Synthesis and Dynamic NMR Spectroscopic Study of Dialkyl 4-Ethoxy-1-(1-naphthyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylates

Protonation of the reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with ethyl 2-(1-naphthylamino)-2-oxoacetate, leads to a vinylphosphonium salt, which undergoes intramolecular Wittig reaction to produce dialkyl 4-ethoxy-1-(1-naphthyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylates in excellent yields. A dynamic NMR effect is observed in the ¹H NMR spectra of the title compounds as a result of restricted rotation around the single bond linking the naphthalene moiety and the heterocyclic system, which is attributed to the peri interaction between the pyrrole residue and the peri CH group. The free energy of activation (G ) for this process is 58±2kJmol^–1.     

Fluorescence Quenching Studies of Curcumin by Hydrogen Peroxide in Acetonitrile Solution

Summary. Steady state quenching studies of curcumin, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, fluorescence by hydrogen peroxide were conducted in acetonitrile solution. A quenching rate constant, k_q, of 1.05×10¹⁰M^–1·s^–1 was obtained with a short fluorescence lifetime of 347ps. The reaction rate constant, which is within the diffusion-limited regime, is activation-controlled. The rate constant of deactivation of the thermally excited curcumin was 1.2 orders of magnitude more nonradiative (2.67×10⁹s^–1) than radiative (2.16×10⁸s^–1). The reaction was exothermic with a G° of –1.97eV and solvent reorganization energy of 1.37eV. These values indicate that the electron transfer reaction is solvent-mediated with electron transfer rate constant, k_ET, of 2.16×10¹⁰s^–1.     

Reactivity of Cl(2P1/2) atoms towards CH3F

The photochlorination of methyl fluoride has been studied at low pressures. Excited (²P_1/2) chlorine atoms have been found to participate in the reaction. The ratio of the excited and ground state rate constants has been estimated at room temperature.

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. (²P_1/2) . .

     

Determination of Attogram Quantities of Silver via Quenching of the Solid Substrate Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Rhodamine B Based on the Catalysis of its Oxidation by Potassium Persulfate

A new method of SS-RTP for the determination of trace silver has been established. This method is based on the fact that Ag⁺, when activated by ,-bipyridyl (bipy) in a media of HAc–NaAc (pH=4.9), can catalyze the reaction of Rhodamine B (RhoB) oxidized by K₂S₂O₈, thus causing the Solid Substrate Room-Temperature Phosphorescence (SS-RTP) of RhoB to be quenched. The activating efficiency of bipy is 6.7 times higher than that of o-phenanthroline (phen). The reduction of the phosphorescence intensity (I_p) of RhoB is directly proportional to the concentration of Ag⁺ ions in the range of 1.6016.0agspot^–1 (0.40µLspot^–1). The regression equation of the working curve can be expressed as I_p=18.78+5.100m_Ag+ (agspot^–1) (r=0.9994, n=6), the detection limit is 0.28agspot^–1. This rapid, accurate and sensitive method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace silver in tea and human hair samples, and the results agree well with the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. The mechanism of the catalyzing reaction is also discussed.     

Synthesis,Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Silicides <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">RE</Emphasis>IrSi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">RE</Emphasis> = Ce,Pr, Er,Tm, Lu) and SmIr<Subscript>0.266(8)</Subscript>Si<Subscript>1.734(8)</Subscript>

Summary. The equiatomic rare earth metal–iridium–silicides REIrSi (RE=Ce, Pr, Er, Tm, Lu) were prepared by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing. All silicides were characterized through their X-ray powder patterns. The structures of CeIrSi, ErIrSi, and LuIrSi were refined from X-ray single crystal diffractometer data: LaIrSi type, P2₁3, a=629.15(2)pm, wR2=0.1232, 280F² values, and 11 variable parameters for CeIrSi; TiNiSi type, Pnma, a=673.4(1), b=416.07(5), c=744.88(9)pm, wR2=0.0705, 339F² values, and 20 variable parameters for ErIrSi, and a=664.0(3), b=412.9(1), c=742.6(1)pm, wR2=0.0398, 496F² values, and 20 variable parameters for LuIrSi. The iridium and silicon atoms in CeIrSi, ErIrSi, and LuIrSi build three-dimensional [IrSi] networks where the iridium atoms have three (CeIrSi, Ir–Si 229pm) and four (ErIrSi, Ir–Si 247–258pm; LuIrSi, Ir–Si 245–256pm) silicon neighbors. The [IrSi] networks leave larger channels in which the cerium, erbium, and lutetium atoms are located. Temperature dependent susceptibility data for LuIrSi indicate Pauli paramagnetism. CeIrSi shows Curie-Weiss paramagnetism above 100K with an experimental magnetic moment of 2.56(2)_B/Ce atom. With samarium as rare earth metal component the silicide SmIr_0.266(8)Si_1.734(8) with -ThSi₂ type structure was obtained: I4₁/amd, a=409.3(1), c=1397.2(5)pm, wR2=0.0575, 161F² values, and 9 variable parameters. Within the three-dimensional [Ir_0.266Si_1.734] network the Ir/Si–Ir/Si distances range from 230 to 237pm.     

