On the development of plasma relativistic microwave oscillator without strong magnetic field

A method for generating microwave pulses with a power of ～1 GW and a frequency controlled in a band from 2 to 15 GHz during the interaction of relativistic electrons with plasma without strong magnetic field is proposed in the numerical model. The combination of a broadband plasma relativistic microwave oscillator and a monochromatic magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) allows the development of a device combining advantages of both prototypes.     

基于铁氧体传输线的脉冲陡化技术仿真研究北大核心CSCD

铁氧体传输线的脉冲陡化技术能够实现高频高功率快前沿脉冲输出,且具有固态化和紧凑化优点,已广泛应用于高功率微波源。关于铁氧体传输线脉冲陡化特性的仿真计算缺乏较为精确的模型,因此利用COMSOL仿真软件建立了铁氧体传输线仿真模型,考虑电磁波传播与磁芯磁化进动之间的相互影响,将Maxwell方程与Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)方程结合进行仿真计算,与实验结果进行对比验证了仿真模型的准确性。再在此模型基础上,研究了不同传输线长度、不同电压幅值,以及不同外加偏置磁场对脉冲波形的影响。结果表明:脉冲前沿随传输线长度的增大及电压幅值的增大而减小;外加偏置磁场对脉冲前沿有影响,选择合适的外加偏置磁场可以实现最小脉冲前沿输出。     

Model of a microwave beam coupling to CO2 laser plasma

We have designed a transmission line model of the microwave coupling mechanism for a microwave pumped CO₂ laser. The model is a total loss ridge waveguide transmission line having nonuniform impedance. The laser plasma is modeled as a frequency-dependent lossy dielectric and acts as a distributed resistance in the length of the microwave cavity. The coupling structure of the microwaves is designed not to be resonant at the microwave source frequency of 2.45 GHz at 1 kW and propagating the total microwave field energy to be absorbed without internal reflection. An exact solution to this general transmission line propagation constant for a shunt resistance along length of the guide is found. The measurements and predictions of the parameters of the plasma conductivity as a function of the attenuation constant agree closely.     

平面磁绝缘线振荡器的作用机理及模拟设计

针对当前高功率微波(HPM)中的热点器件磁绝缘线振荡器(MILO) 频率低、效率低等问题,提出了一种可以沿x方向平面展开的平面MILO。该器件也是一种低阻抗高功率微波器件,通过一个低外加磁场来代替常规MILO中的磁绝缘电流,辅助实现器件的磁绝缘,从而实现器件效率的提高。结合PIC模拟,建立一个外加低磁场的C波段平面MILO,并根据其慢波结构(平面折绉表面)特点给出相应的色散曲线,确定微波器件工作点,利用2.5维全电磁粒子模拟软件对其进行数值模拟,在输入为4.0 GW电功率(工作电压约800 kV)的条件下,模拟得到频率为6.56 GHz的微波输出,通过优化外加磁场,使得模拟微波输出功率达到1.22 GW,功率效率在C波段条件下超过30%。     

Surface magnetic anisotropy in glass-coated amorphous microwires as determined from ferromagnetic resonance measurements

The ferromagnetic resonance frequency of different Co base glass-coated amorphous magnetic microwires about 3.5 μm in diameter with negative, vanishing and positive magnetostriction has been investigated from power absorption measurements in the microwave frequency range. The experimental technique employed here involves the replacement of the dielectric of a coaxial transmission line by the sample to be measured. From the evolution of the resonance frequency with DC applied magnetic field, the surface magnetic anisotropy field of the microwires has been quantitatively obtained and, as expected, found to depend on the sign and strength of the magnetostriction. Similar values for the surface anisotropy are obtained in comparison with bulk anisotropy as determined from quasi-static hysteresis loops measurements.     

Optimization of the parameters of a virtual-cathode oscillator with an inhomogeneous magnetic field

A two-dimensional numerical model is used to study the generation of powerful microwave radiation in a vircator with an inhomogeneous magnetic field applied to focus a beam. The characteristics of the external inhomogeneous magnetic field are found to strongly affect the vircator generation characteristics. Mathematical optimization is used to search for the optimum parameters of the magnetic periodic focusing system of the oscillator in order to achieve the maximum power of the output microwave radiation. The dependences of the output vircator power on the characteristics of the external inhomogeneous magnetic field are studied near the optimum control parameters. The physical processes that occur in optimized virtual cathode oscillators are investigated.     

