毛细管凝胶电泳法测定血浆中的癌泰得

为了进行硫代反义寡核苷酸药物癌泰得的药代动力学研究,建立了毛细管凝胶电泳测定血浆中癌泰得含量的方法。样品经强阴离子交换柱除去血浆中的蛋白和油脂,通过反相C18柱脱盐,再通过渗滤膜除去残留盐分后,以长度为24个碱基的寡核苷酸作为内标,采用毛细管凝胶电泳测定血浆中癌泰得的含量。结果表明,毛细管凝胶电泳测定血浆中癌泰得含量的线性范围为12.5～400 mg/L(r=0.9998),日内、日间的相对标准偏差分别为0.398%～2.46%、2.75%～6.07%,回收率为99.53%～102.1%。毛细管凝胶电泳法用于血浆中反义硫代寡核苷酸的含量测定具有良好的准确性、稳定性和重现性。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度

建立测定大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。以双氯芬酸钠作为内标,采用Phenomenex Luna C_(18)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水-乙腈溶液,运行时间为4.5 min,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量为5μL,柱温40℃。样品经大气压力化学离子源负离子化后,通过三重四极杆串联质谱仪,在多反应监测模式下测定托品酸(m/z 164.93→102.93)和内标双氯芬酸钠(m/z 293.97→214.01)的浓度。血浆样品前处理采用甲醇沉淀蛋白。结果表明,托品酸的血浆浓度在40～25000 ng/mL内线性良好,定量下限为40 ng/mL,批内、批间精密度(RSDs)均在1.2%～6.7%以内,准确度(RE)在96.4%～113.8%以内。血浆样品室温放置6 h,样本处理后室温放置8 h,反复冻融3次及冰冻(-20℃)保存7 d的情况下均稳定。本方法适用于大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度的测定,也可为临床浓度监测提供依据。     

气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法测定大蒜中甲基嘧啶磷和乙基嘧啶磷残留量

取经捣碎并混匀的大蒜样品10.00g,加入水3mL、乙腈20mL、氯化钠3g和2个陶瓷均质子,涡旋提取2min,离心,取上层清液10.0mL于40℃下蒸发至近干,用含1%(体积分数)甲酸的甲醇(1+5)混合液溶解残渣。所得溶液流经固相萃取柱(SPE)净化,用3mL含1%(体积分数)甲酸的甲醇(1+5)混合液淋洗萃取柱,弃去淋洗液。用含0.5%(体积分数)氨水的甲醇混合液将吸附在SPE柱上的分析物洗脱,洗脱液在40℃下吹氮至近干,用丙酮-正己烷(1+9)混合液溶解残渣并定容至1.0mL。分别采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)和气相色谱-质谱法(GCMS)测定此溶液中甲基嘧啶磷和乙基嘧啶磷的含量。结果表明:甲基嘧啶磷和乙基嘧啶磷的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积之间呈线性关系,甲基嘧啶磷和乙基嘧啶磷采用GC-FPD和GC-MS进行测定的测定下限(10S/N)均为0.01mg·kg-1。按照标准加入法进行加标回收试验,采用GCFPD测得回收率在81.6%～91.6%之间,采用GC-MS测得回收率在94.4%～98.1%之间,两方法测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在4.1%～8.6%和3.1%～9.4%之间。     

亲水改性C18填料的制备及其在萃取水中酚类化合物中的应用

通过在甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)中加入亲水性单体甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGMEA),以1-正丙醇/1,4-丁二醇为致孔剂,热聚合得到具有一定亲水性的新型C18填料,并将该填料应用于固相萃取(SPE)富集水中的酚类化合物。实验优化了致孔剂的配比、SPE过程中上样溶液pH值、洗脱剂种类等参数。在上样溶液pH为6.0,以5.0 mL乙腈为洗脱剂的优化条件下,5种酚类化合物在0.5～10 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.16～0.47 mg/L。所制备的亲水改性C18材料已成功用于大辽河水样中酚的检测,平均加标回收率为64.33%～92.14%, 相对标准偏差为4.2%～6.4%(n=3),证明了该填料对环境水样中痕量酚类化合物富集的可靠性。     

