生物多糖进行医用高分子材料表面修饰的研究进展

综述了国内外应用生物多糖进行医用高分子材料表面修饰的研究状况,其中重点介绍了葡聚糖、肝素及类肝素类物质、壳聚糖等多糖在高分子材料表面修饰的研究近况.多糖是自然界中含量最为丰富的生物大分子,几乎存在于所有的生命体中,具有很好的生物相容性,而且某些生物多糖还具有特殊的生物活性,因此用生物多糖进行医用高分子材料的表面修饰受到了国内外研究学者的关注.大量研究表明,经过生物多糖表面修饰的高分子材料可获得良好的生物相容性和某些优良的医学应用性能.     

医用高分子材料表面的润滑改性进展

综述了医用高分子材料表面的润滑改性方法,对影响表面润滑性的因素进行了讨论,简述了材料表面润滑性的测定方法,润滑机理及润滑表面的形态,概述了表面润滑的医用高分子材料在临床中的应用。     

聚丙烯微孔膜表面修饰的葡聚糖固定化研究

糖以各种形式广泛存在于自然界,在人类的许多生理过程中起着不可或缺的重要作用．它具有优良的亲水性和生物特异性．研究表日月,将含糖单体接枝到聚丙烯微孔膜表面或通过共聚引入聚丙烯腈超滤膜,能显著提高常规高分子分离膜的抗污染能力和表面生物相容性,从而扩大其应用范围．     

A Novel Approach to Prepare a Gradient Polymer with a Wide Damping Temperature Range by In‐Situ Chemical Modification of Rubber During Vulcanization

Summary: Based on the fact that rubber can be chemically modified by sulfur, and sulfur can diffuse into rubber driven by a concentration gradient and chemical reaction, a new approach for the preparation of a polymer with a gradient from rubbery to glassy phase has been developed using the sulfur‐vulcanization reaction of rubber. The gradient polymer obtained exhibits a wide transition range spanning over 100 °C with a peak half‐width of 69 °C. The mechanism of forming the gradient structure is also discussed.

The gradient polymer exhibits a broad tan δ width from −60 to 76 °C with the peak half‐width spanning about 69 °C, indicating a wide damping temperature range.     

Two Atmospheric-pressure Plasma Sources for Polymer Surface Modification

Two atmospheric-pressure plasma sources were studied. One was a helium plasma generated by a RF discharge, and the other was an air plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The two plasma sources were characterized on electron density, emission spectrum, and ozone density. The modification of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) surfaces by the two plasmas was investigated. PET strips were exposed to the plasma at the exit of the plasma source. Water contact angles were measured for surfaces modified with different processing parameters. The change in contact angles was monitored as a function of time. Modification mechanisms were also investigated.     

半导体光催化剂的表面修饰

从半导体光催化剂表面修饰的类型、机理及效果出发,对其研究进展作了综合评述.     

结构可切换型聚合物刷的构建及表面性能

合成了结构可切换型甲基丙烯酸酯季铵盐(CBMA-1C2). 在聚丙烯(PP)片基表面光接枝构建CBMA-1C2聚合物刷, 其在碱性水溶液中可水解形成两性离子聚合物刷PCBMA. 用蛋白质吸附及血小板黏附实验评价改性表面亲/疏水性及表面电荷对生物分子与材料表面之间相互作用的影响. 结果发现, 与未改性PP片基相比, 聚合物PCBMA-1C2改性表面水解前后均具有优异的亲水性能, 由于聚合物PCBMA-1C2水解前后表面电荷不同, 对生物分子与改性PP表面的相互作用表现出明显差异. 亲水性好、 两性离子结构的聚合物PCBMA表面表现出对蛋白吸附和血小板黏附的良好抑制作用.     

十八烷基三氯硅烷表面改性钛酸钾晶须

利用十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)的自组装对钛酸钾晶须(PTW)进行表面改性. 通过测定苯、乙二醇、水在OTS改性的PTW压片上的接触角, 计算了OTS改性PTW后的表面能和极性分量, 并与传统方法(PMMA包裹和KH560表面改性)改性的PTW进行比较, 结果表明, OTS改性的PTW具有更低的表面能和极性分量, 以及更好的亲油疏水性能. IR分析和色散分量测定表明, 改性后OTS的烷基链倾斜在PTW表面.     

新型AB5储氢合金表面修饰方法及机理研究

探索了一种储氢合金表面修饰的新方法. 在HF和CuSO₄的混合溶液中对MH/Ni电池负极材料AB₅型储氢合金进行表面处理, 研究了HF含量对反应的影响；考察了铜颗粒沉积量对表面修饰的影响；测试了修饰后合金电极的电化学性能；应用交流阻抗分析了表面修饰对合金性能影响的作用机理. 电化学测试结果表明, 表面修饰后合金电极具有更好的高倍率放电能力和循环稳定性. EIS分析结果表明, 表面修饰使合金的活性增强, 导电性提高, 欧姆阻抗及电化学阻抗显著降低. 因此, 这种新型表面修饰方法可以有效地改善合金的电化学性能, 使之更好地满足电动车用动力型电源的要求.     

Novel acrylonitrile-based copolymers containing phospholipid moieties: synthesis and characterization

Novel acrylonitrile-based copolymers containing phospholipid moieties were synthesized by a three-step process, which included the copolymerization of acrylonitrile and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in water and the reaction of the resulting poly[acrylonitrile-co-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)]s (PANCHEMA) with 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (COP) followed by the ring-opening reaction of COP with trimethylamine. The chemical structure of PANCHEMA and the phospholipid-containing acrylonitrile-based copolymers (PLCANCP) was analyzed with FT-IR spectroscopy, (1)H and (31)P NMR, and XPS. Surface properties of the studied copolymers were evaluated by the pure water contact angle, protein adsorption and platelets adhesion measurements. The water contact angle measured by sessile drop method decreased for the polymers in the following sequence: PAN, PANCHEMA, and PLCANCP. The adsorption amount of bovine serum albumin and the adhesive number of platelet followed the same decline sequence. These results demonstrate that the biocompatibility of the acrylonitrile-based copolymer membranes could be improved efficiently by the introduction of phospholipid moieties.     

