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1.
G. C. Verghese R. Kishore V. P. Guinn 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1973,15(1):329-335
Hair clippings (from the head) from over a hundred persons in and around Orange County of California were analysed for mercury,
gold, zinc, and copper by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results of the study show significant differences
in the trace-element distributions between males and females. For mercury, the mode of the distribution occurs at about 1
to 1,5 ppm for males and 4 to 6 ppm for females. A significant difference between the male and female distribution curves
was also found for gold, and a less significant one for zinc and copper. This study indicates the possibility that the high
levels of mercury and gold in the hair of females are more likely due to external contamination, because of the more frequent
and intense exposure of their hair to cosmetics. Moreover, as females usually have longer hair, their hair strands are exposed
to such treatment over a longer period of time. Hair being a good ion-exchange material, trace elements are absorbed easily
during the process of washing and setting of hair, and accumulation of these over a long period may cause a very high concentration
of these elements. The variability of trace-element concentration as a result of external contamination, and the sometimes
marked variation along the length of the hair, pose a serious problem in forensic work. Identification criteria should provide
for these variations, especially in the case of mercury and gold. This work also indicates that if the evidence hair from
the scene of a crime does not contain the root end, its value as an evidence specimen is considerably reduced. 相似文献
2.
Kempson IM Skinner WM Kirkbride PK Nelson AJ Martin RR 《European journal of mass spectrometry (Chichester, England)》2003,9(6):589-597
Hair from four individuals excavated from burial sites in Pacatnamu, Peru from the Moche (450-800 AD) and Lambayeque (900-1100 AD) periods was sectioned longitudinally and analysed with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). An attempt was made to distinguish biogenic and diagenetic contributions to the elemental concentrations in the hair samples. Significant contamination was observed to have penetrated the hair samples from the burial environment. Results from the analyses indicate that the burial environment plays an important role in the postmortem variation in elemental content of hair samples. Various elements demonstrated an ability to permeate through the hair matrix over time. In addition, NaCl and what are believed to be aluminosilicates and mineral sulphates, were observed to have accumulated on the surface of the samples. Degradation of the samples was also suspected due to the presence of molecular fragments, possibly resulting from oxidation of the keratin proteins. The results should assist in the identification of reliable elemental signals in the analysis of ancient hair samples and promote caution when considering elements that are abundant in the burial environment. 相似文献
3.
Min Shen Ping Xiang Yan Shi Hai Pu Hui Yan Baohua Shen 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(19):4611-4616
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) coupled with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a rapidly emerging technology that produces distribution maps of small pharmaceutical molecules in situ in tissue sections. Segmental hair analysis provides useful information regarding the state and history of drug use. A preliminary MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)-MSI method was developed for direct identification and imaging of ketamine in hair samples. After decontamination, the scalp hair samples from ketamine users were scraped gently and were fixed onto a stainless steel MALDI plate using double-sided adhesive tape. A Bruker 9.4 T solariX FTICR mass spectrometer with continuous accumulation of selected ions function was used in the positive ion mode. Four single hairs from the same drug abuser were analyzed. Three of four single hairs demonstrated ketamine spatial distribution, while only traces of ketamine were identified in the other one. The platform could provide detection power of ketamine down to the 7.7 ng/mg level in hair. MALDI-FTICR-MSI demonstrated the drug distribution over the whole hair length with higher spatial resolution compared with the traditional LC-MS/MS method after scissor cutting. Greater caution is needed in the interpretation of a single hair result because of the considerable variations in the growth rate and sample collection. 相似文献
4.
5.
A new analytical procedure consisting of special washing step, irradiation in a thermal neutron flux of ∼1014n·cm−2·sec−1, and Ge(Li) spectrometry enabled to determine as many as 14 elements in a 3 cm segment of a single human hair by neutron
activation analysis (NAA). The criminalistic aspects of hair analysis were studied using a new statistical criterion for elimination/identification
and an appropriate computer program was constructed. Hair dimensions as measured microscopically were used as additional individualizing
attributes. It was shown that despite the difficulties orginating from a relatively large intrinsic variation of the trace
element concentration over one head, elimination of most or nearly all of the “suspects” could be achieved in simulated cases.
Distincly elevated level of Au as well as Cu and Ag were found in hair of some groups of persons working under specific conditions
thus confirming the importance of the environmental factor related to some kinds of occupation. 相似文献
6.
XRF and TXRF techniques for multi-element determination of trace elements in whole blood and human hair samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. Khuder M. A. Bakir J. Karjou M. Kh. Sawan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,273(2):435-442
XRF and TXRF were established as useful techniques for multi-element analysis of whole blood and human head hair samples.
