高纯单壁纳米碳管大量制备的新方法和工艺条件

在单壁纳米碳管大量制备方面提出了新方法和工艺条件.反复实验及电子显微镜分析表明,利用该方法和工艺条件,可以获得高产量、高纯度单壁纳米碳管.单根给定长度的含有金属的复合石墨阳极与阴极成一定角度在高温氦电弧中放电数分钟,即可获得1.0g以上含有60%左右的单壁纳米碳管的生成物.这为高纯单壁纳米碳管的规模化生产奠定了基础 关键词： 单壁纳米碳管 电弧放电 透射电子显微镜分析     

高效循环电弧放电法制备大量单壁纳米碳管的研究

介绍一种利用电弧放电法高效率制备大量单壁纳米碳管的新方法.以钨代替传统的石墨棒作为放电阴极，采取循环式往返放电法.同时利用高分辨透射电子显微镜及拉曼光谱对制备的单壁纳米碳管进行了观察、表征.实验证明：以钨为阴极的循环电弧放电法可以初步实现单壁纳米碳管的高效率、大批量生产. 关键词： 单壁纳米碳管 钨电极 拉曼光谱     

熔盐电解法制备纳米碳管及纳米线

以LiCl、LiCl+SnCl2 等为熔盐电解质 ,采用电解石墨的方法制备了纳米碳管和纳米线 ,并运用TEM、XRD、EDS等分析手段对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征 .结果表明 ,熔盐成分对电解产物的形态和性质有显著影响 .在LiCl熔盐中可得到直径为 75～ 10 0nm的纳米碳管 ;在LiCl+1.0 %SnCl2 熔盐中可生成 β Sn填充的纳米碳管 .XRD测试表明 ,电解制备的 β Sn纳米线经氧化处理后在碳管内可转变为SnO2 ,其晶体结构为四方晶系 ,直径为 2 0～ 5 0nm .电解过程中Li+ 在石墨阴极上反应生成的LiC6化合物对纳米碳结构的形成具有重要作用 .     

双壁纳米碳管的制备及其结构研究

用含有铁族金属硫化物的复合石墨棒作阳极，在氢气氛围下实施电弧放电，制备出了双壁纳米碳管.经透射电子显微镜观察与分析，发现在蒸发室内壁及阴极周围的附着物中，都含有双壁纳米碳管. 关键词： 双壁纳米碳管 透射电子显微镜     

在氢气氛围下利用电弧放电法大量制备纳米碳管的研究

利用以石墨为电极的直流电弧放电法,在氢气氛围下制备出了纳米碳管.实验结果表明,在阴极上形成的碳素堆积物中,其前端表面及其内部都生成了纳米碳管.经扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察分析发现,所生成的纳米碳管其形态构造在氢气的压强和直流电弧电流发生变化时,没有显著差异.在氢气压强为11999Pa,直流电弧电流为60A时,得到了大量的、管径较均匀、直而长的纳米碳管. 关键词：     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料电子理论研究

采用自行开发计算机软件，建立了铝晶粒大角度重位点阵晶界模型及碳纳米管与铝金属的界面结构，利用递归法计算了纳米碳管增强铝基复合材料的电子结构参数(铝晶界、铝与纳米管界面及纳米管的结构能，体系费米能级等). 计算结果表明：Σ为5的晶界结构能最低，比较稳定；纳米碳管在铝晶粒的晶界处与铝形成的界面结构能较低，复合材料中纳米碳管主要分布在铝晶粒的晶界处；铝提高纳米碳管的结构能，降低纳米碳管的稳定性，增强碳管的物理化学活性，且管口处的碳原子稳定性较差，易与周围环境中的原子结合生成稳定结构. 关键词： 电子结构 晶界 铝复合材料 纳米管     

高质量单壁纳米碳管的CVD法合成及催化剂酸碱性对碳管生长的影响

采用燃烧法制备了Fe/Mo/MgO催化剂,用化学气相沉积法在1000℃下催化裂解甲烷制得了单壁纳米碳管.实验结果表明,550℃下焙烧的催化剂效果最好,适宜的酸碱性应该是催化剂具有较高活性的原因.用扫描电镜、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、热重分析和拉曼光谱等方法对制备的纳米碳管粗产品进行了表征.结果表明,该产物确为高质量单壁纳米碳管,其形态基本都以束状存在,且单壁纳米碳管直径分布较窄(0.85～1.22nm);对反应气氛的考察表明,CH4/N2=50/300为最佳,该气氛下所制得粗产物中单壁碳管的含量接近40%,经稀盐酸室温处理后,碳管含量可达到75%以上.     

