含硫液体烃燃料水蒸气重整制氢I．Pt／Ce0．8Gd0．2O1．9催化剂的制备、表征和抗硫性能

以柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成的具有萤石结构的Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9（CGO）复合氧化物为载体，用初湿浸润法制备了负载型Pt催化剂．纯异辛烷的重整反应结果显示，600和800℃焙烧的催化剂达到了热力学平衡转化，1000℃焙烧会导致Pt的聚集和氧化物的严重烧结，因而催化剂活性较差．抗硫测试表明，800℃焙烧的催化剂抗硫性能最好，在300μg／g硫存在下，100h内异辛烷均接近完全转化；在500μg／g硫存在下催化剂仍表现出良好抗硫性能．程序升温还原和X射线分析结果显示．800℃焙烧时Pt与CGO载体间的相互作用最强，同时催化剂具有良好的热稳定性，这是催化剂具有抗硫性能并且抗硫作用持久的根本原因．反应条件下噻吩硫完全转化成H2S，硫的转化可能是通过氧化-还原机理进行的．     

钙钛矿SrFe1-xMnxO3催化剂:共沉淀法制备及催化甲烷燃烧的性能

通过共沉淀法制备了SrFe1-xMnxO3钙钛矿催化剂。用XRD、TPR和TG-DSC技术对催化剂进行了物理性能表征,以甲烷催化燃烧为目标反应表征其催化性能,通过BET模型计算了其比表面积,通过阿伦尼乌斯方程计算了反应的表观活化能。结果表明用共沉淀法制备钙钛矿催化剂经700℃焙烧4 h后可以形成完整的钙钛矿晶型,样品都具有高的催化性能,但随着锰离子的掺杂,催化剂活性明显提高,其中SrMnO3催化剂具有较高甲烷催化燃烧活性,起燃温度T10%为435℃,至457℃甲烷完全转化。     

空气或氮氧化物气氛下Ag/LaCoO3上的碳黑燃烧性能

碳黑颗粒是柴油机尾气固体污染物的主要成分,是大气污染中的主要颗粒状污染物.消除碳黑颗粒物的有效方式之一是在尾气排放前安装柴油机颗粒物过滤器.然而,尾气排放温度远远低于碳黑燃烧温度,在过滤器上使用碳黑氧化催化剂能够明显降低碳黑的燃烧温度,防止过滤器堵塞.钙钛矿类催化剂由于具有良好的储氧能力,高活性的晶相氧有利于碳黑燃烧过程中气相氧和晶相氧的转换,具有较高的活性和结构稳定性,从而受到广泛关注.本课题组曾先后对LaKNiMnOx和LaMO3(M=Fe,Co,Cu)等钙钛矿体系的碳黑燃烧性能进行了系统研究,其中La-CoO3及掺杂的LaCoO3基钙钛矿在碳黑催化燃烧中表现了较高的催化活性.然而担载型钙钛矿催化剂在该领域的应用很少有报道.银基催化剂由于具有较高的低温氧活化能力在碳黑燃烧反应中具有较高的催化活性,Kiyoshi Yamazaki等发现在银表面吸附的氧物种能够迁移到银与载体的界面,并可以进一步迁移到碳黑表面氧化碳黑,但是载体的选择对催化活性有较大影响,具有较高储氧能力和氧离子传输能力的CeO2和ZrO2载体上负载银催化剂的碳黑燃烧性能明显高于以Al2O3为载体的催化剂.为了进一步提高LaCoO3基钙钛矿的碳黑氧化性能,本文结合LaCoO3基钙钛矿和银基催化剂的特点,以LaCoO3为载体制备了负载型银催化剂,考察了Ag/LaCoO3催化剂结构和催化性能随焙烧温度的变化,并对银物种分布及催化作用进行了讨论.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和碳黑程序升温还原(soot-TPR)等表征手段研究了银物种分布及影响催化剂结构和催化活性的原因.XRD测试结果表明,经过800℃焙烧的LaCoO3催化剂具有钙钛矿结构,并有少量Co3O4,银担载在LaCoO3催化剂上,经400 ℃焙烧后XRD测试检测到Ag的特征峰,说明银物种主要为单质银而不是以氧化物形式存在.随着焙烧温度的升高(400-700℃),Ag的衍射峰减弱,同时Co3O4的衍射峰消失,说明在热处理过程中银物种发生了迁移,从表面逐渐迁移进入钙钛矿结构,进而影响Co物种的分布.继续升高焙烧温度(750-800℃),由于高温烧结,部分银物种从钙钛矿结构中析出,钴物种也发生重新分布,Co3O4的衍射峰出现.XPS结果表明银物种主要为Ag0,钴物种主要为低价钴离子,Ag/LaCoO3催化剂具有较高的吸附氧浓度.Soot-TPR结果表明,表面单质银的存在有利于活化气相氧,Ag物种进入钙钛矿的晶胞增加了氧缺陷有助于气相氧和晶相氧的转移,Ag/LaCoO3催化剂能够在低温下完全氧化碳黑.低温焙烧的Ag/LaCoO3表面形成的大量吸附氧物种是其高活性的原因.在空气气氛和NOx气氛下考察了该系列催化剂上碳黑的催化燃烧性能,发现银的担载使LaCoO3钙钛矿催化活性显著提高,在空气气氛下碳黑燃烧最大速率对应温度(Tp)降低了50-70℃,碳黑燃烧性能与催化剂的低温还原性相关.在NOx气氛下,银在低温下的高活化氧能力使碳黑燃烧温度进一步降低,其中在Ag/LaCoO3-400催化剂上碳黑的燃烧温度降低了140℃.以Ag/LaCoO3-700催化剂为例,考察了在NOx气氛下碳黑燃烧性能的稳定性,发现该催化经历3次循环实验后没有明显的失活且其结构稳定.     