Direct-XRF with different collimation units and different X-ray excitation modes was successfully used for the determination
of S, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Br elements in blood samples and K, Ca, Mn, Fe elements in human hair samples. Direct analysis by
TXRF was used for the determination of Rb and Sr in digested blood and human hair samples, respectively, while, the co-precipitation
method using APDC for TXRF analysis was used for the determination of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb elements in both matrices. As a result,
the improved XRF and TXRF methods were applied for multi-element determination of elements in whole blood and human hair samples
in non-occupational exposed population living in Damascus city. The mean concentrations of analyzed elements in both matrices
were on the reported range values for non-occupational population in other countries. 相似文献
7.
Luke Bartkus Dulasiri Amarasiriwardena Bernardo Arriaza David Bellis Jorge Yaez 《Microchemical Journal》2011,98(2):267-274
Lead exposure has received increased attention over the past few decades since it has been shown to have adverse effects on physical and intellectual development in humans. The use of biological tissues such as blood, teeth, hair, and bone for assessment of lead exposure has been previously demonstrated. While analysis of blood for trace metals provides information concerning recent exposure, hair offers insight into a period of several months, and is preferable since it is non-invasively collected and easily stored. The present study analyzed total of 49 ancient hair samples for lead (PbH) using LA-ICP-MS. Samples belonged to an ancient fisher hunter–gatherer culture called the “Chinchorro,” and who occupied regions of the Atacama Desert on the northern coast of Chile from approximately 5000–1500 B.C. and practiced the first-known form of artificial mummification. Several samples from a post-Chinchorro agricultural community (n = 12) ca. 1000–1400 A.D. were also analyzed. A suite of hair standards was developed using contemporary hair from the same region and was subsequently used to make linear calibration functions for lead determination in single strands of hair using LA-ICP-MS. Three linear scans ranged from 500 to 1000 μm were performed for each sample and signal intensities were normalized over 13C. The distribution of lead in the central medulla in a 100 μm cross-section scan of hair strand demonstrated minimal exogenous contamination. Hair lead (PbH) concentrations ranged between 2.2 μg/g and 12.8 μg/g could be accurately quantified with these standards. Twenty one out of 49 samples (43%) showed PbH concentrations higher than the average value of 5 μg/g for unexposed individuals (range 1.1–228.0 μg/g). Median hair lead concentrations by burial sites and are shown in order of decreasing concentration: Morro (13.8 μg/g) > Iquique (6.6 μg/g) > Azapa (4.5 μg/g) > Yungay (4.1 μg/g) > Camarones (2.7 μg/g). Most of the burial sites showed PbH concentrations greater than the normal value for unexposed individuals and outliers heavily influenced average concentrations. The results suggest that the Chinchorro and later agro-pastoral populations were not widely exposed to naturally elevated lead. 相似文献
8.
Precise 66Zn/64Zn and 68Zn/64Zn isotopic ratios of biochemical samples have been measured using multiple collector-ICP-mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). In order to eliminate the mass spectrometric interferences on Zn isotopes (e.g., 64Ni+ and 136Ba2+), we chemically purified the analyte using an ion chromatographic technique. The resulting precisions of the 66Zn/64Zn and 68Zn/64Zn ratio measurements were 0.05/1000 and 0.10/1000 (2SD), respectively, which were enough to detect the isotopic variation of Zn in nature. Red blood cell (RBC) samples were collected from five volunteers (four males and one female), including a series of 12 RBC samples from one person through monthly-based sampling over a year. These were analyzed to test possible seasonal changes and variations in 66Zn/64Zn and 68Zn/64Zn ratios among the individuals. The 66Zn/64Zn and 68Zn/64Zn ratios for a series of 12 RBC samples collected over a year were 0.43/1000 and 0.83/1000 higher than the values of highly purified Zn metal (JMC Zn), and no seasonal change could be found. The 66Zn/64Zn and 68Zn/64Zn ratios for RBC samples collected from five volunteers did not vary significantly. In order to investigate Zn isotopic heterogeneity in a human body, Zn isotopic ratios of a hair sample collected from one of the volunteers was also analyzed. The 66Zn/64Zn and 68Zn/64Zn ratios for the hair sample were 0.59/1000 and 1.14/1000 lower than the mean value of RBC samples. This result demonstrates that detectable isotopic fractionation occurs in the human body. The data obtained here suggest that the isotopic ratios of trace metals could provide new information about transportation of metal elements in vivo. 相似文献
9.
