Optically driven Mott‐Hubbard systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium

We consider the Hubbard model at half filling, driven by an external, stationary laser field. This stationary, but periodic in time, electromagnetic field couples to the charge current, i.e. it induces an extra contribution to the hopping amplitude in the Hubbard Hamiltonian (photo‐induced hopping). We generalize the dynamical mean‐field theory (DMFT) for nonequilibrium with periodic‐in‐time external fields, using a Floquet mode representation and the Keldysh formalism. We calculate the non‐equilibrium electron distribution function, the density of states and the optical DC conductivity in the presence of the external laser field for laser frequencies above and below the Mott‐Hubbard gap. The results demonstrate that the system exhibits an insulator‐metal transition as the frequency of the external field is increased and exceeds the Mott‐Hubbard gap. This corresponds to photo‐induced excitations into the upper Hubbard band.     

二极管激光阵列在Talbot外腔中同相模的选择

 从理论和实验上对二极管激光阵列在Talbot外腔中的锁相进行了研究。在同相模和异相模近场分布的基础上,利用1维情况下的菲涅耳衍射公式计算了其远场分布。根据同相模和异相模在Talbot腔中的分布特性,采用1/2 Talbot腔并将外腔镜倾斜一个角度a的方法既能选择同相模,又能使模式的功率损耗最小。二极管激光阵列芯片采用CD金刚石材料,“三明治”结构对其进行封装,明显地减小了阵列的“smile”效应。在实验中实现了二极管激光阵列同相模的锁相输出,远场单瓣模的半高全宽为0.11 mm。     

Injection seeded single mode intra-cavity absorption spectroscopy

We present a single mode intra-cavity spectroscopy system in which the test laser is locked to a narrow band external single mode laser. This technique solves many problems typically encountered in single mode intra-cavity spectroscopy: it results in good tuning properties, a stable single mode operation close to the lasing threshold, a high side-mode suppression and a reduction of spontaneous emission without the use of any frequency selective element. Measurements of broadband absorptions as well as measurements of a narrow band absorption line of the oxygen A-band are presented and compared with theoretical model predictions. The prototype described in this work provides an enhancement in sensitivity of approximately a factor of 12, and it demonstrates the influence of optical injection to single mode intra-cavity spectroscopy. As there is no need for any frequency selective element inside the cavity, the sensitivity can be massively enhanced by optimizing the laser cavity.     

A scheme of quantum phase gate for trapped ion

We propose a scheme to implement two-qubit controlled quantum phase gate(CQPG) via a single trapped two-level ion located in the standing wave field of a quantum cavity, in which the trap works beyond the Lamb--Dicke limit. When the light field is resonant with the atomic transition $|g\rangle\leftrightarrow|e\rangle$ of the ion located at the antinode of the standing wave, we can perform CQPG between the internal and external states of the trapped ion; while the frequency of the light field is chosen to be resonant with the first red sideband of the collective vibrational mode of the ion located at the node of the standing wave, we can perform CQPG between the cavity mode and the collective vibrational mode of the trapped ion. Neither the Lamb--Dicke approximation nor the assistant classical laser is needed. Also we can generate a GHZ state if assisted with a classical laser.     

Photon correlations in a multiple coherent and overlapping chaotic radiation field

We propose a study of the second-order coherence properties of radiation, such as inelastically scattered laser light, by performing an excess photon coincidence rate experiment a la Hanbury Brown-Twiss. The calculation evaluates the second-order correlation function of the electromagnetic field for an arbitrary number of coherent modes overlapped in phase space by a chaotic radiation field. We discuss the application of the general result to a specific case, namely the case of a single mode laser, and the Stokes radiation produced in a Brillouin-active medium, and a suitable part of the spectrum produced by causing dielectric breakdown in air.     

Magnetostatic surface waves of lateral-magnetic superlattices with antiferromagnetic coupling

We calculate the magnetostatic surface mode of a lateral-magnetic superlattice, with an antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling, which is described with an effective medium theory. We find analytically that there is a critical value of the external field for the surface mode, and there are some interesting properties from the frequency of the surface mode as a function of the propagation angle and external field.     

Single-Mode Operation of Broad-Area Diode Laser at 670 nm by External Cavity Configuration with a Diffraction Grating

We demonstrate the single mode operation of a broad-area diode laser at 670 nm by means of an external cavity configuration using a diffraction grating. The output power of 150 mW is obtained with a spectral width of 40 MHz.     

Phase and spectral properties of optically injected semiconductor lasers

The main control parameters of a single mode semiconductor laser submitted to an injected external signal are the power and the frequency of the injected signal. Following their magnitude, many phenomena can be observed such as phase locking, frequency locking, frequency generation, push-pull effects, hysteresis phenomena and chaos,... We show here that the spectral signature of the slave laser enables a better understanding of the the nonlinear interaction between the two competing sources: the spontaneous emission and the external field for which spectra are equally amplified through the active medium. This amplification is then strongly dependent on their coherency. We describe the role of the injected laser as a filter and an amplifier. It follows that the laser can be used to process information in ways that are not yet completely exploited. To cite this article: S. Blin et al., C. R. Physique 4 (2003).     