纳米碳管异质结的结构及其电学性质

研究碳管内缺陷的结构以及对碳管电子结构的影响, 并且对碳管内异质结的构型进行了初步研究, 发现可以用简单方法将不同螺旋的两种碳管连接. 关键词： 纳米碳管 缺陷 异质结 局域电子态密度     

纳米碳管及其电子显微结构研究（Ⅰ）

分两篇介绍了近年来国际上出现的一种新兴材料－纳米碳管，第一篇介绍了纳米碳管的历史背景，物理性质和潜在应用价值，还介绍了与纳米碳管共存的另一类相关形态－石墨纳米颗粒。第二篇结合作者的研究结果总结了国际上当前对两种纳米碳图案邓直形管和线圈形管结构的电子显微镜研究，并对两种碳管的生产方法和生长机制也作了简要的说明。     

微孔对单壁纳米碳管储氢性能的影响

用巨正则蒙特卡罗分子模拟方法研究了单壁纳米碳管中的微孔即单壁纳米碳管基本孔-内管腔和管间孔对单壁纳米碳管储氢性能的影响.与低温下氮气吸附实验结果的比较发现单壁纳米碳管的内管腔是吸附的主要位置.分析单壁纳米碳管内管腔中吸附势的叠加和利用效率，发现管径为2nm左右时单壁纳米碳管内管腔的储氢容量最高.当单壁纳米碳管阵列的管间距增加时，单壁纳米碳管的管间孔也会成为有效的氢吸附位. 关键词： Monte Carlo方法 单壁纳米碳管 储氢 微孔     

强流质子束辐照形成的冲击波

 对强流质子束在铝材料中引起的冲击波进行了数值模拟，其中强流质子束在铝中的能量沉积行为采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟，而能量的非均匀沉积后引起的力学效应采用一维流体弹塑性模型进行计算。计算给出了强流质子束在铝材料中的能量沉积曲线和引起的冲击波的时间演化规律。     

The separation single-wall carbon nanotubes on length by sepharose gel

The separations of single-wall carbon nanotubes on length by sepharose gel were investigated in this work. The solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium deoxycholate were applied as the eluent in sequence. SEM and Raman were used to characterize the length of nanotube bundles. The results show that the longer nanotubes were eluted out first, and then the shorter tubes were followed by the sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, the separated order was totally reversed by the sodium deoxycholate. By this method, the process generated nanotube fractions not only were narrower in length distributions, but also could control the separation orders by changing the eluents. Moreover, the separation principle was also discussed.     

Two component silicone modified epoxy foul release coatings: Effect of modulus, surface energy and surface restructuring on pseudobarnacle and macrofouling behavior

Two component silicone modified epoxy resin based low surface energy and non-toxic foul release coatings were developed. Silicone modified epoxy resin with 15 and 30% silicone content was used as component A and a polyether diamine (Jeffamine-500) was used as the component B. Free standing films were prepared by casting a mixture of components A and B in stoichiometric proportions. The surface composition, surface topography and wetting properties of the coatings were studied by angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle goniometry respectively. The mechanical properties of the cured films were evaluated by tensile measurements as well as dynamic mechanical analysis. Pseudobarnacles made of aluminium studs were attached to the coated panels and adhesion tests were carried out by a pseudobarnacle tester. Coated panels were exposed in Mumbai harbor for fouling studies for a period of 90 days. Surface restructuring studies of the coatings upon immersion in seawater were carried out by measuring the changes in advancing and receding contact angles by contact angle goniometry. The effect of surface energy, modulus and surface restructuring of the coatings on the macrofouling and pseudobarnacle adhesion properties has been discussed in detail.     

ICP-AES分析茶叶中Mg和K含量的不确定度评定

对用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定茶叶中的金属元素Mg、K含量的不确定度来源进行分析和计算.其分析方法的标准不确定度主要来源包括物质称量、线性回归拟合、溶液稀释等过程,并依据不确定度的评定方法计算各不确定度分量,结果表示茶叶中Mg、K的含量依次为1773、16666mg/kg,标准不确定度依次为...     

乙酸-乙醇汽液平衡数据的测定与关联

用小型循环式汽液平衡釜测定了常压下乙酸-乙醇二元体系的汽液平衡数据,并用Willson 方程关联实验数据,利用Willson方程进行了汽液平衡数据计算,计算结果与实验值基本吻合.     

