The first bisgermylene,its synthesis and addition to organic halides and dihalides

The first bisgermylene with an acyclic structure was synthesized for the first time by one-pot, two-step ligand substitution reactions from the 1,4-dioxane complex of germanium dichloride. The reactions of the bisgermylene with organic halides gave corresponding oxidative addition products, and with organic dihalides gave oligomeric polyadditon products.     

Reactions of novel mono- and difluoroacetyltrialkylsilanes with sulfur and phosphorus ylides

The reactions of difluoroacetyltrialkylsilanes with methylidene triphenylphosphorane and benzylidene triphenylphosphorane are affected by the nature of the silyl substituents giving either the enol silyl ether or normal Wittig product exclusively, or mixture of both. Reactions with Horner-Emmons type ylide gave only the alkene products. Reactions of mono- and difluoroacetyltrialkylsilanes with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide gave the enol silyl ether products exclusively. Conversion of an enol silyl ether to an epoxide was effected with m-CPBA.     

Photolysis of diazocyclopentadiene : Reactivity of cyclopentadienylidene in sulfides and ethers

Photolysis of diazocyclopentadiene in the presence of dimethyl, diethyl and tetramethylene sulfides gave the corresponding sulfonium cyclopentadienylide. But the ylides from diisopropyl and di-t-butyl sulfides were unstable, and the reaction mixture gave the CH and CS insertion products of cyclopentadienylidene and olefin elimination products. Reaction of diazocyclopentadiene in ethers gave the CH insertion and some CO insertion products. For diethyl ether, the insertion ratio into secondary and primary CH bonds was 19:1. For tetrahydrofuran, both α and β-CH insertion products were observed in ratio of 3:0. Photolysis of diazocyclopentadiene in allylic ethers gave the addition product of the carbene to the double bond, but in allylic sulfides gave both CS insertion and addition products of the carbene.     

Synthesis of 1-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-indole-3-carbaldehyde and its reaction with active methylene compounds

Treatment of indole-3-carbaldehyde with epichlorohydrin gave 1-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carb-aldehyde, reaction of which with 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid or malononitrile gave crotonic condensation products with retention of the oxirane ring. The structure of the reaction products with aroylglycines depends on the conditions. In acetic anhydride a simultaneous formation of an oxazolone ring and bisacylation of the oxirane fragment occurs; the use of ethyl chloroformate in the presence of triethylamine allows to carry out only the heterocyclization process. When treated with the cyclic amines (N-methylpiperazine or morpholine) opening of the oxazolone ring in the products occurs with formation of the corresponding amides.     

4-甲酰基-2,2,5,5-四甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮与胺的缩合产物及其性质

全取代的呋喃酮[Ⅰ]易与胺类发生缩合反应,生成相应的插烯式酰胺,与甲胺在不同溶剂中可得单分子或双分子缩合产物。这类缩合产物不能用碘甲烷,重氮甲烷甲基化;用过氧化氢氧化得到少一碳原子的二元酸;与乙酰乙酸乙酯作用生成吡啶衍生物;与格氏试剂作用,发生类似于α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的1,4-加成反应,生成产物业经合成方法证明。     

Acylation des β-énaminoesters: Regio et stéréoformation des β-énaminoesters N- ou C-acylés

The reaction of acyl chlorides with cyclic five-membered β-enaminoesters gave exclusively N-acylated products while reaction of acyl chlorides with cyclic seven-membered β-enaminoesters gave only C-acylated products. In the case of cyclic six-membered β-enaminoesters, the reaction of acyl chlorides gave a mixture of N-acylated and C-acylated products.     

Extremely Efficient Chiral Induction in Conjugate Additions of p-Tolyl alpha-Lithio-beta-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl Sulfoxide and Subsequent Electrophilic Trapping Reactions

Reaction of p-tolyl alpha-lithio-beta-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl sulfoxide with alpha,beta-unsaturated esters gave the conjugate addition products as a single diastereomer. The intermediate enolates were subsequently trapped with various alkyl halides or aldehydes to give the products with extremely high stereoselectivity. The reaction with alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones also proceeded with high diastereoselectivity. Protolysis of the enolates derived from the alpha-methyl-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters gave the products with high stereoselectivity. The stereo- and regioselective elimination of the sulfinyl group gave chiral homoallylic carboxylates.     

Reactions of (arene)tricarbonylchromium stabilized carbocations with aromatics and β-dicarbonyl compounds

Primary and secondary benzylic carbocations, stabilized by a tricarbonyl-chromium group, gave coupling products with several aromatics or β-dicarbonyl compounds in good yield and this reaction presents a new synthetic method for carbon-carbon bond formation. The chromium complexes of tertiary benzyl alcohols gave dehydrated products without carbon-carbon coupling products under similar conditions.     