An 850 nm semiconductor laser tunable over a 300 Å range

We have designed and realized a compact external cavity semiconductor laser operating around 850 nm. The main characteristics are the following: a 32 nm tuning range, a stable single mode operation always attainable in this range and a linewidth of a few hundred kilohertz. This spectral purity improvement is the result of an increased photon lifetime in the external cavity. The potentiality of this solid state laser source is finally underlined.     

Irregular phase slipping in a model for a laser with injected signal

In a model for a single mode laser with injected signal we find irregular pulsing of the output signal. During the turbulent time intervals the relative phase between the internal and the external field slips by an integer multiple of 2pi, where the multiplicity varies irregularly from pulse to pulse. Between the pulses, in the laminar time intervals, the relative phase is locked. We compare this behavior with the results of various other laser models. By the investigation of this interesting mechanism for the creation of phase chaos in a driven oscillator, we learn which properties are responsible for the irregular interruption of the phase locking. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.     

Quasiparity‐Time Symmetric Microdisk Laser

Recent developments in parity‐time (PT) symmetric systems have ushered in unique photonic devices with enhanced functionalities. While single‐mode laser emission has been demonstrated in such systems, the current designs face severe challenges in applications, either due to their stringent requirement on fabrication precision or nonscalability to larger devices. Here, we demonstrate a general mechanism to achieve single‐mode lasing in coupled cavities, which relies on external mode coupling and overcomes these drawbacks. We find significant gain enhancement for selected modes by external coupling, and our experiments have confirmed the resulting single‐mode laser emission in size‐mismatched photonic molecules (PMs), when only one constituent cavity is pumped. This behavior persists for a wide range of pump power, from transparent threshold to gain saturation, and it is highly tolerant of fabrication imprecisions. In addition, the output intensity of such single‐mode lasers also displays enhancement when compared with the same PMs under uniformly pumping. We believe our results will both advance the understanding of different coupling scenarios in coupled cavities and improve the characteristics of onchip laser sources for practical applications.     

External anisotropic feedback effects on the phase difference behavior of output intensities in microchip Nd:YAG lasers

We present the effects of optical feedback from an anisotropic external cavity on the characteristics of the output intensities in a single mode Nd:YAG laser. Due to the birefringence effect, the external cavity modulates laser intensities in the two orthogonal directions with a phase difference, which is twice as large as that of the birefringence element in the external cavity. Experimental results are presented, as well as a theoretical analysis. The potential applications of this phenomenon are also discussed. PACS 42.60.Jf; 42.62.Eh; 42.25.Lc; 42.60.By     

Observation of multi-path interference in broad-area semiconductor lasers with optical feedback

Multi-path interference effects induced by optical feedback in broad-area semiconductor lasers is experimentally studied. An external mirror and an internal laser cavity form a closed composite optical feedback loop. For a very small tilt of the external mirror for the exit facet along the stripe width of the active layer, the light emitted from the laser undergoes multi-path reflections in the composite cavity, and we therefore observe multi-path interference effects of the laser oscillations for a small mirror tilt. The laser output power always shows the fundamental mode of the single feedback loop together with an oscillation of a certain higher multi-path loop. The laser oscillation and the beam profile are strongly dependent on the tilt. We observed up to a nine-fold multi-path interference in the experiment.     

Widely tunable diffraction limited 1000 mW external cavity diode laser in Littman/Metcalf configuration for cavity ring-down spectroscopy

We report on recent progress on external cavity diode lasers (ECDL) using a new concept of a Littman/Metcalf configuration. Within this concept one facet of the diode laser chip is used for coupling to a high quality Littman/Metcalf resonator whereas the other side of the diode laser chip emits the output beam. The alignment of the external resonator is independent from the alignment of the output beam and there is no need for any compromise in the alignment. This results in an improved behavior of the external resonator with the benefit of a drastic increase in power and single mode tuning.We investigated this light source for high resolution spectroscopy in the field of cw-cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). The monitoring of environmental and medical gases from vehicles or human breath requires a suitable radiation source in the mid-infrared (MIR) between 3 and 5 μm that is frequency stable and can be widely tuned. Since this wavelength cannot be reached via direct emitting room temperature semiconductor lasers, additional techniques like difference frequency generation (DFG) are essential. Tunable difference frequency generation relies on high power, small linewidth, fast tunable, robust laser diode sources with excellent beam quality.With our new compact, alignment-insensitive and robust ECDL concept, we achieved an output power of 1000 mW and an almost Gaussian shaped beam quality (M²<1.2). The coupling efficiency for optical waveguides as well as single mode fibers exceeds 70%. The wavelength is widely tunable within the tuning range of 20 nm via remote control. This laser system operates longitudinally in single mode with a mode-hop free tuning range of more than 150 GHz without current compensation and a side-mode-suppression better than 50 dB. This concept is currently realized within the wavelength regime between 750 and 1080 nm.Our high powered Littman/Metcalf laser system was part of a MIR-light source which utilizes DFG in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystals. At the wavelength of 3.3 μm we were able to achieve a high-resolution absorption spectrum of water with four different isotoplogues of H₂O components. This application clearly demonstrates the suitability of this laser for high-precision measurements. PACS 07.57.Ty; 42.55.Px; 42.62.Fi     

