Reaction of pentadienyliron tricarbonyl cations with hydride donors

A series of pentadienyliron tricarbonyl cations has been prepared and reacted with the hydride ion donors sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, and lithium triethylborohydride in order to determine steric and electronic effects in these reduction reactions. Sodium cyanoborohydride yields products of retained configuration whereas lithium triethylborohydride yields dieneiron tricarbonyl compounds of inverted configuration. Kinetic and thermodynamic considerations are used to account for these results.     

Effect of borohydride reduction on antibodies

The effect of borohydride reducing reagents on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each antibody showed different stability characteristics to the reducing reagents. Sodium cyanoborohydride was at least five times milder toward immunological activity than sodium borohydride, however, sodium cyanoborohydride with a catalytic amount of metal ion (Zn²⁺ or Al³⁺ ) can be as harsh as sodium borohydride. Activated hydrophobic borohydrides, 9BBN-pyridine, did not have any advantages in respect to the stabilities of antibodies. Antibodies to be used for immunosorbent purification must be evaluated individually to determine whether their structure is stable to immobilization reagents and conditions prior to their linkage to the column support.     

Borane complexes of 2-(1-Methyl-1,2,5,6-tetra-hydropyridin-3-yl)benzoxazoles

2-Pyridin-3-ylbenzoxazoles were synthesized by the reaction between 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and substituted o-aminophenols in the presence of iodobenzene diacetate. The resulting benzoxazoles 3 were treated with methyl iodide to give the corresponding pyridinium salts 4 which underwent the hydride reduction with sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride to produce 2-(1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahy-dropyridin-3-yl)benzoxazole borane complex derivatives.     

Selective Reduction of 7-Demethylsinomenine

Several borohydride reagents： sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, soudium acetoxyborohydride and soudium triacetoxyborohydride were screened, respectively, for the reduction of 7-demethylsinomenine, which was an α,β-dicarbonyl compound derived from sinomenine. Highly regio-and stereo-selectivity was acquired when sodium cyanoborohydride or NaBH（OAc）3 was used. The product was structurally confirmed as 7R configuration by NMR, X-ray crystal diffraction analysis. Some preliminary discussion was also made on the mechanism of the selective reduction.     

Synthesis of N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropen-2yl)alanylproline

A method has been developed for the synthesis of N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropen-2-yl)atanylproline by reductive alkylation of alanylproline by the sodium salt of 2-oxo-4-phenylbutenoic acid, using sodium cyanoborohydride and sodium borchydride as reducing agents. The products were separated chromatographically. Under the conditions of the reaction, sodium borohydride in a neutral medium preferentially reduces the double bond of the Schiff base. Sodium cyanoborohydride reduces, in addition, the double bond of the 2-oxo-4-phenylbutenoic acid, forming enalaprilate.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 468–471, April, 1996.     

The Sodium Borohydride and Sodium Cyanoborohydride Reduction of Unsymmetrically Substituted 3-Chloro-2-propeniminium Salts

A series of 3-substituted-3-chloro-2-propeniminium salts have been reacted with sodium borohydride and/or sodium cyanoborohydride to produce 1-substituted-1-chloro-3-N, N-dimethylamino-1-propenes in good yield.     

Sodium cyanoborohydride: a reagent for selective reduction of the oxazolidine ring of C20-diterpenoid alkaloids

A very selective reduction of the oxazolidine ring of C₂₀-diterpenoid alkaloid derivatives in the presence of other functional groups, e.g., an α,β unsaturated ketone or a simple ketone, has been achieved in almost quantitative yield using sodium cyanoborohydride.     

Reductive Amination with Zinc Borohydride. Efficient,Safe Route to Fluorinated Benzylamines

Abstract: Fluorinated benzylamines are synthesized in high yields by reductive alkylation of secondary amines with appropriate fluoroaldehydes using a combination of zinc chloride and zinc borohydride. The present method offers an alternative to toxic sodium cyanoborohydride and is adaptable to multigram-scale preparations.     

Reduction of (+)-usninic acid and its pyrazole derivative by sodium borohydride

The reaction of (+)-usninic acid and its pyrazole derivative with sodium borohydride was studied. The reduction occurred stereoselectively at the endocyclic carbonyl group. Novel (+)-usninic acid derivatives that were reduction products of the carbonyls were obtained.     

A highly stereoselective synthesis of (±)-dihydrofumariline-1

Stereoselective sodium borohydride reduction of the 8,14-cycloberbine (9) derived from the protoberberine (7), followed by reductive cleavage of C₈-N bond of the resulting 13-hydroxy-8, 14-cycloberbine (10) with sodium cyanoborohydride afforded the spirobenzylisoquinoline (12), N-methylation of which via the oxazolidine (13) provided (±)-dihydrofumariline-l (1).     