Reaction of arylsulfonylhydrazones of aldehydes with alpha-magnesio sulfones. A novel olefin synthesis

Reactions of representative tosylhydrazones of aldehydes and ketones with alpha-metalated sulfones were examined in order to develop a practical olefination method. Treatment of aldehyde tosylhydrazone 2 with an excess of alpha-lithiated methyl phenyl or dimethyl sulfones yielded 3a. The reaction of 2 with sterically unhindered lithiated alkyl sulfones gave mixtures of the respective olefination products 3b-d along with the Shapiro fragmentation product 4. Sterically hindered lithiated sulfones afforded Shapiro products exclusively. In contrast, aldehyde tosylhydrazones 2 or 6 in reactions with a variety of alpha-magnesio primary or secondary alkyl sulfones gave olefination products 3a-j and 7a-c in high yields (Tables 1 and 2). beta-Branched alkyl sulfones afforded predominantly (E)-alkenes, whereas unhindered primary sulfones gave mixtures of (E)- and (Z)-alkenes with low selectivity. Reaction of the 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazone (trisylhydrazone) of cyclodecanone 11c with alpha-magnesio methyl phenyl sulfone afforded the methylidene derivative 12a contaminated with the Shapiro product 13. Tosylhydrazone 2 resisted reaction with i-PrMgCl and gave only a small amount of the addition product in reaction with Bu(2)Mg. Some mechanistic aspects of the reaction of tosylhydrazones with organomagnesium compounds are discussed.     

Indium-mediated radical cyclization of iodoalkenes and iodoalkynes with and without allylic and propargylic leaving groups

Upon treatment with In and I₂, mono-substituted alkenes having an iodine substituent at the δ-position of the tether gave the corresponding iodinated cyclic compounds, whereas di- and tri-substituted alkenes gave the corresponding hydroxylated cyclic compounds. Alkenes bearing leaving groups at the allylic position were transformed only to the corresponding vinyl substituted cyclic compounds. On the other hand, alkynes bearing good leaving groups at the propargylic position gave allenic products selectively.     

Rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition of diynes with unfunctionalized alkenes

A chiral rhodium complex catalyzed an enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition of unsymmetrical diynes with norbornene, and tetracyclic products were obtained in good to excellent ee. The cycloaddition of a symmetrical diyne with styrene derivatives as coupling partners gave bicyclic products in good ee.     

Lewis acid-promoted cyclization of heteroatom-substituted enynes

Lewis acid-promoted cyclizations of heteroatom-substituted enynes have been examined. The reaction of enynes and bearing silicon substituents on an alkyne afforded the halogenated five-membered gamma-lactones and gamma-lactams as the main products. The reaction of substrates and having 2-phosphonoacrylate instead of malonate also gave halogenated five-membered cyclic compounds and as the major products. The cyclized products are highly substituted and potentially useful for further synthetic transformations.     

Photolysis of oxygen saturated ethers in the presence of Sn(Ⅱ) or Cu(Ⅱ) salts

Photolysis of diethyl ether-oxygen charge transfer complex in the presence of Sn(Ⅱ)or Cu(Ⅱ)salts gave higher yields of the oxidation products,ethyl acetate,acetaldehyde,ethanol,ethyl formate and methanol compared with those without the salts.In addition,the photolysis of an oxygen saturated te-trahydrofuran(THF)or dibutyl ether solution gave y-butyro-lactone or butanol and butyl butyrate as major products with small amounts of undetermined compounds,respectively.Their yields were also affected by the addition of Cu(Ⅱ)or Sn(Ⅱ)salts.     

Reaction Of β,γ-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids With Thallium Triacetate (Tta): Lactonization VS Oxidative Decarboxylation

The reaction of six β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids with thallium triacetate (TTA) was studied. The nature of the products is highly sensitive to the substitution pattern of the substrates. Aliphatic acids gave mainly lactones, while those bearing an aromatic ring furnished only decarboxylation products.     

Heterocycles. 9. 2-Aryl-2H-1,4-tetrahydrooxazines

Reaction of 2-bromo-1-phenylethanones with diethanolamine gave 2-hydroxymorpholines. Acetylation gave mono or diacetates. Acid catalyzed dehydrations gave several types of products whose structures are discussed.     

Mechanisms of the Photochemical Rearrangement of Diphenyl Ethers

The mechanism of the photochemical rearrangement of diphenyl ether (1a) was studied. Irradiation of 1a in ethanol gave 2-phenylphenol (2, 42%) and 4-phenylphenol (3, 11%) as rearrangement products, in addition to phenol (4, 30%) and benzene (5, 25%) as diffusion products. Cross-coupling experiments employing [(2)H(10)]1a demonstrated that the formation of 2- and 4-phenylphenol was an intramolecular process. Irradiation of 1a in benzene or in toluene gave biphenyls in good yields. The combined yields of rearrangement products (2and 3) increased with increase of solvent viscosity, with a concomitant decrease in the formation of 4. All the results can be rationalized in terms of excitation of 1a to the singlet state and dissociation to a radical pair intermediate involving phenoxy and phenyl radicals. Intramolecular recombination of these radicals gives rearrangement products, and escape followed by hydrogen abstraction from the solvent gives diffusion products. When position 4 of 1a was occupied by an electron-donating substituent (1b-e), aryloxy-phenyl bond cleavage to give the corresponding rearrangement products prevailed over phenoxy-aryl bond cleavage. The opposite was the case for substrates with an electron-withdrawing substituent at position 4 (1h,i).     

