Optical ultrawideband monocycle pulse generation based on cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier

A novel method for generating ultrawideband (UWB) monocycle pulses based on cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Thanks to the XGM in the SOA, a pair of polarity-reversed optical Gaussian pulses is generated at the output of the SOA, to which a Gaussian pulse pump and a continuous-wave probe are applied. The two polarity-reversed optical pulses are then time delayed by two cascaded fiber Bragg gratings to introduce a time delay difference. A UWB monocycle pulse with a full width at half-maximum of 48 ps and a fractional bandwidth of 188% is generated at the output of a high-speed photodetector.     

UWB monocycle pulse generation based on optical cross-polarization modulation

A novel all-optical method for ultra-wideband （UWB） monocycle pulses generation based on cross polarization modulation （CPM） effect in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is proposed and demonstrated. Due to the CPM effect between the probe light and the pump pulse, a pair of polarity-reversed Gaussian pulses is produced. After proper differential delay, an UWB monocycle pulse with 84-ps width and the fractional bandwidth of 153% is generated after photodetection.     

Filter-free ultrawideband generation based on semiconductor optical amplifier nonlinearities

A filter-free scheme for ultrawideband (UWB) generation with single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed and demonstrated. A pair of polarity-reversed optical pulses is generated due to cross gain modulation (XGM) in the pump-probe scheme, whereas the amplified pump pulse becomes sharp at its leading edge such that the power peak is shifted forward. Hence, the combination of the pump and probe signals at the SOA output is quasi-monocycle shape. Our scheme is an improved scheme to avoid exploiting optical filters and time-delay devices. The generated UWB radio frequency spectrum shows good stability when the input probe power varies from −10 dBm to 6 dBm, the probe wavelength varies in the whole C-band, and the bias current varies from 100 mA to 240 mA. Although the generated quasi-monocycle deviates from a standard Gauss monocycle to some extent, the frequency spectrum conforms to the UWB regulation. Two SOAs with different XGM dynamics are compared in generating UWB signals.     

Ultrawideband monocycle generation using cross-phase modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier

We propose a novel scheme to generate ultrawideband (UWB) monocycle pulses based on cross-phase modulation (XPM) of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The proposed system consists of a SOA and an optical bandpass filter (OBF). Due to the XPM, a continuous wave (CW) probe signal is phase modulated by another optical Gauss pulse in the SOA. The OBF will convert the phase modulation to intensity modulation. A pair of polarity-reversed UWB monocycle pulses is achieved by locating the probe carrier at the positive and negative linear slopes of the OBF. Both cases conform to the UWB definition of the Federal Communications Commission.     

两种基于交叉相位调制的光脉冲压缩方案

基于交叉相位调制的时间透镜可实现精确的二次相位调制, 但是它在光脉冲压缩领域的应用受到了抽运光脉冲的峰值功率过高的限制. 对该峰值功率的表达式进行了推导, 提出使用带有正色散的传输介质来实现输出段色散, 从而降低了抽运光脉冲的峰值功率.并进一步指出, 可以将基于交叉相位调制的时间透镜应用于4f系统, 来实现光脉冲压缩, 从而更有效地降低了抽运光脉冲的峰值功率. 推导了该系统的抽运光脉冲的峰值功率和分辨率的表达式, 并进行了光脉冲压缩的仿真分析.研究结果表明, 在基于交叉相位调制的4f系统中, 可以利用峰值功率较低的抽运光脉冲产生飞秒量级超短光脉冲; 随着压缩系数的提高, 输出光脉冲的脉冲宽度主要受到4f系统分辨率的限制, 并对4f系统分辨率的提高进行了讨论.     

All-optical pulse shaping for ultrawideband doublet pulses using nonlinear optical loop mirror with optical parametric amplification

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an alternative photonic scheme for the generation of ultrawideband (UWB) doublet pulses, which is based on an optical fiber-based nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) incorporating the optical parametric amplification (OPA) effect. The proposed scheme uses both cross-phase modulation and OPA within an optical fiber-based NOLM to produce an ideal transfer function for the shaping of input soliton pulses into doublet pulses. Using the proposed scheme, a successful conversion of input soliton pulses into doublet pulses is readily demonstrated. The system performance of UWB doublet pulses is also assessed by propagating the 1.25?Gbit/s doublet pulses over a fiber link. Error-free UWB doublet signal transmission is demonstrated.     

All-optical switchable UWB pulses generation,modulation and transmission

We proposed and demonstrated all-optical polarity- and shape-switchable ultrawideband (UWB) Gaussian pulses generation schemes using a single polarization interferometer (PI) or a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) cascaded by a PI. When an optical signal with dark return-to-zero (RZ) format propagates directly through a single PI, a pair of polarity-reversed UWB monocycle pulses and a positive UWB doublet pulse is acquired respectively only by adjusting the polarization controllers, without changing the bias of the intensity modulator. If a SOA is connected at the input of the PI to firstly implement the first-order differential function to the input dark RZ pulse utilizing gain saturation effect of the SOA, both polarity- and shape-switchable UWB Gaussian monocycle and doublet pulses are all acquired from the cascaded system. Moreover, if a nonreturn-to-zero control signal is introduced into the SOA, utilizing the cross-gain modulation (XGM) effect of the SOA and the differential characteristic of PI, all-optical shape modulation to UWB signals can be realized, and the polarity of the modulated UWB pulses can also be switched. Also, UWB signal transmission characteristics in fiber link were investigated.     