Determination of Heavy Metal Ions in Chinese Herbal Medicine by Microwave Digestion and RP-HPLC with UV-Vis Detection

A new method for the simultaneous determination of heavy metal ions in Chinese herbal medicine by microwave digestion and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been developed. The Chinese herbal medicine samples were digested by microwave digestion. Lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, copper, zinc, and tin ions in the digested samples were pre-column derivatized with tetra-(4-chlorophenyl)-porphyrin (T₄-CPP) to form the colored chelates which were then enriched by solid phase extraction with C₁₈ cartridge and eluted from the cartridge with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The chelates were separated on a Waters Xterra RP₁₈ column by gradient elution with methanol (containing 0.05molL^–1 pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH=10.0) and THF (containing 0.05molL^–1 pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH=10.0) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5mLmin^–1 and detected with a photodiode array detector in the range of 350–600nm. In the original samples the detection limits of lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, copper, zinc and tin are 4ngL^–1, 3ngL^–1, 6ngL^–1, 5ngL^–1, 2ngL^–1, 6ngL^–1, and 4ngL^–1, respectively. This method was applied to the determination of lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, copper, zinc and tin in Chinese herbal medicine samples with good results.     

On the thermal analysis of mineral components in clays

The paper deals with the problem of the interactions of the mineral components in clay and argillite samples during the thermal analysis. It is shown that depending on the experimental conditions, the interaction of pyrite and carbonates may cause atypical course of DTA and TG curves. Also the common occurring of sylvine and halite shifts the temperature of their melting to a lower value and this phenomenon occurs in pure salts as well as in the great dilution to some percent in clays.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird über Zwischenreaktionen der mineralischen Komponenten von Ton und Argillit während der thermischen Analyse berichtet. Von den Versuchsbedingungen abhängend produzieren die Zwischenreaktionen von Pyrit und Karbonat DTA und TG Kurven deren Verlauf nicht charakteristisch ist. Das gemeinsame Vorkommen von Sylvin und Halit verschiebt ihren Schmelzpunkt in Richtung der niedrigen Temperaturen in reinen Salzen ebenso wie bei großer Verdünnung von einigen Prozenten in Ton.

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Résumé Les interactions des constituants minéraux des échantillons d'argile et d'argilite pendant l'analyse thermique ont été examinées. Suivant les conditions expérimentales, l'interaction de la pyrite et des carbonates peut provoquer un tracé des courbes ATD et ATG qui s'écarte de l'allure type. La présence simultanée de sylvine et d'halite produit un abaissement de leur point de fusion et ce phénomène apparaít aussi bien avec les sels purs qu'avec ceux fortement dilués, à raison de quelques pour cent, dans les argiles.

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, , ., () (). . , .

     

Synthese von Propellanen aus 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalin: 3,7,11,15-Tetraoxa[4,5,6-12,13,14-dinaphtho(1′,8′)]-(7.7.1)propellan

Condensation of 1,1,2,2,-tetrabromomethylcyclopropane with 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene yielded the (7.7.1)-type propellane. The peri effect on the reaction and the product conformation is discussed. As a result condensation of 1,1-dibromomethylcyclopropane withperi-dihydroxynaphthalene gives the diether-type compound2 instead of the expected spirane2.

Jamrozik, J., Propellanes III. J. für prakt. Chemie, im Druck (1980).     