Diastereo‐ and Regioselective Addition of Thioamide Dianions to Imines and Aziridines: Synthesis of N‐Thioacyl‐1,2‐diamines and N‐Thioacyl‐1,3‐diamines

Addition reactions of thioamide dianions that were derived from N‐arylmethyl thioamides to imines and aziridines were carried out. The reactions of imines gave the addition products of N‐thioacyl‐1,2‐diamines in a highly diastereoselective manner in good‐to‐excellent yields. The diastereomeric purity of these N‐thioacyl‐1,2‐diamines could be enriched by simple recrystallization. The reduction of N‐thioacyl‐1,2‐diamines with LiAlH₄ gave their corresponding 1,2‐diamines in moderate‐to‐good yields with retention of their stereochemistry. The oxidative‐desulfurization/cyclization of an N‐thioacyl‐1,2‐diamine in CuCl₂/O₂ and I₂/pyridine systems gave the cyclized product in moderate yield and the trans isomer was obtained as the sole product. On the other hand, a similar cyclization reaction with antiformin (aq. NaClO) as an oxidant gave the cis isomer as the major product. The reactions of N‐tosylaziridines gave the addition products of N‐thioacyl‐1,3‐diamines with low diastereoselectivity but high regioselectivity and in good‐to‐excellent yields. The use of AlMe₃ as an additive improved the efficiency and regioselectivity of the reaction. The stereochemistry of the obtained products was determined by X‐ray diffraction.     

Highly dispersed nano-copper catalyst on porous polyvinyl chloride for highly regioselective borylation of alkynes

We developed a highly regioselective synthesis of multi-substituted alkenylboronates via a heterogeneous ligand-free nano-copper catalyst that was highly dispersed and supported on the porous polyvinyl chloride. In this catalytic system, substituents on the terminal alkynes could affect the configuration of products. Terminal alkynes and general internal alkynes gave β-selective borylation products, whereas heteroatom-substituted alkynes like alkynamides, thioacetylenes, and ynol ethers gave α-selective borylation products in good chemical yields with exclusive regioselectivity.     

Ring-expansion of thioacetal ring via bicyclosulfonium ylide. Effect Of protic nucleophile on ylide intermediate

The reaction of 2-(3-diazo-2-oxopropane-1-yl)-2-methyldithiolane 9a, 2-(4-diazo-3-oxobutane-2-yl)-2-methyldithiolane 9c, and 2-(3-diazo-2-oxopropane-1-yl)-2-methyl-1,3-dithiane 9b with Rh(2)(OAc)(4) gave three-carbon ring-expansion products dithiocan-2-en-1-ones 13a, 13c and dithionan-2-en-1-one 13b, respectively. 2-(5-Diazo-4-oxopentyl)-2-methyldithiolane 9e also gave the five-carbon ring-expansion products dithionan-3-en-1-one 13e and 5-methylenedithionane-1-one 13'e. On the other hand, reaction of 2-(4-diazo-3-oxobutyl)-2-methyldithiolane 9d in the presence of AcOH gave the four-carbon ring-expansion product 16d substituted by an acetoxyl group. In addition, the reaction of 2-(3-diazo-2-oxopropyl)-2-methyl-3-oxathiolane 9f in the absence of AcOH gave 4-oxa-7-thiocan-2-en-1-one 19 via a sulfonium ylide intermediate, whereas, in the presence of AcOH, an alternative regioisomer 20 was also formed competitively with 19 via an oxonium ylide intermediate.     

2-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂的基态和激发态反应的研究 II:2-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂的光异构化和Fries重排

2-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(2a-2d)在苯溶液中光照生成相应的2,4-异构化产物3a-3d,其中2a和2d同时还生成双键位移产物4a和4d.4a经碱性醇解生成一对2, 4-异构体2b和3b.2-甲基-4-芳酰氧基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(2e-2g)在苯中光照主要经Fries重排生成2-甲基-3-芳酰基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂-4(5H)-酮(5e-5g).同时还生成少量2,4-异构化产物2-芳酰氧基-4-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(3e-3g).但2-甲基-4-烷基酰氧基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(2i,2j)在相同条件下光照只生成2,4-异构化产物-2-烷基酰氧基-4-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(3i,3j).2-甲基-4-对硝基苯甲酰氧基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(2h)可发生热Fries重排,生成2-甲基-3-对硝基苯甲酰基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂-4(5H)-酮(5h).化学和光谱数据证明5e-5h和6e-6h为互变异构体.