Chaotic Behavior of a Model of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonad Axis in Human Male

A nonlinear dynamical model for the pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis in human male is proposed and chaotic solutions are obtained. We investigate the bifurcation character of the solution and calculate the Lyapunov exponents. Some deductions of this model are obtained and compared ,with experimental results. All the results show that the model is a quite reasonable one.     

Chaotic Behavior of a Model of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonad Axis in Human Male

A nonlinear dynamical model for the pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis in human male is proposed and chaotic solutions are obtained. We investigate the bifurcation character of the solution and calculate the Lyapunov exponents. Some deductions of this model are obtained and compared with experimental results. All the results show that the model is a quite reasonable one.     

Formant Frequencies of Malay Vowels Produced by Malay Children Aged Between 7 and 12 Years

The formant frequencies of Malaysian Malay children have not been well studied. This article investigates the first four formant frequencies of sustained vowels in 360 Malay children aged between 7 and 12 years using acoustical analysis. Generally, Malay female children had higher formant frequencies than those of their male counterparts. However, no significant differences in all four formant frequencies were observed between the Malay male and female children in most of the vowels and age groups. Significant differences in all formant frequencies were found across the Malay vowels in both Malay male and female children for all age groups except for F4 in female children aged 12 years. Generally, the Malaysian Malay children showed a nonsystematic decrement in formant frequencies with age. Low levels of significant differences in formant frequencies were observed across the age groups in most of the vowels for F1, F3, and F4 in Malay male children and F1 and F4 in Malay female children.     

Values of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in evaluating the activity of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis of rat model

ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate the ability of IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI in detecting early activity of sacroiliitis in rat model of ankylosing spondylitis by comparing with pathological results.Methods20 wistar male rats were induced by bovine proteoglycan combined with complete/incomplete Freund's adjuvant as model group, and 20 healthy male rats were used as the control group. The parameters of IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI in synovial regions of SIJ were measured respectively at 7th, 12th, 17th, and 22th weeks after the last induction, and the pathological features of SIJ were taken also, further studying the pathological characteristics of sacroiliac region. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The prediction parameters and diagnostic efficiency were compared by ROC curve.ResultsThere was no significant difference of image parameters between the model and control groups at the 7th, 12th weeks after the last induction, and there were no positive findings in histopathological examination at the same time. At the 17th week after induction, the f and Fenh%, Senh% between the model and the control groups were statistically significant. At the 22th week, there was a statistically significant increase all the values in model group than those in control group (P < 0.05). Histologic examination confirmed inflmmtorycell infiitrtion at the 17th week and pannus forming of synovium on the surface of cartilage at the 22th week in the model groups. The Fenh%, Senh%, D_slow and f had the moderate diagnostic efficiency and the areas under the curve were 0.77, 0.75, 0.77 and 0.82 respectively. The Senh% demonstrated the highest sensitivity (71.4%) and f demonstrated the highest specificity (95.0%).ConclusionIVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI can be used as the sensitive imaging methods to detect and accurate diagnosis the early activity of sacroiliitis in AS.     

A model based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">TTC</Emphasis> to describe how drivers controltheir vehicles

We have used the Penna ageing model to analyze how the differences in evolution of sex chromosomes depend on the strategy of reproduction. In panmictic populations, when females (XX) can freely choose the male partner (XY) for reproduction from the whole population, the Y chromosome accumulates defects and eventually the only information it brings is a male sex determination. As a result of shrinking Y chromosome the male genomes de facto loose one copy of the X chromosome information and, as a result, males are characterized by higher mortality, observed also in the human populations. If it is assumed in the model that the presence of the male is indispensable at least during the pregnancy of his female partner and he cannot be seduced by another female at least during the one reproduction cycle-the Y chromosome preserves its content, does not shrink and the lifespan of females and males is the same. Thus, Y chromosome shrinks not because of existing in one copy, without the possibility of recombination, but because it stays under weaker selection pressure; in panmictic populations without the necessity of being faithful, a considerable fraction of males is dispensable and they can be eliminated from the population without reducing its reproduction potential.     

Speech emotion recognition based on statistical pitch model

A modified Parzen-window method, which keep high resolution in low frequencies and keep smoothness in high frequencies, is proposed to obtain statistical model. Then, a gender classification method utilizing the statistical model is proposed, which have a 98% accuracy of gender classification while long sentence is dealt with. By separation the male voice and female voice, the mean and standard deviation of speech training samples with different emotion are used to create the corresponding emotion models. Then the Bhattacharyya distance between the test sample and statistical models of pitch, are utilized for emotion recognition in speech. The normalization of pitch for the male voice and female voice are also considered, in order to illustrate them into a uniform space. Finally, the speech emotion recognition experiment based on K Nearest Neighbor shows that, the correct rate of 81% is achieved, where it is only 73.85% if the traditional parameters are utilized.     