Sub-single-cycle optical pulse train with constant carrier envelope phase

We describe the synthesis of periodic waveforms consisting of a train of pulses that are 0.83 cycles long and have an electric field pulse width of 0.44 fs using 7 Raman sidebands generated by molecular modulation in H2. We verify by optical correlation that the carrier-envelope phase is constant in these waveforms when they are synthesized from commensurate sidebands. The estimated overall shift of the carrier-envelope phase is less than 0.18 cycles from the first to the last pulse of nearly 10(6) pulses in the pulse train.     

All-optical ultrawideband monocycle generation utilizing gain saturation of a dark return-to-zero signal in a semiconductor optical amplifier

We demonstrate a simple and compact scheme to generate ultrawideband (UWB) monocycle pulses utilizing gain saturation of a dark return-to-zero (RZ) signal in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). When optical pulses with a dark RZ format propagate through the SOA, the output power at the rising edge will be overamplified compared with that at other durations due to the gain unsaturation. As a result, the output pulses are monocyclelike. The UWB frequency spectra at different injected currents, different input pulse widths, and different input wavelengths are analyzed. Our experiments show that the monocycle generation has good tolerance to the SOA bias current and the input signal wavelength.     

基于单模光纤的交叉相位调制型频率分辨光学开关超短脉冲测量

利用单模光纤中的光弹效应和交叉相位调制(XPM)效应,提出了一种频率分辨光学开关法测量超短脉冲的新方案.在本方案中,单模光纤的前一部分产生可变延迟,后一部分作为非线性介质产生非线性效应.该方案只需一根单模光纤,无须复杂的光路校准,结构简单,损耗低;光纤中的XPM效应易发生,无须相位匹配.对提出的方案进行了数值模拟,采用基于矩阵的主元素广义投影算法,恢复出待测脉冲的幅度和相位信息,并研究了光纤长度和待测超短脉冲的脉冲宽度对测量结果的影响.结果表明:测量准确度随着光纤长度的增加而提高,选取长度为2 km的光纤,就可以实现对超短脉冲的准确测量;本文方案适用于脉冲宽度不小于80 fs的超短光脉冲的测量.     

外部光注入混沌激光器产生超宽带微波信号的研究

利用外部光注入混沌激光器产生了完全符合美国联邦通信委员会关于室内无线通信频谱限定的超宽带(UWB)微波信号.基于外部光注入光反馈半导体激光器的速率方程组,理论研究了外部及内部参量对半导体激光器输出混沌UWB脉冲信号的影响.研究表明,UWB信号的-10 dB带宽随着光注入强度、注入失谐量以及线宽增强因子的增大而增大,随着激光器偏置电流的增大而减小.同时,UWB信号的中心频率在5–8 GHz范围内变化.在实验中,通过设定其他参量和调节光注入强度,得到中心频率及带宽可调谐的混沌UWB微波信号,传输速率达到500 Mbit/s.实验结果与理论分析相符合. 关键词： 半导体激光器 混沌激光 光生微波技术 超宽带信号     

Filter-free ultra-wideband doublet pulses generation based on wavelength conversion and fiber dispersion effect

Filter-free ultra-wideband (UWB) doublet pulse generation is experimentally demonstrated in the optical domain based on cross-gain modulation (XGM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and UWB-over-fiber technology is implemented by exploiting dispersion-induced pulse broadening effect in single-mode fiber (SMF). In our proposed system, the SOA generates a polarity-inversed Gaussian pulse train with respect to the injected one through the XGM. After a piece of SMF, the bandwidth of polarity-reversed Gaussian pulse broadens due to the induced dispersion. After the combination of the two light waves with a suitable time delay between them, UWB pulse is obtained. The key parameters for UWB pulse, including central frequency, 10 dB bandwidth, as well as fractional bandwidth are experimentally obtained with 8 GHz, 9.9 GHz and 123% respectively. The generated UWB doublet pulse conforms with the UWB definition of Federal Communications Commission (FCC).     

Approach to all-optical bipolar direct-sequence ultrawideband coding

An approach to all-optical bipolar direct-sequence ultrawideband (UWB) encoding for multiple access communications is proposed and demonstrated. The bipolar coding is performed based on electro-optic phase modulation and phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM-IM) conversion in a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array that serves as a multichannel frequency discriminator. The chip number and the chip period of the code are determined by the number of FBGs and their physical separation. By locating the optical carriers that carry a Gaussian pulse at the left or right slopes of the FBG reflection spectra, bipolar direct-sequence UWB codes are generated. A bipolar UWB coding system with a code length of 4 is experimentally demonstrated.     