Ferromagnetic resonance in arrays of highly anisotropic nanoparticles

We present in this study computational simulations of the ferromagnetic resonance response of magnetic nanoparticles with a uniaxial anisotropy considerably larger than the microwave excitation frequency (in field units). The particles are assumed to be randomly oriented in a two dimensional lattice, and are coupled by dipolar interactions through an effective demagnetization field, which is proportional to the packing fraction. We have included in the model fluctuations in the anisotropy field (H_K) and allowed variations in the demagnetizing field. We then analyzed the line shape and line intensity as a function of both fields. We have found that when H_K is increased the line shape changes drastically, with a structure of two lines appearing at high fields. The line intensity has a maximum when H_K equals the frequency gap and decreases considerably for larger values of the anisotropy. The effects of fluctuations in H_K and variations in the packing fraction have been also studied. Comparison with experimental data shows that the overall observed behavior is dominated by the particles with lower anisotropy.     

Selected aspects of the quantum dynamics and electronic structure of atoms in magnetic microtraps

We analyze the quantum properties of atoms in a magnetic quadrupole field. The quantum dynamics of ground state atoms in this field configuration is studied firstly. We formulate the Hamiltonian and perform a symmetry analysis. Due to the particular shape of the quadrupole field in general there exist no stable states. We provide resonance energies, lifetimes and calculate the density of states and investigate under what conditions quasi-bound states occur that possess long lifetimes. An effective scalar Schrödinger equation describing such states is derived. As a next step we explore the influence of a high gradient quadrupole field on the electronic structure of excited atoms. An effective one-body approach together with the fixed nucleus approximation is employed in order to derive the electronic Hamiltonian. We present the energy spectrum and discuss peculiar features such as non-trivial spin densities and magnetic field induced electric dipole moments.     

Relativistic backward-wave tube with mechanically tunable generation frequency over a 14% range

A tunable-frequency low-magnetic-field relativistic microwave oscillator is realized experimentally based on a relativistic backward-wave tube with a modulating resonance reflector. The generated frequency is tuned mechanically by moving the oscillator slow-wave structure relative to the reflector. At fixed parameters of the corrugations and of the electron bunch, a frequency tuning range of about 14% measured between −3-dB (relative to the maximum peak generated microwave power) points is realized. The maximum pulse power of 3.4 ± 0.7 GW was obtained at a carrier frequency of 3.65 GHz in a magnetic field of 0.44 T.     

Investigation of an S-Band Tapered Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line Oscillator

We present an improved structure of the tapered magnetically insulated transmission fine oscillator （MILO）. Simulation results show that this structure can obtain more microwave power with higher efficiency. Studies indicate that the distance between the load support legs and the last vane can affect the operation characteristics of this device. In the experiments, we obtain microwave with peak power of 2 GW, frequency of 2.63 GHz, and mode TMol. The beam to microwave power efficiency is 11%.     

向内发射磁绝缘振荡器

提出了一种向内发射磁绝缘振荡器,并给出了微波轴向提取的方法。这种新型结构通过外置阴极、内置阳极,使参与束波作用的轮辐电流通过阳极回流提供了自磁绝缘的角向磁场,有提高器件效率的可能。而外置阴极使阴极的发射面积增大,发射电流密度减小,有利于延长阴极寿命。通过粒子模拟,得到了几何参数与磁绝缘线振荡器输出功率的关系。在电压890 kV,电流56.1 kA下,输出功率为3.6 GW,频率为8.2GHz。     

A study of the microwave dielectric permittivity of liquid crystals in electric and magnetic fields

A microwave detector based on a self-sustained oscillator circuit is proposed as a means to investigate the real and imaginary components of the dielectric permittivity of liquid crystals in external electric and magnetic fields. Results are given for measurements of a 500 MHz oscillator frequency for two types of nematic crystals, 5CBP and MBBA. Fundamental regularities are identified in the behavior of the microwave dielectric permittivity of samples in electric and magnetic fields. It is shown that the minimum of the high-frequency dielectric loss in liquid crystals correspond to a situation in which the long axes of the molecules are oriented parallel to the direction of the microwave electric field. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 117–121 (January 1998)     

Evidence of a new pulse-shortening mechanism in a load-limited MILO

Experimental evidence shows that the electron flow in a load-limited magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is only partially magnetically insulated at the launch point, yet fully insulated along the downstream slow-wave structure (SWS). This results in a microwave pulse duration substantially less than that of the beam. Computer simulations suggest that anode plasma formation is responsible for this pulse shortening and are able to replicate key features of the experimental data     

Quantum fluctuations in a distributed Josephson junction and the spectral properties of Josephson oscillators

Within the framework of a tunneling Hamiltonian, we obtain an equation for the reduced density matrix to describe quasiclassical dynamics and fluctuation effects in distributed Josephson junctions for voltages comparable with the superconducting gap. For quasiclassical dynamics, we derive the Langevin equation describing in a self-consistent way the resistive state and fluctuations due to both the tunneling current and the electromagnetic field. Current-voltage characteristics of a Josephson oscillator are calculated in the high magnetic field approximation. The intensity and shape of the spectral line of radiation due to vortices moving in a distributed Josephson junction are found.     