SrCeFeNiO6催化剂的制备及其催化甲烷燃烧性能研究

采用共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法和水热法制备了双钙钛矿型催化剂SrCeFeNiO₆,其结构和性能经X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、比表面积测定(BET)、热重分析(TG-DSC)和甲烷燃烧活性测试表征。结果表明：3种方法制备的催化剂经800 ℃焙烧4 h后均可形成完整的双钙钛矿晶型,催化性能和高温稳定性较好。其中,采用共沉淀法制备的SrCeFeNiO₆催化剂催化甲烷燃烧活性最好,起燃温度T_10℃为432 ℃,完全转换温度T_90℃为582 ℃,比表面积为15.4 m²·g^-1,活化能为43.4 kJ·mol^-1。     

Fe、Mn掺杂六铝酸镧的微乳液制法及性能研究

以TX-100/正己醇/环己烷组成的反相微乳液为媒介,采用反相微乳 共沉淀法制备系列金属掺杂的六铝酸镧催化剂。用BET、XRD进行物性表征, 以甲烷燃烧为探针反应考察了催化剂的催化活性。结果表明,反相微乳液合成催化剂的最佳成晶温度可降至1100℃。 LaMx Al12－x O19－α 中M的最佳掺杂数为1(x1)。单金属Mn的存在可以降低甲烷的起燃温度,使催化剂具有良好的低温活性;单金属Fe掺杂的六铝酸镧催化剂具有较低的完全转化温度;而Fe、Mn共同掺杂的LaMnFeAl-10O19－α催化剂具有低、高温活性和高温稳定性。100h稳定性运转的转化率始终保持在99.7％,无失活现象。     

钡改性的Ni/γ- Al2O3催化剂用于甲烷部分氧化的研究

800 ℃、80 000 h－1、CH4/O2/N2=14/7/79下比较了质量分数20%的Ni/γ- Al2O3和Ba改性的Ni/γ- Al2O3催化剂，用于甲烷部分氧化反应的活性和选择性。结果表明，Ba的添加提高了镍基催化剂的活性和稳定性。BET和XRD表明，Ba的加入有利于高温焙烧下抑制大颗粒的Ni Al2O4的形成，保持了高比例的活性镍组分，提高了催化剂催化活性。常压下，xCH4接近100%，sCO、sH2达到92.2%和98.1%，催化剂15 h内活性稍微下降。Ba的加入使Al2O3的晶型转化温度由800 ℃提高到900 ℃，提高了载体的稳定性。     