利用X射线衍射技术与红外光谱分析真菌侵蚀的木材

为了弄清真菌侵蚀木材的微细结晶构造与主成分官能团的变化,利用X射线衍射技术和红外光谱研究了分别经过黄孢原毛平革菌(PC)和棉腐卧孔菌(PP)侵蚀不同时间后毛白杨木材的结晶度、晶胞内层间距、晶粒宽度和主成分官能团的变化情况。结果表明：(1)PC与PP的侵蚀对木材纤维素结晶区的晶格构造没有影响,纤维素结晶区衍射2θ角和层间距基本保持不变,但纤维素结晶度和晶粒宽度随侵蚀时间增加而呈减小的趋势,并且受PP侵蚀的要比受PC侵蚀的明显,表明PP侵蚀对纤维素的破坏程度要大于PC侵蚀;(2)半纤维素在侵蚀过程中其木聚糖被不同程度的降解,使得产物中羰基含量增加,PC与PP对半纤维素的降解效果与纤维素几近相同;(3)木质素受PC侵蚀后苯环被氧化裂解生成链烃,而受PP侵蚀的变化不明显。     

大庆油田和南阳油田采出水的分析

采用高压消解罐法消解处理样品,对大庆油田和南阳油田几个驱块的采出水样品进行了全离子分析.用ICP-AES测定了其中Na、K、Ca、Mg、Al、Ba、Sr、Mn、Si元素的含量.方法回收率在95.00%-106.00%,相对标准偏差小于2.15%.采用离子色谱测定了各驱采出水中Cl<'->、SO<,4><'2->含量,方...     

2024铝合金激光多次冲击诱导残余应力状态分布规律

采用高功率激光器多次冲击2024铝合金,用X射线衍射技术分析了冲击区域的残余应力,研究了冲击残余应力状态分布规律,并用其评价激光冲击强化效果。研究表明,随着冲击次数增加,塑变量及塑性应变梯度逐渐减小,测点是双向压应力状态,而4次冲击时,塑性应变梯度增大,光斑中心是单向压应力状态,其他点是双向压应力状态。当激光功率密度为2.8 GW/cm2时,3次冲击强化效果最佳,材料是二向压应力状态,残余最大主应力及应力强度的均值最大,方差最小,分布基本均匀,塑性应变梯度较小。     

Band-pass filters for THz spectral range fabricated by laser ablation

The terahertz resonant metal-mesh filters were fabricated using the laser direct writing technique. UV picosecond laser was employed to cut matrixes of cross-shaped holes in stainless steel foil and molybdenum layer deposited on polyimide substrate. Different laser processing strategies were developed: holes were cut through in the metal foil and the molybdenum film was removed from the polyimide by laser ablation. Band-pass filters with a different center frequency were designed and fabricated. The regular shape, smoothness of edges and sharpness of corners of the cross-shaped holes in the metal were the main attributes for quality assessment for the laser ablation process. Spectral characteristics of the filters, determined by the mesh period, cross-arm length, and its width, were investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and conventional space-domain Fourier transform spectroscopy. Experimental data were supported by three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations.     

COMPARISON OF COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE IN JAPAN AND SWEDEN—PART I: OUTLINE OF SURVEYS AND DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS

To investigate cross-cultural differences in the community response to road traffic noise, social surveys were conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and Kumamoto and Sapporo, Japan, using the same questionnaire and noise measurement method. Typical residential areas with detached houses and apartments were selected as the target areas in each city. The questionnaire comprised 40 questions relating to environmental, housing and personal factors. The key questions concerned annoyance caused by road traffic noise. The total numbers of respondents were 1142 in Gothenburg, 837 in Kumamoto and 780 in Sapporo. The response rates were 68·8, 69·3 and 57·5% respectively. After the questionnaires were completed, noise measurements were made in each area. Community responses were compared on the basis of the dose-response relationships. There were no systematic differences between community responses in Sapporo and Kumamoto, which have the same culture. People living in detached houses in Gothenburg were more annoyed by the same road traffic noise than the people living in Japanese cities. There were no systematic differences among the three cities with regard to activity disturbances indoors, but significant disturbance of activities and resting in gardens or on balconies was noted in Gothenburg. The difference in activity disturbance was due to the differences between lifestyles in the two countries. People living in detached houses were more annoyed by the house vibration caused by road traffic than those living in apartments and people were annoyed by the exhaust from road traffic to the same extent as noise.