光镊系统中光放大倍数对测量结果的影响

从实验和理论两方面，讨论了在光镊系统中，光放大倍数在500—1000倍、间隔为100倍的范围内，对四象限探测器位移测量信号的幅值及其线性度的影响.实验结果与理论结果符合很好，得出相同的结论：当微粒的影像半径约为四象限探测器探头半径(50—60)%时，可以得到幅值大、线性好的输出信号. 关键词： 光镊系统 放大倍数 四象限探测器     

Measuring 0.1-nm motion in 1 ms in an optical microscope with differential back-focal-plane detection

Back-focal-plane detection of micrometer-sized beads offers subnanometer resolution for single-molecule, optical trapping experiments. However, laser beam-pointing instability and mechanical drift of the microscope limit the resolution of optical-trapping experiments. By combining two infrared lasers with improved differential beam-pointing stability (< or = 0.05 microrad), we simultaneously measure and subtract the motion of the microscope stage, leading to a resolution of <0.1 nm in 1 ms and stability of 0.5 nm over 60 s. Repeated steps of 0.4 nm at 1 Hz are resolved with a signal-to-noise ratio of 25.     

远场光钳与近场光钳的发展

以经典光学为基础的光钳技术(又称"光镊")在生物、物理和化学等领域得到了广泛的发展和应用,但是该技术受到高倍显微物镜的尺寸和光学衍射极限等多种因素的制约,从而限制了其进一步发展。而远场光纤光钳和近场光钳技术,从不同方面克服了传统光钳的局限。回顾了传统光钳、远场光纤光钳和近场光钳的发展,着重讨论了各种方法的工作原理、实验方法和技术性能,对这几种光钳技术进行了深入地总结和细致地比较。     

Optical doughnut for optical tweezers

We describe novel optical doughnuts for optical tweezers. With new phase functions, the proposed doughnut beams have dark cores in specified shapes. The technique can offer a simple method for creating a variety of beam shapes to match the trapped objects. One can rotate the beams directly by revolving their phase structures about their axes on the initial plane. The technique for generating the traditional Laguerre-Gaussian beam can be used to create these novel beams.     

Beam optics approach to the ray optics model for the optical trapping efficiency of optical tweezers

Journal of the Korean Physical Society - The optical trapping efficiency of optical tweezers can be explained by the ray optics model when the particle size is much larger than the wavelength of...     

Potential mapping of optical tweezers

Optical tweezers are very often used for measurement of piconewton range forces. Depending on the displacement of the trapped bead, the trap may become stiffer which causes considerable underestimation of the measured force. We have shown, both by theory and experiment, that such a stiffening occurs for beads larger than 0.5 μm in radius. For the first time, we have shown that the displacement at which the stiffening starts is size dependent and that the stiffening starts at higher forces for larger beads. We have shown that for the applications, which simultaneous force measurement and position sensing are on demand (such as biopolymer stretching), mid-range sized (～1.5 μm in radius) beads could be the best choice.     

Prediction of phase-mostly modulation for holographic optical tweezers

We characterize a reflective Holoeye LC-R 2500 spatial light modulator with a technique in which Jones matrices describing its polarization capabilities are obtained and then used for any arbitrary configuration. We apply this method to predict a phase-mostly modulation response with minimum amplitude contrast and a phase modulation range close to 2π rad. This allows us to generate multiple traps in a holographic optical tweezers setup with high light efficiency and hardly any unwanted energy on the zero diffraction order.     

近距离激光外差探测光学极限位移分辨率

通过统计理论和维纳-辛钦定理推导出激光外差探测系统光电流的功率谱函数,分析了光电流谱线分布与激光光源线宽、中频信号频率以及信号光相对本振光传输延迟时间的关系,修正了相关文献中光电流功率谱的理论公式.根据信号与噪声理论建立了激光线宽引起的相位噪声的一维概率分布模型,并据此得到了基于激光波长、探测距离以及激光线宽的极限位移分辨率的数学模型.对光电流的功率谱和外差光学极限位移分辨率进行了相关的数值仿真,结果表明延迟时间与相干时间的关系决定光电流谱线分布的情况.当激光波长为532 nm,激光线宽在1 kHz,探测距离为100 m时,光学极限位移分辨率为0.266 nm,相关文献中的实验数据与理论推导结果相符合.     

Controlling ghost traps in holographic optical tweezers

Computer-generated holograms displayed by phase-modulating spatial light modulators have become a well-established tool for beam shaping purposes in holographic optical tweezers. Still, the generation of light intensity patterns with high spatial symmetry and simultaneously without interfering ghost traps is a challenge. We have implemented an iterative Fourier transform algorithm that is capable of controlling these ghost traps and demonstrate the benefit of this approach in the experiment.     

光镊在生命科学中的应用

由于光镊具有无直接接触、无损伤等诸多优点,且光镊产生的力在皮牛顿量级,正好落在生物大分子相互作用力的范围,所以光镊在生物大分子相互作用测量方面取得了越来越广泛的应用.文章详细介绍了光镊的出现、发展过程以及在生命科学中代表性应用结果.这些结果表明,将光镊应用在生命科学领域,可以揭示或证实许多以前不曾深刻了解的生物大分子的活动规律与机制.     