加速溶剂萃取—固相萃取—超高效液相色谱/三重四极杆质谱法测定沉积物中10种磺胺类抗生素残留

建立了一种使用加速溶剂萃取(ASE)、固相萃取(SPE)联合超高效液相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC/MS/MS)测定沉积物中10种磺胺类抗生素的分析方法，分别考察了ASE中不同提取溶剂、温度、压力、萃取次数和SPE中不同上样体积对萃取效果的影响。样品采用甲醇和0.1 mol/L Mcllvaine缓冲溶液作为萃取溶剂，在萃取压力为10 MPa、萃取温度为80℃条件下重复萃取2次，用超纯水复溶至300 mL,经SAX-HLB串联固相萃取小柱进行富集纯化，定容后采用外标法定量分析。结果表明，10种磺胺类抗生素(SAs)在1～300μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R²>0.994),方法检出限为0.034～0.396 ng/g;平均回收率介于67.8%～109.8%之间；相对标准偏差(RSD)介于1.76%～13.00%之间。该方法具有溶剂用量少、自动化程度高、操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好等特点，可满足沉积物中SAs残留检测的要求，具有实际的应用前景。     

聚氯乙烯(PVC)管材中氯乙烯单体的溶解沉淀-顶空-气相色谱法测定

建立了聚氯乙烯(PVC)管材中氯乙烯单体的溶解沉淀-顶空-气相色谱法。选择HP-Wax毛细管柱为分离色谱柱,4mL含水量为37.5%(体积分数)的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)溶液溶解PVC管材,在75℃平衡35min的条件下顶空进样进行气相色谱分析。结果显示,氯乙烯在0.025～2.50mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9993。以3倍信噪比计算,该方法的检出限为4.75μg/L。对样品加标测定6次,加标回收率为90%～96%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6.0%。该方法比常规的顶空进样方法的灵敏度提高了近9倍,具有操作简单、快速、灵敏度高、准确度和精密度好等优点,适合于PVC管材中氯乙烯单体的检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中二十二碳六烯酸

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)测定大鼠血浆中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的分析方法。血浆样品经C18固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化后,采用Thermo C18色谱柱分离,以0.2%甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相,等度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源负离子模式下,采用质谱选择反应监测(SRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明:DHA在0.10~60.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系(r2=0.9990);检出限(S/N=3)为0.04μg/mL,定量限(S/N=10)为0.10μg/mL;在2、10、30μg/mL 3个添加水平下,其平均回收率为94.0%~106.9%,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.15%~3.12%之间。该方法简单、快速,准确度、灵敏度高,适用于大鼠血浆中DHA的分析检测。     

丹参中3种丹参酮的超临界二氧化碳萃取及液相分析

 用超临界CO2 流体及共溶剂乙醇萃取丹参中的 3种丹参酮 ,分别采用正交设计法和系统法考察了萃取中的主要影响因素 ;采用高效液相法 (HPLC) ,在甲醇 水 (体积比为 80∶2 0 )溶液为流动相和检测波长为 2 80nm的条件下 ,以外标法检测了萃取产物中 3种丹参酮的含量。实验得到的最佳条件为 :萃取压力 2 0MPa ;萃取温度 4 5℃ ;分离温度 35℃ ;共溶剂 95 % (体积分数 )乙醇 ;流量 1 0mL/min。建立的HPLC测定方法简便快捷 ,准确度高 ,重现性良好 ,相关系数r为 0 9994～ 0 9998,相对标准偏差RSD为 2 37%～ 3 4 7%。     

竹炭固相萃取-恒能量同步荧光法测定河水中多环芳烃

建立了竹炭固相萃取-恒能量同步荧光法检测河水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法。优化了实验条件。选定正己烷为洗脱溶剂,洗脱溶剂体积为15mL,上样速率为5mL/min,上样体积为500mL。采用恒能量同步荧光法对流出液中PAHs进行测定,其相关系数r≥0.9976,检出限在0.025～1.5ng/mL之间,相对标准偏差为0.72%～1.68%。该法用于龙岩市省控断面九龙江河水中PAHs的测定,水样的加标回收率为76.8%～104.4%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中的有机酸