Mode interactions of a single field laser

Interactions of single mode, counterpropagating laser fields in a gaseous, high gain, inhomogeneously broadened medium were investigated as a function of frequency. Large deviations (50%) from empty resonator frequencies indicate very strong coupling between the single operating TEM_00q mode and the dispersive medium. Magnitude of the frequency shift was determined with heterodyne detection by comparing the laser field to a reference laser stabilized at the transition line center. Comparison of experimental results and theoretical models provide a set of resonant dispersion parameters which define the medium in the presence of the optical field.     

Quantum theory of the two-photon laser

We start from a master equation for the density operator of the atoms and the field mode, and apply the operator method of adiabatic elimination of the atomic variables, recently developed by Haake and Lewenstein for the usual single mode laser, to the case of a degenerate two-photon laser. A Fokker-Planck equation for the Wigner distribution function of the lightfield and its steady state solution are derived. With a Gaussian approximation to the solution, analytical and numerical results on the photon statistics are calculated.     

光梳主动滤波放大实现锶原子光钟二级冷却光源

提出一种结合注入锁定技术的主动滤波放大方法,将光梳直接注入锁定至光栅外腔半导体激光器,产生窄线宽激光光源,该光源可以用于锶原子光钟二级冷却.实验中,将中心波长为689 nm,带宽为10 nm的光梳种子光源注入689 nm光栅式外腔半导体激光器,通过半导体增益光谱与半导体光栅外腔,从飞秒光梳的多个纵模梳齿中挑选出一个纵模模式来进行增益放大,再通过模式竞争,实现单纵模连续光输出;同时,光梳的重复频率锁定在线宽为赫兹量级的698 nm超稳激光光源上,因此,注入锁定后输出的窄线宽激光也继承了超稳激光光源的光谱特性.利用得到的输出功率为12 mW的689 nm窄线宽激光光源实现了88Sr原子光钟的二级冷却过程,最终获得温度为3μK,原子数约为5×10~6的冷原子团.该方法可拓展至原子光钟其他光源的获得,从而实现原子光钟的集成化和小型化.     

Normal mode splitting in hybrid BEC-optomechanical system

We consider an opto-mechanical cavity system consisting of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), trapped inside the optical cavity and driven by single mode laser field. The intracavity field acts as nonlinear spring which couples the condensate mode with moving end mirror of the cavity. We study the occurrence of normal mode splitting in the position spectra of the mechanical oscillator and condensate mode as a consequence of hybridization of the fluctuations of intracavity field, mechanical mode and condensate mode. We also discuss the modification in the dynamics of the mechanical oscillator due to frequency of the collective oscillations of cold atoms and the back action of the atoms on the mechanical mirror. Moreover, we investigate the normal mode splitting in the transmission spectrum of cavity field.     

多色强激光场与分子耦合制备长寿命局域模振动

讨论用多色激光场与分子耦合来抑制局域模波包的扩散，从而将能量长时间锁定在单一化学键上以便实现选键化学的可能性．用全量子理论和半经典理论分别建立了分子振动在弱激光场和强激光场中激发和演化的模型．结果表明，多色弱场无法将布居数囚禁在局域模波包上．在强场作用下，利用强激光产生的功率加宽和波包之间的干涉，有可能将布居数囚禁在基态和局域模振动态之间 关键词：     

Detecting a single atom in a cavity using the χ(2) nonlinear medium

We propose a protocol for detecting a single atom in a cavity with the help of the χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear medium. When the χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear medium is driven by an external laser field, the cavity mode will be squeezed, and thus one can obtain an exponentially enhanced light-matter coupling. Such a strong coupling between the atom and the cavity field can significantly change the output photon flux, the quantum fluctuations, the quantum statistical property, and the photon number distributions of the cavity field. This provides practical strategies to determine the presence or absence of an atom in a cavity. The proposed protocol exhibits some advantages, such as controllable squeezing strength and exponential increase of atom-cavity coupling strength, which make the experimental phenomenon more obvious. We hope that this protocol can supplement the existing intracavity single-atom detection protocols and provide a promise for quantum sensing in different quantum systems.