Aberrations theory of a time dependent magnetic field lens

We analyze new forms of aberrations affecting a time dependent magnetic field lens recently proposed. The lens consist of an axially symmetric ellipsoidal solenoid producing a spatially uniform but time pulsating homogeneous field. The dynamics of electrons emitted by some object and injected into this coil shows that this system is capable of focusing a parallel beam or produce images free of geometrical aberrations. The cardinal elements of this lens change periodically in positions and therefore to obtain a stationary image it is necessary to employ a chopped electron beam. Two forms of aberrations originate from the finite duration of the electron pulse and the energy dispersion of the incoming beam (chromatic aberration). Their image degradation effects are quite similar and result from recording different axially displaced images at some fixed stationary plane. We show how, by adjusting the parameters characterizing the magnetic pulse and introducing small apertures that increase the depth of focus, their effects can be reduced or in some cases eliminated. Other forms of instrumental aberrations characteristic of this time dependent magnetic field lens are briefly discussed.     

Quantum kinetic theory of confined electrons in a strong time dependent field

A gauge-invariant Green’s function approach to the quantum transport of spatially confined electrons in strong electromagnetic fields is presented. The theory includes mean field and exchange effects, as well as collisions and initial correlations. It allows for a self-consistent treatment of spectral properties and collective effects (plasmons), on one hand, and nonlinear field phenomena, such as harmonic generation and multiphoton absorption, on the other. It is equally applicable to electrons in quantum dots, ultracold ions in traps and valence electrons of metal clusters.     

Observation of magnetic field dependent ultrasonic relaxation time in p-InSb

Ultrasonic attenuation and sound velocity measurements are presented for p-InSb (≈ 10¹⁴cm^?3) at low temperatures in high magnetic fields. A magnetic field dependent relaxation time is observed, which is interpreted as being due to a relaxation process via holes in the valence band.     

Kinetic theory of time correlation functions for a dense one-component plasma in a magnetic field

The time-dependent correlations of a one-component plasma in a uniform magnetic field are studied with the help of kinetic theory. The time correlation functions of the particle density, the momentum density, and the kinetic energy density are evaluated for large time intervals. In the collision-dominated regime the results agree with those found from linearized magnetohydrodynamics.     

Two-body collisions and time dependent Hartree-Fock theory

The time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory is generalized in order to include the effect of two-body collisions (i.e. the residual interaction). This is achieved by adding a collision integral into the TDHF equations, similar to the one ordinarily used in the Boltzmann equation. It is shown, that two-body collisions arise from the imaginary part of the effective interaction between two nucleons whereas the Hartree-Fock field is associated to the real part of the same interaction. There is thus no double counting when the collisions are added to a single particle field. Various approximations for the collision integral are discussed and their accuracy evaluated. Special effort is made in order to obtain conserving approximations. It is shown that for discrete fields, energy as well as momentum conservation is achieved by off-shell scattering processes. In the light of a previous paper, it is argued that two-body collisions should dominate the irreversible processes above some critical energy (roughly 200 MeV per nucleon). Below this energy the irreversible effects due to the single particle field and the collisions are expected to be of the same order of magnitude.     

Effect of a transverse magnetic field on breakdown time

Results are given for discharges in air and nitrogen near atmospheric pressure; the strength of the transverse magnetic field varies from 0 to 270 kOe. The results are explained in terms of the equivalent-pressure theory.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 69–74, May, 1973.     

The time dependent electron velocity distribution in a fully ionized gas under the action of electric and magnetic field

The Boltzmann's equation in crossed electric and magnetic fields is solved provided that the electron-electron collisions are neglected. The velocity distribution fucntion is obtained in the analytic form; the runaway rate is calculated in dependence on the magnetic field and time.The author wishes to express his thanks to Prof. J. Kracik, DrSc. for valuable advice and suggestions.     

A magnetic lens for cold atoms controlled by a rf field

We report on a new type of magnetic lens that focuses atomic clouds using a static inhomogeneous magnetic field in combination with a radio-frequency (rf) field. The experimental study is performed with a cloud of cold cesium atoms. The rf field adiabatically deforms the magnetic potential of a coil and therefore changes its focusing properties. The focal length can be tuned precisely by changing the rf frequency value. Depending on the rf antenna position relative to the dc magnetic profile, the focal length of the atomic lens can be either decreased or increased by the rf field. PACS 39.25.+k; 37.10.Gh     

Field dependent central cell correction in germanium in a magnetic field

We report calculations of the energies of 1s and 2s donor levels in Ge as functions of magnetic field. The Ge 1s and 2s donor eigenstates in fields along the (111) and (100) directions were studied in the effective mass approximation by using variational wave functions. We have made none of the artificial assumptions invoked by previous authors for simplifyingsuch effective mass calculations. To account for the central cell shifts of these levels we generalize to the case of donors in Ge, in a model which has been very successful in predicting the magnetic field dependence of donor central cell corrections in GaAs. Our results cast some doubt on certain recent transition assignments of Gershenzon and Gol'tsman.     