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)同时测定蜂蜜中5种有机酸(L-苹果酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、D-苹果酸)含量的方法。蜂蜜经制样后过Bond Elutes SAX固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化,用C18-MS-II反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)进行分离,流动相为2%偏磷酸溶液,流速为0.7 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm。在此条件下5种有机酸在相应的线性范围内其线性相关系数均大于0.9967;方法的回收率为86.0%～103.9%,相对标准偏差为5.7%～9.8%(n=6),检出限为0.06～9.4 mg/kg。所建立的方法可用于蜂蜜样品中有机酸的测定。     

鸡肉中11种喹诺酮类药物多残留的高效液相色谱检测

建立了用荧光检测器同时测定11种喹诺酮类药物(包括诺氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、达氟沙星、洛美沙星、二氟沙星、沙拉沙星、恶喹酸和氟甲喹)在鸡肉中的多残留的高效液相色谱检测方法。鸡肉样品用10%三氯乙酸-乙腈(体积比为7∶3)提取两次并稀释,随后用反相固相萃取柱净化。采用Hypersil BDS-C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱,荧光检测器用程序编程检测波长检测。11种喹诺酮类药物标准曲线的线性范围为5～1200 μg/L,相关系数大于0.998。在高、中、低三个添加水平下的回收率为56%～119%,批内相对标准偏差为0.4%～16.1%,批间相对标准偏差为1.4%～23.0%。检出限和定量限分别为1～23 μg/kg和4～40 μg/kg。该方法快速、灵敏,达到了兽药残留检测的要求。     

Simultaneous Determination of Chloroquine and Its Metabolite Desethyl Chloroquine in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

This study presents a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine (CQ) and its metabolite desethyl chloroquine (DCQ) in human plasma. The method generally involved methanol protein precipitation and LC-MS/MS detection. The mass spectrometer was operated with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) source and the data acquisition was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Quantification was performed by labeled isotope dilution method with matrix-matched calibration curves. Inter-batch accuracies were ranged from 90.2% to 109.8%. Both intra-batch and inter-batch precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD, %) of the analytes were no more than 15.0%. The recoveries were from 73.7% to 79.0%, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.0 and 0.5 ng/mL for CQ and DCQ, respectively. The linear ranges of CQ/DCQ were 1.0/0.5–500.0/250.0 ng/mL with the linear correlation coefficient R² > 0.999. No significant matrix effect was observed in this study. The carryover effect was significantly minimized by the addition of ethylene glycol in the reconstitution solution and the utilization of basic washing solution and repetitive fast washing gradient program. After optimization, the carryover effect was less than 20%. This method is in possession of sufficient resolution, high sensitivity as well as selectivity and convenient to be applied to the trace determination of CQ and DCQ in human plasma.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱技术分析大鼠血浆中的氨基酸及其在电离辐射损伤动物模型中的应用

建立了基于高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI MS/MS)与固相萃取(SPE)相结合的大鼠血浆中氨基酸的分析方法。以硅胶基质的强阳离子交换固相萃取柱(SCX-SPE)提取血浆中的氨基酸和降低基质效应,HPLC-ESI MS/MS进行测定。对SPE处理的样品pH值进行了优化,发现pH 2.8时SCX-SPE提取氨基酸的回收率和重现性比较令人满意。除赖氨酸和鸟氨酸外,氨基酸的总体回收率在33.6%～107.7%之间;除精氨酸外,氨基酸标准曲线的线性相关系数r2＞0.99; 25种氨基酸测定的日内精密度和日间精密度较好,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别低于9.0%和19.1%。此外,将该分析方法用于电离辐射对大鼠血浆氨基酸代谢的影响研究。结果表明,辐射可导致血浆中氨基酸代谢紊乱,并且其紊乱程度与电离辐射损伤程度正相关。研究结果为筛选新的急性辐射损伤标记物研究提供了实验依据。     

A rapid and highly sensitive UPLC-MS-MS method for the quantification of zolpidem tartrate in human EDTA plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study