Trapping multiple particles in single optical tweezers

Optical trapping of multiple particles in three dimensions in a single inverted optical tweezers is investigated. The effect of trapping pairs of beads on the voltage signal recorded by a quadrant photo diode detector is examined, with particular emphasise on its power spectral density. It is found that trapped pairs of beads could be mistaken for single beads in a trap of half the strength. Stokes drag measurements reveal that both beads of the pair are confined less than a single particle in the same trap and that the quadrant signal provides some information of their mean displacements.     

光镊在生命科学中的应用

由于光镊具有无直接接触、无损伤等诸多优点,且光镊产生的力在皮牛顿量级,正好落在生物大分子相互作用力的范围,所以光镊在生物大分子相互作用测量方面取得了越来越广泛的应用.文章详细介绍了光镊的出现、发展过程以及在生命科学中代表性应用结果.这些结果表明,将光镊应用在生命科学领域,可以揭示或证实许多以前不曾深刻了解的生物大分子的活动规律与机制.     

近场光镊技术研究新进展

光镊技术,又称光学捕获技术,它是利用光的辐射压力来捕获和操纵包括电介质颗粒、生物细胞及生物大分子在内的微小粒子的。近场光镊技术利用近场光学倏逝场随距离急剧衰减的特征,可显著地降低捕获粒子的尺寸,实现纳米捕获。追踪了近场光镊技术的最新进展,包括全内反射相干倏逝场、近场光学镀膜光纤探针尖、激光照明金属探针尖和聚焦倏逝场用于近场光学捕获,并对其进行了比较,分析了它们存在的主要问题和未来发展方向。     

利用光镊技术演示光的自旋角动量

阐述了光与物体相互作用时自旋角动量的传递与扭力矩原理.基于光镊光致旋转原理,利用能够悬浮单个粒子的光镊技术并采用具有双折射特性的CaCO3晶体粒子,设计了微粒在不同偏振光场中的旋转运动实验内容,研究光与双折射晶体粒子相互作用产生的光致旋转效应,观察和测量由自旋角动量引起粒子的扭转力矩的大小、方向以及旋转速度等力学效应.     

Phase-transition-like properties of double-beam optical tweezers

We report on double-beam optical tweezers that undergo previously unknown phase-transition-like behavior resulting in the formation of more optical traps than the number of beams used to create them. We classify the optical force fields which produce multiple traps for a double-beam system including the critical behavior. This effect is demonstrated experimentally in orthogonally polarized (noninterfering) dual-beam optical tweezers for a silica particle of 2.32 μm diameter. Phase transitions of multiple beam trapping systems have implications for hopping rates between traps and detection of forces between biomolecules using dual-beam optical tweezers. It is an example of a novel dynamic system with multiple states where force fields undergo a series of sign inversions as a function of parameters such as size and beam separation.     

Multifunctional single-fiber optical tweezers for particle trapping and transport

We present and demonstrate a multifunctional single-fiber optical tweezer for particle trapping and transport. The fiber probe of fiber optical tweezers is constructed as a planar structure. Laser sources with wavelengths of 650 nm and 980 nm in a single-mode fiber excite the linearly polarized LP11mode and LP01mode beams, respectively. These two laser beams can achieve non-contact trapping and long-distance transport of particles after passing through a flat-facet fiber probe,respectively. This...     

Polarization-induced stiffness asymmetry of optical tweezers

A tightly focused, linearly polarized laser beam, so-called optical tweezers, is proven to be a useful micromanipulation tool. It is known that there is a stiffness asymmetry in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis inherited from the polarization state of the laser. In this Letter, we report our experimental results of stiffness asymmetry for different bead sizes measured at the optimal trapping condition. We also provide the results of our generalized Lorenz-Mie based calculations, which are in good agreement with our experimental results. We also compare our results with previous reports.     

Planar optical tweezers using tapered-waveguide junctions

We demonstrate planar optical tweezers using the evanescent field of a silicon nitride tapered-waveguide junction between a singlemode waveguide and a multimode waveguide. Our experiments show that the junction embedded in a fluidic channel holds up to one and two polystyrene particles of sizes of 2.2 μm and 1 μm, respectively. The trapped particles are successively substituted by the incoming particles. Our experiments and numerical modeling reveal that the junction particle trapping depends on particle size and number.     

Oscillatory disturbance in force calibration of optical tweezers

In the calibration of the optical trap stiffness, it is found that there appears an attenuating oscillation as an oscillatory disturbance added to the trapped bead movement, when the scanner is driven by a triangular wave input.An equivalent oscillator model is put forward to explain the mechanism of the oscillatory disturbance. Both the measurements and calculations show that the attenuating oscillation comes from the oscillation of the scanner and the triangular wave drive causes this additional oscillation of the scanner. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the oscillatory disturbance will become stronger, when the stiffness of the trap increases or the natural frequency of the scanner decreases. We adopt another driving way, i.e. a sinusoidal wave input is used instead of the triangular wave input. Our experiment has verified that in this case the oscillatory disturbance is eliminated completely.     

Force measurements of optical tweezers in electro-optical cages

Received: 19 May 1998/Accepted: 28 May 1998