Shallow water rogue wavetrains in nonlinear optical fibers

In addition to deep-water rogue waves which develop from the modulation instability of an optical CW, wave propagation in optical fibers may also produce shallow water rogue waves. These extreme wave events are generated in the modulationally stable normal dispersion regime. A suitable phase or frequency modulation of a CW laser leads to chirp-free and flat-top pulses or flaticons which exhibit a stable self-similar evolution. Upon collision, flaticons at different carrier frequencies, which may also occur in wavelength division multiplexed transmission systems, merge into a single, high-intensity, temporally and spatially localized rogue pulse.     

Photonic generation of ultra-wideband doublet pulse using a semiconductor-optical-amplifier based polarization-diversified loop

We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme of ultra-wideband (UWB) doublet pulse generation using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based polarization-diversified loop (PDL) without any assistant light. In our scheme, the incoming gaussian pulse is split into two parts by the PDL, and each of them is intensity modulated by the other due to cross-gain modulation (XGM) in the SOA. Then, both parts are recombined with incoherent summation to form a UWB doublet pulse. Bi-polar UWB doublet pulse generation is demonstrated using an inverted gaussian pulse injection. Moreover, pulse amplitude modulation of UWB doublet is also experimentally demonstrated. Our scheme shows some advantages, such as simple implementation without assistant light and single optical carrier operation with good fiber dispersion tolerance.     

Application of variational calculus to propagation of coupled pulses in optical fibers

Two nonlinear Schrödinger equations, linked by cross-modulation terms, are used to study the nature of coupled pulse propagation in an optical fiber. The problem is formulated within the framework of variational calculus. Using Gaussian trial functions for the propagating pulses, an expression is constructed for the effective Lagrangian of the system. It is shown that this Lagrangian, via the Ritz optimization procedure, provides a basis to construct approximate solutions of the problem. Some judicious approximations are invoked to investigate how the cross modulation affects the behavior of pulse propagation. Conditions are derived under which both pulses can propagate without distortion.     

Photonic ultra-wideband monocycle pulses generation using semiconductor optical amplifier and electro-absorber in parallel

A scheme for photonic generation of ultra-wideband （UWB） pulses using a semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） and an electro-absorber （EA） in parallel is proposed and numerically demonstrated. By adjusting the time delay between two pump signals incident into the SOA and the EA, we can obtain monocycle pulses with reversed polarities and different bandwidths. The proposed method is flexible in pulse shaping and easy in practical optimization.     

直接调制光反馈半导体激光器产生超宽带信号

利用直接电流调制光反馈半导体激光器产生了符合美国联邦通信委员会关于室内无线通信频谱限定的超宽带(UWB)微波信号.基于光反馈半导体激光器速率方程组, 数值分析了偏置电流、反馈强度对混沌UWB脉冲信号的影响.研究表明, 混沌UWB脉冲频谱的-10 dB带宽分别随着偏置电流的增大和反馈强度的增强而逐渐增加; 中心频率分别随着偏置电流的增大和反馈强度的增强而逐渐增大.实验中, 产生了中心频率为6.6 GHz, -10 dB带宽为9.6 GHz的混沌UWB信号. 进一步, 通过调节偏置电流和反馈强度, 可实现混沌UWB信号的中心频率和-10 dB带宽的可调谐输出, 实验结果和数值分析相符合.此外, 实验产生的混沌UWB信号经过34.08 km的光纤传输后, 其频谱形状几乎没有发生变化, 表明该方法所产生的混沌UWB信号对光纤色散有较大的容忍度. 关键词： 超宽带 混沌激光 光反馈 直接调制     

Frequency-resolved optical gating of femtosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet

Femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses were fully characterized for the first time by using a newly developed cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) technique in the XUV region. This method utilizes laser-assisted two-photon ionization as a nonlinear optical process. Near-infrared pulses characterized by FROG were used as a reference. The amplitude and phase of XUV pulses with a pulse duration of 10 fs were found to be in good agreement with a model analysis, taking into account phase modulation by ionization, self-phase modulation, and the atomic dipole phase.     

三角形光脉冲在正色散光纤中产生的实验研究

利用一种无源非线性脉冲整形方法, 实现了在普通正色散(ND)光纤中产生三角形光脉冲, 此方法依赖于脉冲预啁啾和脉冲在ND光纤中传输时群速度色散与自相位调制的相互作用. 实验研究表明, 在较宽的脉冲预啁啾值范围内, 通过优化脉冲输入功率和脉冲传输的ND光纤长度, 均可得到典型的三角形光脉冲: 脉冲时域形状前后沿的变化率接近恒定、整个脉冲具有线性频率啁啾. 另外, 在不同的脉冲预啁啾下, 要得到高质量的三角形光脉冲, 均需要较高的脉冲输入功率; 并且脉冲预啁啾较大时, 三角形脉冲的形成对ND光纤长度和脉冲输入功率有较大的容差, 易获得三角形光脉冲.