YBCO薄膜热稳定性和微结构的关系研究

我们已报道过YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)的过热现象并且对其过热的机制进行了研究[1～2] .在本文的工作中,主要研究了YBCO薄膜的微结构对于其过热行为的影响.通过高温金相显微镜对具有不同微结构的YBCO薄膜的不同的熔化行为进行了实时观测,并且用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对这些具有不同品质的薄膜进行表征.结果表明, YBCO薄膜的微结构对于其过热度以及整个薄膜熔化的过程有很大的影响,高品质的薄膜具有低界面缺陷比率,由此导致了其在熔化过程中较高的过热度.本文同时在实时观测,AFM和XRD所得到实验结果的基础上,通过半共格界面能的理论很好的解释了YBCO薄膜在不同的微结构情况下体现出来熔化和过热行为的差异.     

关于YBCO薄膜过热现象的研究

在用YBa₂Cu₃O_z(YBCO)种膜液相外延生长Nd_1+xBa_2-xCuO_z(NdBCO)厚膜的过程中，YBCO晶体在高于熔点的温度下保持不熔化并且起到了外延种子的作用.采用高温金相显微镜,我们实时观察YBCO薄膜的熔化过程，发现了超导氧化物薄膜的过热现象，并且结合XRD极图的分析和Ba-Cu-O熔体的不润湿性现象合理解释了YBCO形成过热的机制.另外，通过对具有不同微观结构的YBCO薄膜熔化行为的横向比较，研究YBCO薄膜品质对于其过热度的影响，并用半共格界面能理论很好地解释了AFM和XRD分析及实时观察熔化过程的实验结果. 关键词： 过热 YBCO薄膜 熔化形核     

面内和面外取向对RBa_2Cu_3O_z薄膜热稳定性影响的研究

采用高温金相显微镜,实时观察RBa2Cu3Oz(RBCO,R代表稀土元素)薄膜的熔化过程.结合X射线衍射(XRD)极图的分析,对不同面内取向和面外取向的RBCO薄膜熔化行为进行横向比较,研究了RBCO微结构对于其热稳定性的影响,并用半共格界面能理论很好地解释了XRD分析和实时观察熔化过程的实验结果.对不同面内取向YBa2Cu3Oz(YBCO)薄膜的研究结果表明,空气中0°晶粒的热稳定性优于45°晶粒;此外还研究了c轴取向的SmBa2Cu3Oz(SmBCO)薄膜的热稳定性,结果表明微量a轴晶粒对SmBCO薄膜的熔化行为以及其热稳定性有明显影响.     

不同衬底上制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导薄膜的微结构研究

采用大直径中空柱状阴极直流磁控制溅射装置，在LaAlO3和Zr(Y)O2衬底上制备YBCO超导薄膜。用透射电镜（TEM）、扫描隧道显微镜（SIM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对薄膜和衬底间的界面，薄膜的螺旋生长结构，YBCO薄膜及其相应衬底的表面形貌进行了观察和测量。分析了基片表面形貌及表层内缺陷对界面附近薄膜组织结构的影响。研究了不同衬底沉积的超导薄膜具有不同表面形貌的原因。从生长机理角度对表面形貌、缺陷和位错的形成机制进行讨论。     

溶液法制备PVP为界面修饰层的红荧烯结晶性薄膜

为了获得低成本、高结晶度的红荧烯薄膜,采用溶液加工的方法和聚合物界面修饰层研究了红荧烯薄膜的性质。首先,通过旋涂方法在Si/SiO₂衬底上先沉积一层聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）作为界面修饰层,利用偏光显微镜（POM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）研究了PVP层表面形貌及粗糙度。接着在PVP上滴涂红荧烯溶液后固化烘干,制备红荧烯晶体薄膜,研究了不同PVP浓度和不同成膜温度下界面修饰层对红荧烯表面形貌的影响。然后,利用X射线衍射（XRD）表征对比研究了薄膜的微观结构。最后,分析了红荧烯晶体薄膜的生长机制。实验结果表明：80~140℃及低浓度的PVP条件下能得到结晶度高、连续的红荧烯球晶,并且温度升高时,球晶尺寸变大。PVP作为界面修饰层有利于改善红荧烯的成膜性,制备高结晶度的晶体薄膜。     

正常态金属与氧化物高温超导薄膜界面扩散特性分析

利用二次离子质谱(SIMS)技术,分析了Ag和A1与YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)(YBCO)超导薄膜接触界面互扩散.结果显示,它们有不同的互扩散特征.利用SIMS的分析结果,可以很好地理解经高温热处理后,Ag/YBCO和A1/YBCO样品具有不同界面电学性质的原因. 关键词：     

Al/Cu阻抗匹配状态方程测试靶制备工艺研究

 采用轧制技术和真空扩散连接技术,成功实现了Al/Cu阻抗匹配状态方程测试靶的制备,通过原子力显微镜（AFM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、台阶仪等测试方法,对样品结构及表面质量进行分析。结果表明：通过轧制技术制备的金属薄膜表面质量较好,表面粗糙度小于25 nm;扩散连接铝铜薄膜界面结合良好,为连续连接,扩散界面控制在150 nm以内。     

YBCO液相外延生长初始阶段的研究

通过液相外延生长的方法能制备高质量的YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)超导厚膜.利用高温金相显微镜,在大气气氛下实时观测了沉积在MgO基片上的YBCO薄膜熔化过程以及随后冷却过程中的液相外延生长初始阶段.通过对包晶分解过程的控制,留下部分微米级YBCO晶粒,并以此作为外延生长的种子.实验结果表明,通过包晶反应Y2BaCuO5+Liquid→YBa2Cu3O7-δ,能在这些剩余的YBCO晶粒周围快速外延生长出YBCO晶体.本文探讨了初始阶段的生长动力学以及外延生长取向问题.     

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导薄膜热解过程中表面形貌的形成规律及机理探讨

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)(YBCO)超导薄膜的表面形貌对于自身的超导性能起着至关重要的作用.低温热处理过程对于最终的YBCO超导薄膜的表面形貌有非常大的影响.我们研究了升温速率和气体流量对表面形貌的共同作用,发现以下规律:在高气体流量的作用下,当升温速率较低时,薄膜出现裂纹,提高升温速率,可得到光滑薄膜,进一步提高升温速率产生褶皱,直至出现裂纹与褶皱的共存态;在低气体流量下,升温速率较低时也能获得光滑的薄膜,而高升温速率则会导致薄膜褶皱.因此获得表面平整的薄膜,升温速率和气体流量必须匹配.结合在线实时观测的方式,观察了缺陷表面的形成温度及演化过程,给出了薄膜表面形貌与热处理条件关系的解释.原子力显微镜(AFM)粗糙度的测试结果与我们的解释吻合.     

MgO单晶基片上YBCO高温超导薄膜的制备

在2英寸MgO(001)单晶基片上,采用直流溅射法,通过基片高温退火,成功制备了性能优越的YBa2C3O7-δ(YBCO)双面超导薄膜,能够满足超导滤波器的设计要求。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明经过退火的基片上生长的YBCO薄膜与基片有单一的外延取向关系;用原子力显微镜(AFM)和高能电子衍射(RHEED)分析高温退火对基片表面状况的改变。结果表明制备的YBCO薄膜具有很好的超导电性,薄膜临界电流密度Jc(77K,0T)≈2.5×106A/cm2,微波表面电阻Rs(10GHz,77K)≈0.16mΩ。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.