Effect of nuclear magnetic resonance on chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells

Three groups of six male Balb/c mice, subjected to 30 MHz continuous wave NMR exposure in a static magnetic field of 7.05 K Gauss for one hour, were each compared to another group of ten unexposed mice with respect to chromatid and chromosomal aberrations. The exposed groups were sacrificed at two hours, 24 hours and 48 hours following NMR exposure respectively. Control mice were sacrificed 24 hours after sham-exposure. All groups had approximately 0.02 apparent aberrations per cell. These apparent aberrations were in the form of metacentric chromosomes, possibly resulting from a union of chromosomes at their centromeres or possibly simply chromosomes in association. The results are consistent with earlier in vitro findings that NMR exposure causes no adverse cytogenetic effects.     

两种气液两相流模型的应用和比较

本文应用MUSIG模型[1]和均一直径模型对某溶液堆台架模型堆芯内气液流动传热进行了数值模拟.在MUSIG模型中堆芯内离散相气泡被分为5组不同直径的气泡,用于分析堆芯内气泡的流动变化和大小分布,采用Luo and Svendsen[2]和Prince and Blanch[3]模型描述不同直径气泡组间的破裂和聚合.在均一直径模型中,堆芯内的气体被考虑为同一直径的组分,并且不考虑其破裂与聚合现象.计算得到采用两个模型的模拟结果并且对其进行了对比研究.结果显示应用MUSIG模型的计算结果与台架实验结果吻合更好.     

A Model for Coagulation with Mating

We consider in this work a model for aggregation, where the coalescing particles initially have a certain number of potential links (called arms) which are used to perform coagulations. There are two types of arms, male and female, and two particles may coagulate only if one has an available male arm, and the other has an available female arm. After a coagulation, the used arms are no longer available. We are interested in the concentrations of the different types of particles, which are governed by a modification of Smoluchowski’s coagulation equation—that is, an infinite system of nonlinear differential equations. Using generating functions and solving a nonlinear PDE, we show that, up to some critical time, there is a unique solution to this equation. The Lagrange Inversion Formula allows in some cases to obtain explicit solutions, and to relate our model to two recent models for limited aggregation. We also show that, whenever the critical time is infinite, the concentrations converge to a state where all arms have disappeared, and the distribution of the masses is related to the law of the size of some two-type Galton-Watson tree. Finally, we consider a microscopic model for coagulation: we construct a sequence of Marcus-Lushnikov processes, and show that it converges, before the critical time, to the solution of our modified Smoluchowski’s equation.     

基于紫外‐可见透射光谱技术和极限学习机的早期鸡胚雌雄识别

为了对鸡种蛋胚胎进行雌雄识别,探究利用紫外-可见-近红外透射光谱进行鸡胚雌雄识别的可行性,搭建了鸡种蛋透射光谱检测系统,采用横向和竖向大头朝上2种放置方式获取210枚鸡种蛋孵化0~15 d的光谱,光谱范围为360~1 000 nm。构建极限学习机（ELM）鸡胚雌雄识别模型,通过比较不同放置方式和孵化天数下模型的识别准确率,发现竖向放置且孵化第7 d的识别效果最好;将竖向放置孵化第7 d的光谱初步分为紫外（360~380 nm）、可见光（380~780 nm）、近红外（780~1 000 nm）、紫外-可见光（360~780 nm）和全波段（360~1 000 nm）5个不同的波段范围来分析,预测集准确率分别为82.86%,77.14%,75.71%,84.29%和81.43%,筛选出360~780 nm的紫外-可见光波段为有效波段;在紫外-可见光（360~780 nm）波段,采用多元散射校正（MSC）去噪,并用竞争性自适应重加权采样算法（CARS）和连续投影算法（SPA）筛选特征波长降维,建立不经筛选特征波长、CARS筛选特征波长和SPA筛选特征波长的3种ELM模型。其中不经筛选特征波长的ELM模型识别效果最好,但输入变量最多,隐含层神经元为680且激活函数为sig时,预测集准确率为84.29%。SPA筛选特征波长的ELM模型识别效果次之,输入变量有9个,隐含层神经元为840且激活函数为hardlim时,预测集准确率为81.43%。CARS筛选特征波长的ELM模型识别效果最差,输入变量有27个,隐含层神经元为100且激活函数为sig时,预测集准确率为78.57%;用遗传算法（GA）优化ELM模型的权值变量和隐含层阈值,不经筛选特征波长建立的GA-ELM模型,预测集准确率为87.14%,SPA筛选特征波长建立的GA-ELM模型,预测集准确率为87.14%,CARS筛选特征波长建立的GA-ELM模型,预测集准确率为81.43%。紫外-可见光波段不经筛选特征波长的GA-ELM模型识别效果和经SPA筛选特征波长的GA-ELM模型相同,表明SPA筛选的特征波长变量能够有效反映360~780 nm波段的信息,SPA使用的变量数仅占紫外-可见光波段的2.14%,因此,雌雄识别最佳模型为紫外-可见光波段经SPA筛选特征波长的GA-ELM模型,预测集准确率为87.14%,其中,雌性识别率为88.57%,雄性识别率为85.71%,单个样本平均判别时间0.080 ms。结果表明紫外-可见透射光谱技术和ELM模型为孵化早期鸡胚蛋雌雄识别提供了一种可行方法。     