A rapid and high sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of zolpidem in human EDTA plasma using ondansetron (IS) as an internal standard. The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma using ethyl acetate and separated on a C18 column (Inertsil-ODS, 5 μm, 4.6 × 50 mm) interfaced with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. The mobile phase, which consisted of a mixture of methanol and 20 mM ammonium formate (pH 5.00 ± 0.05; 75:25 v/v), was injected at a flow rate of 0.40 mL/min. The retention times of zolpidem and IS were approximately 1.76 and 1.22. The LC run time was 3 min. The electrospray ionization source was operated in positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring used the [M + H](+) ions m/z 308.13 → 235.21 for zolpidem and m/z 294.02 → 170.09 for the ondansetron, respectively. Five freeze-thaw cycles was established at -20 and -70°C.The linearity of the response/concentration curve was established in human EDTA plasma over the concentration range 0.10-149.83 ng/mL. The lower detection limit [(signal-to-noise (S/N) > 3] was 0.04 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification (S/N > 10) was 0.10 ng/mL. This LC-MS-MS method was validated with intra-batch and inter-batch precision of 0.52-8.66.The intra-batch and inter-batch accuracy was 96.66-106.11. Recovery of zolpidem in human plasma was 87.00% and IS recovery was 81.60%. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were T(max) (h) = (1.25 ± 0.725), C(max) (ng/mL) (127.80 ± 34.081), AUC(0→t), = (665.37 ± 320.982) and AUC(0→∞), 686.03 ± 342.952, respectively.     

Quantitation of donepezil and its active metabolite 6-O-desmethyl donepezil in human plasma by a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the simultaneous determination of donepezil (D) and its pharmacologically active metabolite, 6-O-desmethyl donepezil (6-ODD) in human plasma is developed using galantamine as internal standard (IS). The analytes and IS were extracted from 500 microL aliquots of human plasma via solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Waters Oasis HLB cartridges. Chromatographic separation was achieved in a run time of 6.0 min on a Waters Novapak C18 (150 mm x 3.9 mm, 4 microm) column under isocratic conditions. Detection of analytes and IS was done by tandem mass spectrometry, operating in positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition mode. The protonated precursor to product ion transitions monitored for D, 6-ODD and IS were at m/z 380.1-->91.2, 366.3-->91.3 and 288.2-->213.2, respectively. The method was fully validated for its selectivity, interference check, sensitivity, linearity, precision and accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, ion suppression/enhancement, cross-specificity, stability and dilution integrity. A linear dynamic range of 0.10-50.0 ng mL(-1) for D and 0.02-10.0 ng mL(-1) for 6-ODD was evaluated with mean correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9975 and 0.9985, respectively. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision (%CV, coefficient of variation) across five quality control levels was less than 7.5% for both the analytes. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 10mg donepezil tablet formulation in 24 healthy Indian male subjects under fasting condition.     

固相萃取-高效阴离子交换色谱-积分脉冲安培法检测人体尿液中的异黄蝶呤

建立了固相萃取-高效阴离子交换色谱-积分脉冲安培法(SPE-HPAEC-IPAD)测定人体尿液中异黄蝶呤的分析方法。尿液经ENVI-18与732型阳离子交换柱串联萃取后,除去了大量干扰物质。采用IonPac AS21分析柱(250 mm×2 mm),以0.025 mol/L NaOH溶液为淋洗液,流速为0.40 mL/min,在优化的安培检测波形条件下,异黄蝶呤的质量浓度在0.005～0.200 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998 4,检出限为0.003 mg/L。健康人及癌症病人尿液在2 mg/L和5 mg/L两个添加水平的平均回收率在95.4%～96.8%之间,相对标准偏差小于5%。此方法环保、快速、准确,可用于健康人与癌症病人尿液中异黄蝶呤的测定。     

Selective extraction based on poly(MAA‐VB‐EGMDA) monolith followed by HPLC for determination of hordenine in plasma and urine samples