Relativistic theory of a hydrogen atom in a superstrong magnetic field

The Dirac equation for a hydrogen atom in a static, uniform magnetic field is transformed by a modified FWT transformation into a mixed form; relativistic for perpendicular motion and semi-relativistic for parallel motion. In this way the adiabatic approximation can easily be obtained.     

Numerical simulation of graphene in a magnetic field within the effective field theory

Monte Carlo simulation of graphene in an external magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of graphene has been reported. The calculations have been performed using the effective quantum field theory with a noncompact (3 + 1)-dimensional Abelian gauge field and (2 + 1)-dimensional Kogut-Susskind fermions. It has been revealed that the external magnetic field shifts the semimetal-insulator phase transition point toward higher dielectric constants of the substrate. The phase diagram of the semimetal-insulator phase transition has been plotted in the (dielectric constant of the substrate-magnetic field) plane.     

Hydrodynamic theory of electron transport in a strong magnetic field

The mode coupling contribution to the transverse transport coefficients of a three-dimensional one-component plasma in a strong external magnetic field is calculated. For very strong fields it is found that the tagged particle diffusion rate, the thermal diffusion rate, and the coefficient of viscosity in the plane orthogonal to the field have a Bohm-like B ^–1 behavior. The mode coupling mechanism responsible for such an effect is always one that involves the finite-frequency upper hybrid modes.     

基于时间透镜原理实现微波信号时间反演

时间反演电磁学是一门新兴学科. 高效的电磁时间反演信号获取方式是时间反演技术获得应用的关键. 本文研究了一种基于时域成像原理获得时间反演微波信号的方法. 首先根据时间透镜原理, 推导出了实现波形时间反演的条件, 并对波形反演的过程进行了数值仿真. 然后设计了两种满足反演条件的啁啾电磁带隙结构来构造色散信道, 并通过实验得到了一个时隙长度为1.5 ns的时间反演信号. 由于啁啾电磁带隙结构与理想色散信道的差异, 实验结果中存在波形失真. 文章最后对造成失真的原因进行了分析.     

Arrival time in quantum field theory

Via the proper-time eigenstates (event states) instead of the proper-mass eigenstates (particle states), free-motion time-of-arrival theory for massive spin-1/2 particles is developed at the level of quantum field theory. The approach is based on a position-momentum dual formalism. Within the framework of field quantization, the total time-of-arrival is the sum of the single event-of-arrival contributions, and contains zero-point quantum fluctuations because the clocks under consideration follow the laws of quantum mechanics.     

Linear magnetoresistance and magnetic field dependent scattering probability

Within the framework of the Boltzmann equation it is possible to find a linear behaviour for the Magnetoresistance. Instead of using a purely random impurity scattering model, one makes this model slightly magnetic field dependent. Keeping only the linear term of the power expansion in the magnetic field, one finds a linear dependence of the Magnetoresistance.     

Density dependent resonance behaviour of a perturbed gamma-gamma directional correlation in a magnetic field

Using pure gaseous H₂ ⁷⁵Se sources with densities between 1.9×10¹⁵/cm³ and 3.8·10¹⁷/cm³, the directional correlation of the 121.1–279.5 keV gamma-gamma cascade of⁷⁵As was measured as a function of the strength of an external magnetic field. The anisotropy shows a resonance behaviour around zero magnetic field with a broadening of the curves for increasing density. A comparison with the theory of Leisi was possible for the source with the lowest density. Using the stochastic model of Bosch and Spehl, the theory of Leisi was extended to describe the broadening of the curves. The measured half widths of the curves were fitted to the theory yielding a cross section of 1.6 ×10^?13 cm² for charge transfer collisions in the eV energy region between As ions and H₂Se molecules.     

有限磁场作用下等离子体圆柱波导中的线性理论

 考虑了有限磁场的作用,利用“匹配场法”推导出填充环形等离子体时圆柱波导的色散方程,并较详细地讨论了等离子体的厚度、密度, 以及所加磁场强度对色散特性的影响。尤其讨论了等离子体厚度对增长率的影响并得出：对应最大的增长率有一最佳的等离子体厚度。