J. Bacsó 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1984,83(1):167-173
The Ca-concentration has been measured in daily shaven beard samples over a seven-year period. The Ca-concentration range in beard of single individuals is the same as that in the head hair of different groups. Inviduals belonging to the group with low Ca-level (Ca<700 ppm) in hair (endangered group from ischaemic heart diseases) may increase the Ca-level in their hair and get into the group with high Ca-level (Ca>700 ppm; defended group). 相似文献
10.
A procedure for copper and nickel determination in scalp hair by solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method was described. The hair samples (0.02 to 0.4 mg) were inserted directly on the platforms of solid sampling autosampler. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, atomization temperature, the amount of sample as well as addition of a modifier (Pd/Mg) and/or auxiliary digesting agents (hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid) and/or a surfactant (Triton X-100) on the determination of copper and nickel by solid sampling atomic absorption spectrometry were investigated. After optimization of parameters, the average recoveries of copper in two different certified reference hair samples were 105.7 and 97.6%. The recoveries of nickel in the both certified reference hair samples were in 95.2 and 96.4%. The limits of detection (3σ, N = 10) for copper and nickel were 22 ng/g and 35 ng/g, respectively. Heterogenous distribution of analyte in microscale for segmental analysis could be determined which is important to know that analyte quantity and time of poisoning of a person was exposed. For this purpose, 0.5 cm of pieces were cut along one or a few close strands and analyzed by solid sampling. This process could not be performed by wet-digestion method because 50 mg of sample is needed each time. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of copper and nickel concentrations in the hairs of different persons. 相似文献
11.
人工神经网络方法用于肺癌的辅助诊断 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
根据人发和血清中微量元素的含量,将人工神经网络(ANN)用于正常人与癌症患者的分类预测.用独立预测样本作了检验,表明该方法可作为肺癌诊断的一种辅助手段.讨论了当预测样本中有元素缺损时ANN的分类预测情况,并研究了人发和血清样品中的元素对分类预测的影响. 相似文献
12.
S. Ahmad A. Mannan I. H. Qureshi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1992,157(1):57-63
A radiochemical method for simultaneous determination of toxic elements (Hg, Cd and Sb) in biological materials has been developed. The procedure involves the irradiation of samples with thermal neutrons and quantitative one-step separation in 0.1M 4-(5-nonyl)pyridine/benzene from 2.0M hydrochloric acid followed by gamma-ray spectrometry. The procedure is applied for the analysis and to the studies of distribution of these elements in IAEA-RMs, human serum and hair samples. Results obtained are found to be in good agreement with those reported in the literature. 相似文献
13.
《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》1996,51(7):665-683
Direct analysis of solid samples employing a laboratory assembled electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer is demonstrated to be a feasible approach for determination of trace elements in plant tissue and hair samples for special applications in plant physiology and biomedical research. As an example, the kinetics of Cr uptake by cabbage and its distribution have been measured as a function of chromium speciation in the nutrient solution. Further, longitudinal concentration gradients of Cr, Pb and Cd have been measured in hair of various population groups exposed to different levels of these elements in ambient and/or occupational environments. The techniques are validated for the determination of these trace elements by neutron activation analysis, dissolution atomic absorption spectrometry and by analysis of certified reference materials. Slurry sample introduction is found appropriate for routine trace element determination and in homogeneity testing. Direct sample introduction is indispensable in the analysis of very small (< 1 mg) tissue biopsy samples in the determination of trace element distributions. 相似文献
14.
As part of a larger occupational exposure study in which the concentrations of 18 elements were measured in head hair and toenail collected from steel plant workers, a number of factors associated with interpreting the data obtained were examined. In this paper, some of the limitations and complications associated with hair and nail analysis that were thereby recognised are discussed. Data obtained from the occupational study demonstrated the potential for misinterpreting hair or nail analysis data either through describing results averaged over a group by arithmetic instead of geometric means or through not accounting for the age range of subjects in groups to be compared. Examples that arose from the study indicated that differences between hair from the same subjects grown at different times can both complicate and assist in interpreting hair analysis results. In an investigation into the addition and removal of metallic powders, it was found that both hair and nail can directly incorporate elements through contact with dust. 相似文献
15.
A. Imahori I. Fukushima S. Shiobara Y. Yanagida K. Tomura 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1979,52(1):167-180
Applying instrumental neutron activation analysis, multielement analysis of human hair was carried out to elucidate the levels
of various trace element concentrations in hair of local population in the Tokyo metropolitan area. 202 hair samples were
collected from the inhabitants classified by sex and five age groups. Using several combinations of irradiation time, cooling
time and counting time, forty elements were quantitatively analyzed. The method of analysis for data including samples under
detection limit is discussed, assuming that the frequanecy distribution of trace element contents in hair is log-normal. 相似文献
16.