Voice-over: Perceptual and Acoustic Analysis of Vocal Features

Voice-overs are professional voice users who use their voices to market products in the electronic media. The purposes of this study were to (1) analyze voice-overed and non-overed productions of an advertising text in two groups consisting of 10 male professional voice-overs and 10 male non-voice-overs; and (2) determine specific acoustic features of voice-over productions in both groups. A na?ve group of listeners were engaged for the perceptual analysis of the recorded advertising text. The voice-overed production samples from both groups were submitted for analysis of acoustic and temporal features. The following parameters were analyzed: (1) the total text length, (2) the length of the three emphatic pauses, (3) values of the mean, (4) minimum, (5) maximum fundamental frequency, and (6) the semitone range. The majority of voice-overs and non-voice-overs were correctly identified by the listeners in both productions. However voice-overs were more consistently correctly identified than non-voice-overs. The total text length was greater for voice-overs. The pause time distribution was statistically more homogeneous for the voice-overs. The acoustic analysis indicated that the voice-overs had lower values of mean, minimum, and maximum fundamental frequency and a greater range of semitones. The voice-overs carry the voice-overed production features to their non-voice-overed production.     

Some physical characteristics of the male falsetto voice

Previous research indicated that, as groups, male (bass/baritone) and female (soprano) professional singers tend to exhibit differing vocal tract and voice source behaviours. The use of an objective measure of voice [xeroradiographic-electrolaryngographic analysis (XEL)] revealed differences between the two voice types, especially at the highest sample pitches (e, 330 Hz for bass/baritones, and e″, 1,320 Hz for sopranos). XEL analysis combines two known techniques, i.e., soft-tissue radiographic imaging (xeroradiography), and an analysis of voice-source vibratory patterning (electrolaryngography). Subsequent to this investigation, interest centered on the male professional falsetto voice over a two-octave range (E 165 Hz to e′ 660 Hz) using a sample (n=9) of professional countertenors. Results suggest that there are characteristic trends in the patterning of the male professional falsetto register, but there is also evidence of within-group variability. The subjects significantly increased the size of the pharyngeal tube area during phonation. ANOVA and Trend Analysis revealed ventricular space as the only measure to expand systematically and consistently as sung pitch increases.     

A constitutive model of the human vocal fold cover for fundamental frequency regulation

The elastic as well as time-dependent mechanical response of the vocal fold cover (epithelium and superficial layer of the lamina propria) under tension is one key variable in regulating the fundamental frequency. This study examines the hyperelastic and time-dependent tensile deformation behavior of a group of human vocal fold cover specimens (six male and five female). The primary goal is to formulate a constitutive model that could describe empirical trends in speaking fundamental frequency with reasonable confidence. The constitutive model for the tissue mechanical behavior consists of a hyperelastic equilibrium network in parallel with an inelastic, time-dependent network and is combined with the ideal string model for phonation. Results showed that hyperelastic and time-dependent parameters of the constitutive model can be related to observed age-related and gender-related differences in speaking fundamental frequency. The implications of these findings on fundamental frequency regulation are described. Limitations of the current constitutive model are discussed.     