Hordenine is an active compound found in several foods, herbs and beer. In this work, a novel sorbent was fabricated for selective solid‐phase extraction (SPE) of hordenine in biological samples. The organic polymer sorbent was synthesized in one step in the plastic barrel of a syringe by a pre‐polymerization solution consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA), 4‐vinylphenylboronic acid (VB) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The conditions for preparation were optimized to generate a poly(MAA‐VB‐EGMDA) monolith with good permeability. The monolith exhibited good enrichment efficiency towards hordenine. By using tyramine as the internal standard, a poly(MAA‐VB‐EGMDA)‐based SPE‐HPLC method was established for analysis of hordenine. Conditions for SPE, including volume of eluting solvent, pH of sample solution, sampling rate and sample volume, were optimized. The proposed SPE‐HPLC method presented good linearity (R² = 0.9992) within 10–2000 ng/mL and the detection limits was 3 ng/mL, which is significantly more sensitive than reported methods. The method was also applied in plasma and urine samples; good capability of removing matrices was observed, while hordenine in low content was well extracted and enriched. The recoveries were from 90.6 to 94.7% and from 89.3 to 91.5% for the spiked plasma and urine samples, respectively, with the relative standard deviations <4.7%. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四氮杂杯[2]芳烃[2]三嗪键合硅胶固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定河水中硝基苯酚和己烯雌酚

基于四氮杂杯[2]芳烃[2]三嗪键合硅胶吸附剂（NC-Si）,构建了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定河水中3种硝基苯酚和己烯雌酚的新方法。考察并获得了固相萃取和液相色谱分离的优化条件：将样品溶液pH调至5,以5 mL/min上样,经自制固相萃取柱净化,2 mL氨水-甲醇（2：98,v/v）洗脱;在C8柱上以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。4种目标分析物的检出限（LOD,S/N=3）为0.03~0.3 μg/L,定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）为0.1~1.0 μg/L;加标回收率为75.5%~104.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=5）小于6.3%。该方法准确、可靠,可用于河水中硝基苯酚及己烯雌酚的灵敏检测。     

Polyamide as an efficient sorbent for simultaneous interference-free determination of three Sudan dyes in saffron and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detection北大核心CSCD

With polyamide( PA)as an efficient sorbent for solid phase extraction( SPE)of Sudan dyes II,III and Red 7B from saffron and urine,their determination by HPLC was performed. The optimum conditions for SPE were achieved using 7 mL methanol/water( 1:9,v/v,pH 7)as the washing solvent and 3 mL tetrahydrofu-ran for elution. Good clean-up and high( above 90%)recoveries were observed for all the analytes. The opti-mized mobile phase composition for HPLC analysis of these compounds was methanol-water( 70:30,v/v). The SPE parameters,such as the maximum loading capacity and breakthrough volume,were also determined for each analyte. The limits of detection( LODs),limits of quantification( LOQs),linear ranges and recoveries for the analytes were 4. 6-6. 6 μg/L,13. 0-19. 8 μg/L,13. 0-5 000 μg/L( r2> 0. 99)and 92. 5% -113. 4%,respec-tively. The precisions( RSDs)of the overall analytical procedure,estimated by five replicate measurements for Sudan II,III and Red 7B in saffron and urine samples were 2. 3%,1. 8% and 3. 6%,respectively. The developed method is simple and successful in the application to the determination of Sudan dyes in saffron and urine sam-ples with HPLC coupled with UV detection.     

基于溶胶凝胶技术的在线固相萃取与高效液相色谱联用测定饮用水中的雌激素残留

建立了固相萃取与高效液相色谱在线联用测定水样中3种雌激素(己烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、双烯雌酚)痕量残留的方法。以溶胶凝胶技术合成的聚合物为固相萃取材料,对水样中的雌激素进行萃取富集,考察了样品溶液不同pH、上样流速及洗脱溶剂等条件对合成材料富集效果的影响。结果表明,在优化的条件下,该方法对3种雌激素的检出限(S/N=3)为0.07~0.13 μg/L,样品中的加标回收率为82.31%~99.43%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.61%~7.15%。方法简便可靠,适用于饮用水中雌激素的痕量残留检测。