天然高分子用于油田堵水调剖的研究进展

从改性天然高分子材料出发,对各类天然高分子材料,如淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖、硬葡聚糖、瓜胶、黄胞胶等作为油田堵水调剖剂的研究进展作了综述,并对天然高分子材料作为堵剂存在的问题及发展趋势进行了阐述。     

Carbon Nanotube Immobilized Electrode Using Amphiphilic Phospholipid Polymer with Anti‐fouling and Dispersion Property for Electrochemical Analysis

A carbon nanotube (CNT)‐modified electrode was fabricated by dropping a dispersion of multi‐walled CNTs in water‐soluble and amphiphilic phospholipid polymer with both dispersing ability and anti‐biofouling property onto a Au electrode. A poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine‐co‐n‐butyl methacrylate) (PMB) composed from 50 mol% of 2‐methacryloxylethyl phosphorylcholine and 50 mol% of n‐butyl methacrylate (PMB50) was used as dispersing reagent for CNTs. The dispersion of water‐insoluble material by PMB50 and its antifouling effects in electrochemical analysis were investigated. The CNT‐modified electrode showed an anodic peak potential that was shifted negatively and an increase in the current value for the electrolytic oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In addition, the charge on PMB50 did not inhibit the electrochemical reaction of the redox compounds K₃[Fe(CN)₆], [Ru(NH₃)₆]Cl₃, and hydroxymethylferrocene. Cyclic voltammetry of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] in 4 % bovine serum albumin (BSA) using a bare Au electrode, the anodic peak current was reduced to 47 % of that without BSA. In contrast, the antifouling effect of the PMB50‐coated electrode meant that the current was only reduced to 70 % of that without BSA.     

聚苯乙烯共价键合磷铵两性离子的结构修饰及血液相容性

利用形成碳-氧键将磷铵两性离子(1)共价键合到聚苯乙烯(PS)材料表面, 改善其抗凝血性能. 首先对PS进行氯甲基化反应, 生成苄氯结构, 然后通过自合成化合物1中的-OH与氯甲基化聚苯乙烯的-CH₂Cl反应形成醚键, 将两性离子接枝在PS上. 表征了产物结构, 并通过水接触角和血小板黏附实验对结构修饰前后材料的亲水性和抗凝血性能进行了比较. 结果表明, 磷铵两性离子结构修饰的聚苯乙烯材料可以有效地提高其血液相容性.     

低温等离子体对聚合物多孔膜的亲水化改性

综述了低温等离子体在聚合物多孔膜表面亲水化改性领域的研究与应用进展。在简要介绍等离子体技术的原理、方法的基础上,讨论了Ar、He、O2、N2、CO2、H2O、NH2和SO2等非反应性和反应性气体的等离子体表面处理,烷基醇、烷基胺、烯丙基醇和烯丙基胺等饱和及不饱和单体的等离子体沉积聚合,以及烯类单体的等离子体引发的接枝聚合等等离子体方法,对膜表面和膜孔壁的化学组成和形态结构、膜亲水性的获得及其时效性、膜水通量和蛋白质抗污染性等方面的影响。     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极材料表面改性

选择铌作为合金化元素，通过氟化物熔盐电化学表面合金化的方法对熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极材料镍进行表面改性，改性后的阳极材料的耐蚀性能与电催化性能均得到明显的改善。     

聚合物的表面光接枝改性

本文总结了利用紫外光接枝改性聚合物表面的研究进展，对接枝方法，接枝证明。接枝结构、实验条件对接枝的影响以及其广泛的应用几个方面进行了介绍。     

电响应聚合物薄膜的表面图案化

由于图案化的功能表面在制备微流体器件和生物芯片等方面具有巨大应用潜力而备受关注,表面图案化的方法很多，如微接触印刷、光刻蚀和电子束刻蚀等等,聚2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙基磺酸（PAMPS）是一种电响应聚合物，在电场的作用下其体积能发生大幅度的变化，我们曾经报道通过带偏压的原子力针尖对PAMPS薄膜的微观浸润性进行调控,本文采用预先结构化的电极对薄膜施加电场，实现了其表面性质的图案化控制，对制备新型聚合物微器件具有重要意义。     

制菌霉素与固体支撑磷脂膜的相互作用

为了更好地了解制菌霉素的作用机理, 本文利用表面等离子体共振(SPR)和交流阻抗两种技术, 考察了制菌霉素与不含固醇的固体支撑纯磷脂膜的相互作用, 结果发现, 制菌霉素可与纯磷脂膜相互作用, 并可能在膜上形成微孔.     

生物医用材料表面仿细胞膜结构改性

细胞膜因其固有的生物相容性,可以作为体内植入材料及器件表面生物相容化改性的范例。大量研究结果表明,用细胞外层膜的亲水官能团－磷酰胆碱基团修饰材料表面,可显著提高材料的生物相容性,具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了用含磷酰胆碱基团小分子及聚合物进行仿细胞膜结构改性的各种方法及其代表性工作;讨论了不同方法得到的仿细胞膜结构表面的性能;总结了几种有影响的生物相容性机理;对仿细胞膜结构表面改性研究及应用的前景做了展望。