Crystal and Molecular Structure of 1-( p -Tolyl)-4-[4-(N-naphthalimido)butyl]piperazine

An X-ray structure analysis of 1-(p-tolyl)-4-[4-(N-naphthalimido)butyl]piperazine (I) was carried out: a=9.551(3), b=13.775(3), á=8.917(4) , =103.96(3), =101.47(4), =92.60(3)°, V=1110.4(7) ³, Z=2,_calc=1.279 g/cm³, =0.644 mm, space group P 1, 4239 nonzero reflections, R=0.056. The molecule is linear elongated. The p-tolyl and naphthalimide fragments are almost planar, while the piperazine cycle has a chair conformation. The long well-packed molecules form parallel and antiparallel chains with van der Waals interactions between them.     

Ein einfacher Weg zu α-substituierten (E)-3-Oxo-1-alkenylphosphonsäureestern

Zusammenfassung -Substituierte -Acylvinylphosphonate3 mitE-Konfiguration [R ²CO-CH=C(R ¹)-P(O)(OR)₂], werden in guten Ausbeuten durchWittig-Reaktion von Acylphosphonsäureestern1 [R ¹CO-P(O)(OR)₂,R ¹=Alkyl oder Aryl] mit (2-Oxoalkyliden)triphenylphosphoranen2 [R ²CO-CH=PPh ₃,R ²=Alkyl, O-Alkyl oder CH₂ X (X=Br, OMe, CO₂ Et)] erhalten.

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A convenient route to -substituted dialkyl (E)-3-oxo-1-alkenylphosphonates

-Substituted dialkyl (E)--acylvinylphosphonates [R ²CO-CH=C(R ¹)-P(O)(OR)₂,3], are easily obtained in good yields byWittig-reaction of dialkyl acylphosphonates1 [R ¹CO-P(O)(OR)₂,R ¹=alkyl or aryl) with 2-oxoalkylidene triphenylphosphoranes2 [R ²CO-CH=PPh ₃,R ²=alkyl, O-alkyl and CH₂ X (X=Br, OMe, CO₂ Et)].

     

Energy Transfer Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence for the Determination of Sulfite

A simple and novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) method for the determination of sulfite has been developed based on the energy transfer ECL process. It was found that a weak ECL signal of sulfite was electrochemically generated on a platinum electrode in neutral aqueous solution. The signal was strongly enhanced by rhodamine B as an energy receptor and further enhanced by the neutral surfactant Tween 80. In 0.10M phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.5) containing 2.0×10^–6gmL^–1 rhodamine B and 0.4% (v/v) Tween 80, the ECL response to the concentration of sulfite at a potential of 0.82V was linear over a range of 1.0×10^–7gmL^–1 to 8.0×10^–6gmL^–1, and the detection limit was 5×10^–8gmL^–1. The relative standard deviation (n=11, 1.0×10^–6gmL^–1) was 3.8%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of sulfite in pharmaceutical injections and white sugar samples.     

Thermal study of some sulphosuccinates

The thermal properties of some sulphosuccinates and their intermediates were studied by using combined dynamic thermal analysis and mass spectrometry. The temperature ranges were similar in the two methods, and a scheme of thermal decomposition of the compounds investigated was suggested. In the first temperature range of thermal decomposition of the sulphosuccinate a-rupture of the molecular ion occurs. In the second temperature range, the fragmentation proceeds in two directions: either-rupture of the ethoxylated nonylphenol, or-rupture of the acid residue of the sulphosuccinates.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels einer Kombination von dynamischer Thermoanalyse und Massenspektroskopie wurden die thermischen Eigenschaften einiger Sulfosukzinate und deren Zwischenprodukte untersucht. Im ersten Temperaturbereich der thermischen Zersetzung des Sulfosukzinates findet eine-Spaltung des Molekülions statt. Im zweiten Temperaturbereich tritt auch ein alternativer Fragmentierungsweg auf: eine-Spaltung des Säurerestes des Sulfosukzinates.

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- . . - -. : - - .

     

Determination of total,and bound Se in sera by INAA

In this study we report on the comparison between the total selenium in serum (total Se) with that which is apparently bound to high molecular weight (>12,000 D) species, presumably proteins (bound Se). Nine hundred seventy seven (977) serum samples arising out of a population-based epidemiological study were prepared in duplicate for the determination of total Se by pipeting directly into irradiation vials; and separate duplicate aliquots were dialyzed against DI water for the determination of bound Se. All samples were analyzed by neutron activation analysis via^77mSe (17.4 s). A small dialyzable Se component (6%) (free Se), defined as the difference between the total Se minus the bound Se, was identified.     