环己酮肟在改性氧化锆催化剂上的Beckmann重排反应Ⅴ.活化焙烧温度对B2O3/ZrO2催化剂的影响

 采用BET，XRD，TG－DTA，FT－IR，XPS和NH3－TPD等分析手段，研究了活化焙烧温度（500～800℃）对B2O3／ZrO2催化剂织构／结构、表面性质和环己酮肟气相重排反应的影响．催化剂活化焙烧温度升高促进了ZrO2向单斜晶相转化，同时活性组分氧化硼由以BO4为主要结构单元的物种转变为以BO3为基本结构单元的B2O3，导致催化剂比表面积、孔体积以及表面酸量减小，ZrO2与B2O3之间的相互作用减弱．700℃活化焙烧的催化剂表面拥有最大比例的中强酸中心，而且Beckmann反应的活性稳定性最高．这些结果表明，活化焙烧温度对B2O3／ZrO2催化剂上气相重排反应的影响主要是通过改变催化剂中B原子的配位状态和表面酸性实现的．     

高热稳定性Cu-Mn-O催化燃烧催化剂的制备

采用共沉淀法制备Cu-Mn-O前驱体, 以水洗和醇洗的方式去除杂质, 在空气气氛下干燥焙烧获得催化剂. 用BET、 XRD、 SEM对此催化剂的比表面积、晶相结构以及颗粒形貌进行了表征, 并以甲苯催化燃烧为探针反应考察了催化剂的性能. 结果表明, 在500 ℃焙烧, Cu-Mn-O催化剂的比表面积可以达到67.9 m2/g, 颗粒尺寸在100 nm左右并高度分散. 与水洗样品相比, 醇洗样品的活性相CuMn2O4热稳定性得到较大提高, 经700 ℃焙烧的Cu-Mn-O上甲苯完全燃烧温度降低了60 ℃;800 ℃焙烧后, 甲苯完全燃烧温度降低了约50 ℃.     

Cu-Mn-Ce/γ-Al2O3汽车尾气净化催化材料的合成及性能的研究

采用固定床反应装置，模拟汽车尾气的组成成分，以CO氧化和NH3选择还原NO为探针反应，研究了焙烧温度和焙烧时间等因素对复合金属氧化物催化材料Cu-Mn-Ce-O／γ-Al2O3的催化活性的影响，并考察了该催化剂的抗硫化中毒性能。在本研究条件下，焙烧温度在700℃左右，焙烧时间为2．5h时，催化剂对NO-CO体系中CO的氧化率在76％，以上，对NH3-NO体系中的NO的最佳催化还原率在80％以上。催化剂在3．O％S02／空气气氛中强制中毒后，其在NH3-NO气氛中的最佳反应温度．450℃，同样条件下未中毒催化剂的最佳反应温度为350℃左右，并且催化剂中毒后对NO—NH3的最大转化率没有下降，但是对NO-CO体系的反应活性明显下降，说明该催化剂具有良好的高温活性和抗硫中毒性能。     

微乳法制备Au／Fe2O3水煤气变换反应催化剂 Ⅰ．制备参数对催化剂活性的影响

 分别在TritonX－100／正己醇／环己烷／水和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）／正己醇／水的W／O型微乳液体系中合成了Au／Fe2O3催化剂，考察了主要制备参数对催化剂水煤气变换活性的影响．结果表明，催化剂的焙烧温度、水与表面活性剂的质量比（rw）、表面活性剂浓度（W）、表面活性剂种类及催化剂活性组分金的负载量均对催化剂活性有显著的影响．催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为250℃，催化活性随着rw和W的增加而降低，由TritonX－100制得的催化剂的活性高于由CTAB制得的催化剂．当金负载量为3％，水煤气变换反应温度为200℃时，CO的转化率可达99．5％．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.