力在这一过程中起着重要作用;微循环局部调节可以以动态平衡的方式在一定范围内满足代谢的需要.计算还表明了微动脉“阻力血管”的性质和微血管网络在热量交换过程中的高效性.这些结果说明我们建立的综合模型符合生理实际.     

基于混沌量子算法和MAGTD的多目标FJSP求解策略

针对多目标环境下柔性作业车间的调度问题,以最小化最大完工时间和惩罚值为目标,建立调度问题的数学模型,提出了基于混沌理论的量子粒子群算法。针对实际生产交货期不确定的特点,在量子粒子群算法基础上,提出引入混沌机制建立初始群的方法;利用混沌机制的遍历性,提出混沌局部优化策略;为获取最优调度方案提出了引入多指标加权灰靶选择策略。通过典型基准算例和对比测试,验证了所提出的算法获得最满意调度方案的可行性和求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题的有效性。     

Exact analytical solution of a generalized multiple moving boundary model of one-dimensional non-Darcy flow in heterogeneous multilayered low-permeability porous media with a threshold pressure gradient

A nonlinear generalized multiple moving boundary model of one-dimensional non-Darcy flow in heterogeneous multilayered low-permeability porous media with a threshold pressure gradient is constructed, in which the total rate of fluid injection into the porous media remains constant. The number of layers in the model can be arbitrary, and thus the generalized model will be very suitable for describing the one-dimensional non-Darcy flow characteristics in low-permeability reservoirs with strong heterogeneity. Through the similarity transformation method, the exact analytical solution of the multiple moving boundary model is obtained, and the formula for the subrate of fluid injection into every layer is provided. Moreover, it is strictly proved that the exact analytical solution can reduce to the solution of Darcy flow as the threshold pressure gradient in different layers simultaneously tends to zero. Through the exact analytical solution, the effects of the layer threshold pressure gradient, the layer permeability ratio, and the layer elastic storage ratio on the moving boundaries, the spatial pressure distributions, the transient pressure, and the layer subrate in low-permeability porous media are discussed. Through comparison of the exact analytical solutions, it is also demonstrated that incorporation of the multiple moving boundary conditions is very necessary in the modeling of non-Darcy flow in heterogeneous multilayered porous media with a threshold pressure gradient, especially when the threshold pressure gradient is large. In particular, an explicit formula is presented for estimating the relative error of the transient pressure introduced by ignoring the moving boundaries in the modeling. All in all, solid theoretical foundations are provided for non-Darcy flow problems in stratified reservoirs with a threshold pressure gradient. They can be very useful for strictly verifying numerical simulation results, and for giving some guidance for project design and optimization of layer production or injection during the development of heterogeneous low-permeability reservoirs and heavy oil reservoirs so as to enhance oil recovery.     

基于正交试验法和数值仿真的环形降压槽结构优化

降压槽存在相互矛盾的阻力和粘损特性均受各结构参数的影响,合理的结构参数选择一直是降压槽设计的难点问题.环形降压槽结构优化设计涉及到多因素多水平问题,数值仿真和正交试验设计方法相结合可以有效地减少对实验的依赖和试验次数.对环形降压槽进行结构参数化建模,建立了幂律流体在降压槽环空流道流动的数值仿真模型,可完成不同结构降压槽性能的数值仿真分析;制定了降压槽3因素3水平的多指标正交试验,采用极差和方差分析方法对试验的结果进行了分析,并用综合平衡的方法确定最优的降压槽结构参数组合.最终得到了各结构参数对降压槽的粘损和阻力性能的影响规律以及最优的结构参数,可为环形降压槽的设计和改进提供有价值的参考.     

A partitioned strongly coupled fluid-structure interaction method to model heart valve dynamics

A new method for the calculation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) of highly flexible bodies is presented. This innovative algorithm demonstrates the strong coupling of a commercial computational fluid dynamics code with an in-house coded structural solver. The strong response of the pressure distribution to the displacement can be approximated by a reduced order model for the fluid solver. The Jacobian of this reduced order model is then used in the structural solver to obtain a stable and full implicit iteration scheme. The method is demonstrated on a 2D model of a flexible aortic valve during the cardiac cycle. Furthermore, the model is able to calculate shear stresses on the leaflet.     