Possible negative refraction in two dimensional ferromagnetic wire lattice

In this paper, we present theoretical and experimental results for the indication of negative refraction in ferromagnetic metallic wire lattice. We have studied microwave transmission through a two dimensional wire lattice made of ferromagnetic metallic wires under the applied static magnetic field. We have found that, the microwave transmission were significantly changed at ferromagnetic resonance frequency region. Thus the magnetic permeability can be tuned by external dc magnetic field. Since the dielectric permittivity of metallic wire lattice is negative and can take a value close to unity then the crystal exhibits negative index of refraction at microwave region under the external magnetic field.     

S波段锥形磁绝缘线振荡器长脉冲实验研究

 对一种由弱变和强变结构组成的锥形磁绝缘线振荡器进行了长脉冲实验研究。在二极管电压350 kV左右、电流约25 kA、脉宽约128 ns的条件下,获得了500 MW、脉宽约90 ns的高功率微波输出。对波形中出现的拐点进行了分析,研究表明：二极管电压波形好坏会对微波源的性能造成严重的影响,较好的电压波形是实现长脉冲运行的关键。同时对采用不锈钢平面负载、不锈钢丝网状负载以及石墨负载电子收集极进行了实验研究,研究表明采用石墨收集极可以输出较好的微波波形。     

Stabilization of electron-hole liquid in uniaxially strained germanium in a strong magnetic field

Luminescence spectra of uniaxially and uniformly strained high-purity germanium crystals at liquid-helium temperatures in a magnetic field of up to 14 T have been investigated. In strongly strained Ge crystals, a new line has been detected on the low-energy side of the excitonline in magnetic fields higher than 4 T. Studies of this line’s characteristics as functions of pressure, temperature, and magnetic field have led us to conclude that its presence is due to recombination of electron-hole pairs in an electron-hole liquid. The experimental data suggest that the metallic electron-hole liquid is stabilized in a strong magnetic field. By approximating the shape of the newly detected line using the model of metallic electron-hole liquid, we have obtained the electron-hole liquid density n _EHL(B) and Fermi energies E _Fe,h of electrons and holes. The liquid binding energy ø as a function of magnetic field has been estimated.     

自旋霍尔纳米振荡器的非线性动力学及其应用

自旋霍尔纳米振荡器利用电流产生的自旋轨道力矩驱动磁性薄膜中磁矩进行高频进动,能在微纳尺度下实现全电学调控的相干自旋波和微波信号,是一类新型的纳米自旋电子学器件,在信息存储、处理和通信方面具有广泛的应用前景。基于强自旋轨道矩效应,人们近期在各类铁 磁/非磁重金属构成的双层薄膜结构中,已实现了多种不同自旋波模式的电学激发和调控,并对 其复杂的非线性动力学特性进行了深入的探究。基于这些前期的研究结果与最新的进展,我们在 本综述中对“对三角”结构的纳米间隙型、“蝴蝶结”型、纳米线型、垂直纳米点接触型以及阵 列等具有各类器件结构的自旋霍尔纳米振荡器所体现出来的丰富非线性动力学特性进行了详细讨 论与归纳,并对其在新型低能耗量子磁振子自旋器件和非冯诺依曼架构的自旋型人工神经网络计 算方面的潜在应用也进行了探讨。     

高功率宽谱开关振荡器

采用1/4波长开关同轴谐振器技术路线,开展了高功率宽谱微波产生及耦合输出技术研究。设计振荡器工作在200 MHz,低阻抗1/4波长同轴传输线与传输线一端的环形多通道气体火花开关构成谐振器,耦合器由集中电容和分布电感构成,实现宽谱微波的能量提取。通过数值模拟研究了振荡器的振荡及耦合输出过程,分析了高压脉冲馈入方式、谐振器阻抗特性及开关齿槽结构对环形开关导通特性的影响。数值模拟和实验结果证明,采用直馈方式、高阻结构和齿槽结构有利于形成开关多通道导通,并提高开关导通的稳定性。在输出电压为500 kV的Marx脉冲功率源平台上构建了高功率宽谱微波产生实验装置,实验得到的宽谱微波振荡频率为195 MHz,辐射因子约150 kV,频谱带宽约30%。     

重入自旋玻璃尖晶石系统CoxZn1-x(FeyCr1-y)2O4中的微波磁共振

研究了具有重入自旋玻璃转变的尖晶石系统Co_xZn_1-x(Fe_yCr_1-y)₂O₄(0.4≤x≤0.8,y=O.5,0.8)中的微波磁共振,获得了共振线型、共振线宽、共振场、g因子、积累强度等共振参数与温度的依赖关系,并研究了磁性离子Co²⁺的浓度对共振线宽的影响。采用自旋成团效应及局域混乱场模型讨论了这些实验现象的机制,认为在一定条件下自旋团的形成、发展 关键词：