顺式-和反式-2,5-二取代四氢呋喃的立体选择性合成

内酯与有机锂试剂发生亲核加成反应,再在酸催化下用NaBH3CN还原,反应的立体选择性可能是由氢负离子在中间体氧鎓离子位阻最小的一侧进攻所引起.所得的三环化合物经热分解和加氢反应,制备顺式和反式-2,5-二取代四氢呋喃.     

Selective Reduction of Thiol Esters with Sodium Borohydride

A couple of years ago, Fujita and co-workers¹ reported the reduction of 2-thiazoline-2-thiol esters to alcohols with sodium borohydride in aqueous tetrahydrofuran. In connection with an ongoing synthetic project which requires the selective reduction of a stable acid derivative to the alcohol level in the presence of nitrile and ester groups, we examined the reaction of a variety of thiol esters with sodium borohydride. Our results show that the highly reactive (and thus unstable) 2-thiazoline-2-thiol ester derivatives are unnecessary and in fact various types of thiol esters are readily convertible to alcohols under mild conditions which do not effect the reduction of common acid derivatives such as nitrile, ester, and amide.     

Studies on epoxides—VI : Opening reactions of α-substituted epoxysteroids

Treatment of 1,2-epoxy-3-ketosteroids with tosylhydrazine and sodium borohydride in methanol lead to mixtures consisting of (i) ring A seco-acetylenic alcohols, (ii) methoxyhydrins formed by opening of the epoxide ring following the carbonyl reduction, and (iii) an epoxy-3,3-di- methylketal. For the corresponding 4-methylene derivative, the ring A fragmentation product was found to be the conjugated en-yne 8a. Reduction of these epoxyketones with sodium borohydride alone affords mixtures of cis- and trans epoxyalcohols; the cis derivatives were unaffected by heating with sodium borohydride in methanol, whereas the trans were converted into the corresponding diaxial methoxyhydrins.     

Syntheses of 1-Azaazulan-2-One Analogs of Adrenergic Agents

The Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1-azaazulan-2-ones with α-haloacid chloride in the presence of aluminum trichloride gives the corresponding α-haloacyl derivatives. Treatment of these reaction products first with various secondary amines and then with sodium borohydride gives new adrenergic active amine derivatives.     

A rapid and efficient method for the reduction of quinoxalines

Mono and di‐substituted alkyl and aryl quinoxalines are rapidly reduced in high yield to their respective 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐derivatives by borane in THF solution. In the case of the 2,3‐di‐substituted compounds, reduction is stereoselective yielding exclusively the cis‐isomers. Sodium borohydride in acetic acid also reduces alkyl and aryl quinoxalines, but proceeds with lower yields and often produces side products. Sodium borohydride in ethanol reduces quinoxaline and 2‐methylquinoxaline in high yield; however, the reaction is very slow, whereas 2,3‐dialkyl and 2‐aryl quinoxalines are not efficiently reduced by sodium borohydride in ethanol.     

甲壳胺-g-PEG的合成及医用性能的研究(Ⅰ)甲壳胺-g-PEG的合成及表征

通过官能团偶联反应，将端基改性为醛基的甲氧基聚乙二醇（分子量分别为２０００、５０００），按不同配比与甲壳胺反应，制得了甲壳胺接枝ＰＥＧ的产物（Ｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ－ｇ－ＰＥＧ）。讨论了反应的最佳ｐＨ条件。建立了有效的产物分离方法，用红外光谱法、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ法对产物的本体结构进行了表征，并用元素分析法和１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ法对接枝量进行了测定。     

A highly efficient general synthesis of phosphine-borane complexes

A general synthesis of phosphine-borane complexes proceeding in high yield in a safe, green process from borane generated in situ from sodium borohydride is described. The procedure also allows simultaneous carbonyl reduction and phosphine-borane formation on air-sensitive bulky phosphine derivatives.     

Thiol Esters in Organic Synthesis XVII.1 S,S′-Diethyl Dithiomalonate as Masked Ethanol Carbanion and 1,3-Diol Equivalent in the Knoevenagel Condensation

S,S′-Diethyl dithiomalonate (1) has been shown to be a useful reagent in the Knoevenagel condensation with aldehydes, using DABCO as the base. The resultant products can be reduced either to 1,3-diols by use of sodium borohydride or to ethanol derivatives using Raney Nickel.     

Investigation of some transformations of 1-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives

The reduction of 9-substituted functional derivatives of tetrahydrocarbazoles with sodium borohydride was investigated. 9-Carbazolylacetonitrile was obtained instead of the expected pyrazinocarbazole derivatives in an attempt to cycllze 1-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolylacetamide.     

An operationally simple,fast and green synthesis of novel γ-hydroxyphosphonate and phosphine oxide derivatives

A green and versatile method for the preparation of γ-hydroxyphosphonate and phosphine oxide derivatives in 5?min, is accomplished through the reduction of γ-phosphonylketones with sodium borohydride supported on alumina, at room temperature, under solvent free conditions.