Gemini surfactants are cationic lipids which are utilized for both in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. Structurally, they are comprised of two hydrophobic tail regions with polar head termini that are attached to one another through a spacer region. Structural elucidation and characterization of 29 novel diquaternary ammonium gemini surfactant molecules were achieved using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QqToF-MS) and a quadrupole-hexapole-quadrupole mass spectrometer (QhQ-MS). The tested compounds were categorized into four distinct structural families based upon the composition of the spacer region. Single stage (MS), tandem stage (MS/MS) and quasimulti-stage (quasi MS(3)) mass spectrometric analysis allowed for confirmation of each gemini surfactant's molecular composition and structure through the identification of common and unique product ions. Identification of similarities in the gemini surfactants' fragmentation behaviour resulted in the production of a universal fragmentation pathway that can assist in the future MS/MS analysis of novel quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants, with unique product ions being indicative of specific structural elements. Furthermore, evidence for the association of agemini surfactant with bromine counter ion was confirmed during MS analysis of tested gemini surfactants regardless of their chemical composition; previously, evidence for bromine and gemini surfactant association was only observed with compounds bearing short alkyl spacer regions. MS/MS analysis of the bromine adducts was also confirmatory to the molecular structure.Understanding the ionization and fragmentation behaviour of gemini surfactants, including bromine adducts, will allow for future qualitative and quantitative identification of these novel drug delivery agents within biological samples. 相似文献
17.
S. Ohmori H. Tsuji Y. Kusaka T. Takeuchi T. Hayashi J. Takada M. Koyama H. Kozuka M. Shinogi A. Aoki K. Katayama T. Tomiyama 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1981,63(2):269-282
With the aim of indicating environmental pollution effects by heavy metals on humans using hair, nondestructive activation
analysis was applied to 382 normal Japanese hair samples (background level). Elemental contents of hair could be determined
for Ag, Al, As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Ti, V and Zn. As these elements
in hair have wide concentration ranges, the differences in concentrations distribution between groups (sex, age, permanent
treatment and regional difference) are discussed. A method for hair sampling is presented. 相似文献
18.
E. Lanzel 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1980,58(1-2):347-357
During the last few years human scalp hair, a horny fibrous derivative of the skin, became well recognized as an invaluable tissue for monitoring human environmental exposure. The sequential accumulation of a number of elements in particular (growth rate of hair strands ca 0.3 mm/day), the fact that the concentrations of trace elements in hair are at least an order of magnitude greater than in the body fluids and other accessible tissues, as well as the simple obtainment and the easy preparation of the specimen, reveal the advantages of this test material. Therefore systematic analyses of concentrations and distribution of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, mercury, bromium and zinc in hair samples obtained from population groups of four Austrian provinces (Bundesländer) were accomplished by INAA. The selection of those regions are based on the distinct economic structure caused by the geographical location as well as the heterogenous geological structure of the country. 相似文献
19.
Instrumental neutron activation analysis /INAA/ was applied to measure trace elements in head hair of 19 patients with impaired renal function /14 males and 5 females/ and of 40 normal individuals /20 males and 20 females/. It was the aim to use head hair as a possible indicator of total body trace elements status and to investigate whether significant changes occur as a result of chronic hemodialysis. The elemental concentrations of 20 elements /i.e. Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Ag, Cd, Sb, I and Au/ are presented and compared with published data. The present study revealed that the hair of the dialysis patients contained about ten times more iodine than that of the control group. No significant differences were observed for the other elements measured, except for sodium and antimony. 相似文献
20.
I. Obrusník O. Skřivánek M. Umlaufová V. Hovorka 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1985,89(2):561-570
Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been performed on human head hair of newborns and mothers sampled in two areas with a different level of environmental exposure. The group of neonates from the exposed area (polluted by thermal power plants burning brown coal and by chemical industry) has exhibited higher levels of several trace elements in hair, e.g. Se, Zn, Hg and Sb in comparison with the control group. Moreover, the mean concentrations of Se, Hg, Zn and Br in neonate hair have been found to be higher than in mothers hair. Although the study revealed statistically significant differences in the composition of neonate hair sampled in areas with different levels of environmental exposure, the differences are relatively small. Only a thorough long-term study both with environmental and medical observations can prove a direct connection of the elevated levels of some trace elements in neonate hair with the higher frequency of mental diseases of children living in the exposed area. 相似文献