维、哈、汉三种不同民族性别的人发中微量元素含量测定

本文采用火焰原子吸收法分别对４００例汉、维、哈三种不同民族,不同性别的人发中,微量元素Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ和Ｓｒ九种元素的含量进行测定,为开展不同民族学生的身体健康研究提供了有益的资料。     

The Effect of an Iodine-Free Diet on the Pharmacokinetics of the <Superscript>211</Superscript>At Preparation

The pharmacokinetics of the Astatine-211 radiopharmaceutical was investigated after a single injection in male SD (Sprague–Dawley) rats that had normal and iodine-free diets. Twelve groups of SD male rats were examined in the study. The tested drug was intravenously injected into the tail vein of the animals once at a volume of 10 mL/kg and dose of 100 μCi per animal. In the study, the animals were subjected to necropsy at specific time points with retrieval of the organs and tissues for further analysis of the activity of the samples using a well-type scintillation gamma spectrometer. It was found that the ²¹¹At absorption by the thyroid in the male rats that had an iodine-free diet was greater than in the rats that had a conventional diet.     

Modeling walking behavior of pedestrian groups with floor field cellular automaton approach

Walking in groups is very common in a realistic walking environment. An extended floor field cellular automaton(CA)model is therefore proposed to describe the walking behavior of pedestrian groups. This model represents the motion of pedestrian groups in a realistic way. The simulation results reveal that the walking behavior of groups has an important but negative influence on pedestrian flow dynamics, especially when the density is at a high level. The presence of pedestrian groups retards the emergence of lane formation and increases the instability of operation of pedestrian flow. Moreover,the average velocity and volume of pedestrian flow are significantly reduced due to the group motion. Meanwhile, the parameter-sensitive analysis suggests that pedestrian groups should make a compromise between efficient movement and staying coherent with a certain spatial structure when walking in a dense crowd.     

Effect of stimulus bandwidth on the perception of /s/ in normal- and hearing-impaired children and adults.

Recent studies with adults have suggested that amplification at 4 kHz and above fails to improve speech recognition and may even degrade performance when high-frequency thresholds exceed 50-60 dB HL. This study examined the extent to which high frequencies can provide useful information for fricative perception for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children and adults. Eighty subjects (20 per group) participated. Nonsense syllables containing the phonemes /s/, /f/, and /O/, produced by a male, female, and child talker, were low-pass filtered at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 kHz. Frequency shaping was provided for the hearing-impaired subjects only. Results revealed significant differences in recognition between the four groups of subjects. Specifically, both groups of children performed more poorly than their adult counterparts at similar bandwidths. Likewise, both hearing-impaired groups performed more poorly than their normal-hearing counterparts. In addition, significant talker effects for /s/ were observed. For the male talker, optimum performance was reached at a bandwidth of approximately 4-5 kHz, whereas optimum performance for the female and child talkers did not occur until a bandwidth of 9 kHz.     

Democracy versus dictatorship in self-organized models of financial markets

Models to mimic the transmission of information in financial markets are introduced. As an attempt to generate the demand process, we distinguish between dictatorship associations, where groups of agents rely on one of them to make decision, and democratic associations, where each agent takes part in the group decision. In the dictatorship model, agents segregate into two distinct populations, while the democratic model is driven towards a critical state where groups of agents of all sizes exist. Hence, both models display a level of organization, but only the democratic model is self-organized. We show that the dictatorship model generates less-volatile markets than the democratic model.     

The effect of task on determination of habitual pitch

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there was an effect of task on determination of habitual pitch, or speaking fundamental frequency (SFF). Seven tasks commonly used to elicit habitual pitch in clinical voice evaluations were compared. Three groups of normal subjects (N = 36) were examined (adult males, adult females, and male and female prepubescent children). For the adult male (n = 12) and pediatric (n = 12) subjects, no significant effect of task was found. For the adult female (n = 12) subjects, a statistically significant (P < .001) effect of task was found. All tasks were found to have high (>0.90) test-retest reliability for all subjects. Implications of the use of one task for determination of habitual pitch are discussed, as is the possibility of a task effect on determination of other voice parameters.     

具有空心阴极放电特征的射频放电的两电子组模型

 运用两电子组模型，考虑了射频放电中的α过程和γ过程两种电离机制，并结合流体模型，研究了中等气压下窄电极间隙容性耦合射频放电在运行模式转变区的等离子体密度以及电离速率分布等特性。理论研究表明，γ电离过程在高电流模式运行中起主要作用，并证实了此类放电中存在显著的电子摆钟效应，具有类似于空心阴极放电的特征。