改进的布谷鸟算法求解考虑运输时间的分布式柔性流水车间调度问题

针对分布式制造环境下多车间调度问题特点,结合企业实际生产情况,考虑相邻工序间的运输时间,建立以最小化最大完工时间为优化目标的分布式柔性流水车间调度模型,提出一种改进布谷鸟算法用于求解该模型。算法改进包括设计了一种基于工序、车间和机器的三层编码方案;根据问题特点设计了混合种群初始化策略以提高种群质量;改进了布谷鸟搜索操作使其适用于求解该模型;设计了一种种群进化策略以提高算法收敛速度及解的质量。最后通过仿真实验,与多种算法对比,验证所提算法的有效性和优越性。     

Analysis of incompressible miscible displacement in porous media by characteristics collocation method

Miscible displacement of one incompressible fluid by another in a porous medium is modelled by a coupled system of two partial differential equations. The pressure equation is elliptic, whereas the concentration equation is parabolic but normally convection‐dominated. In this article, the collocation scheme is used to approximate the pressure equation and another characteristics collocation scheme to treat concentration equation. Existence and uniqueness of solutions of the algorithm are proved. Optimal order error estimate is demonstrated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006     

洼38块特稠油油藏流-固-热三场耦合规律研究

近年来,随着石油的不断开发开采,在研究高压注水,稠油热采等涉及到温度剧烈变化的研究领域中,油藏工作者难以通过经典的渗流力学理论和传统的油藏数值模拟方法得到有效、合理的解释,必须考虑到温度场、渗流场、应力场三场相互影响、相互作用、相互变化等相关变化因素.基于考虑热弹性的岩石应力一应变关系、地下流体运动定律、能量守恒定律,建立包括油水两相渗流控制方程、岩石变形体控制方程、温度场控制方程的稠油油藏三场耦合数学模型,运用全耦合算法实现同时求解所有耦合方程组,研究了应用有限元分析软件ADINA进行三场耦合规律的建模过程与方法.以小洼油田洼38块为例研究三场耦合规律.结果表明:距离井筒越近,其总位移、温度场、应力场、渗流场及岩石物性参数越会产生明显的变化;距离井筒越远,其变化越不明显.距离井筒越近的储层温度变化越剧烈,而距离井筒越远的储层温度变化越缓;井筒周围的温度变化呈现倒置漏斗形状,随着注水的不断进行,漏斗会逐渐平缓;最后储层各点的温度会平衡在同一温度水平线上,达到平衡状态.模型较为真实的模拟油藏实际开采情况.     

Block‐centered upwind multistep difference method and convergence analysis for numerical simulation of oil reservoir

The three‐dimensional displacement of two‐phase flow in porous media is a preliminary problem of numerical simulation of energy science and mathematics. The mathematical model is formulated by a nonlinear system of partial differential equations to describe incompressible miscible case. The pressure is defined by an elliptic equation, and the concentration is defined by a convection‐dominated diffusion equation. The pressure generates Darcy velocity and controls the dynamic change of concentration. We adopt a conservative block‐centered scheme to approximate the pressure and Darcy velocity, and the accuracy of Darcy velocity is improved one order. We use a block‐centered upwind multistep method to solve the concentration, where the time derivative is approximated by multistep method, and the diffusion term and convection term are treated by a block‐centered scheme and an upwind scheme, respectively. The composite algorithm is effective to solve such a convection‐dominated problem, since numerical oscillation and dispersion are avoided and computational accuracy is improved. Block‐centered method is conservative, and the concentration and the adjoint function are computed simultaneously. This physical nature is important in numerical simulation of seepage fluid. Using the convergence theory and techniques of priori estimates, we derive optimal estimate error. Numerical experiments and data show the support and consistency of theoretical result. The argument in the present paper shows a powerful tool to solve the well‐known model problem.     

Particle swarm with equilibrium strategy of selection for multi-objective optimization

A new ranking scheme based on equilibrium strategy of selection is proposed for multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), and the preference ordering is used to identify the “best compromise” in the ranking stage. This scheme increases the selective pressure, especially when the number of objectives is very large. The proposed algorithm has been compared with other multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). The experimental results indicate that our algorithm produces better convergence performance.