Determination of Arsenic in Food Samples by Hydride Generation – Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A method for the determination of trace amounts of arsenic in food samples using flow injection analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation (FI-HG AAS) was developed. The parameters of the flow injection system and the hydride generation were optimized with respect to reagent concentrations, atomization temperature, injection volume, reaction coil length and carrier flow rate. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.34µgL^–1 and 1.2µgL^–:1, respectively, and the analytical curve is linear up to 30.0µgL^–1 arsenic. The relative standard deviation for 12 replicates varies between 5% for 4.0µgL^–1 As and 1.8% for 30.0µgL^–1 As, with an injection frequency of up to 135h^–1. Interferences from Ni(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Mo(II), Bi(III), Se(IV), Se(VI), Sb(III) and Sb(V) could be masked with a mixture of ascorbic acid-KI in a 5.0molL^–1 HCl solution. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by using certified reference materials of biological samples, and the method was used to determine the content of arsenic in fish and coffee beans.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Monomolecular Heterolysis of Commercial Organohalogen Compounds: XXXV.1 Solvation Effects on the Activation Parameters of Heterolysis of 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclopentane and 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane. Correlation Analysis of Solvation Effects

Kinetics of heterolysis of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclopentane and -cyclohexane in protic and aprotic solvents were studied. Correlation analysis of the effect of solvent parameters on G , H , and S was performed.     

Exciton Chirality. (A) Origins of and (B) Applications from Strongly Fluorescent Dipyrrinone Chromophores

Summary. (A) The origin of exciton interaction and examples of its application to organic stereochemistry are presented. (B) N,N-Carbonyl-bridged dipyrrinones constitute a new class of highly fluorescent chromophores suitable for investigations of stereochemistry and absolute configuration. N,N-Carbonylxanthobilirubic acid esters are strongly fluorescent, with a fluorescence quantum yield (_F) 0.8, but produce only weak exciton CD from the trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol template. The ester of an analog with benzoic acid replacing propionic, N,N-carbonyl-8-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3-ethyl-2,7,9-trimethyl-(10H)-dipyrrin-1-one, exhibits strong fluorescence (_F=0.68, _em=493nm, _ex=422nm in CHCl₃) and UV-Vis absorption (21000 at 424nm) in organic solvents. Its diester with (1S,2S)-cyclohexanediol is fluorescent and exhibits exciton circular dichroism (=+15dm³·mol^–1·cm^–1, =432nm; =–4dm³·mol^–1cm^–1, =380nm) that correlates with the Exciton Chirality Rule.     

Microcalorimetric studies of slag alkaline binders

Calorimetric measurements were carried out on the hydration of slag activated by sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and water glass at 60 °C. The results can be correlated with the mechanical properties of the cured cements. The studies confirmed the applicability of calorimetry in the testing of activators used in concrete technology.

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Zusammenfassung Die Hydratation von Schlacke bei 60 °C und Aktivierung mit Natriumhydroxid, Natriumcarbonat oder Wasserglas wurde durch kalorimetrische Messungen verfolgt. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich mit den mechanischen Eigenschaften der erhärteten Zemente korrelieren. Die Untersuchungen bestätigen die Brauchbarkeit der kalorimetrischen Methode zum Testen von Aktivatoren in der Betontechnologie.

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, 60° , . . , - .

     

Preparation and stereochemical characterization of some N-acyl-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazole derivatives from rotenoids

Summary Several new N-acyl derivatives of 1-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-7,8-di methoxy-1,9 b,2,3,3 a,4-hexahydro-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazole-1-ene have been prepared by appropriate chemical transformation of isohydrazones of rotenone and amorphigenin. A study of their¹H- and¹³C-NMR spectra confirmed the presence of the twocis 3a, 9b, 2 and 3a, 9b, 2 diastereomers in the parent isohydrazones and revealed the strong predominance of the conformers withendo orientation of the 3-NAc group. The conformations due to rotation about the 1,5-bond between rings C and D in the 4-OH and 4-O-substituted compounds were also determined by taking into account the anisotropic effect of aromatic rings A and D, and the hydrogen bond between 4-OH and the 2-N atom, as well as by inspecting the Dreiding models.

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Darstellung und stereochemische Charakterisierung einiger N-Acyl-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazol-Derivate von Rotenoiden

Zusammenfassung Mittels geeigneter chemischer Transformationen von Isohydrazonen von Rotenon und Amorphigenin wurden einige neue N-Acyl-Derivate von 1-(4-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-7,8-dimethoxy-1,9 b,2,3,3 a,4-hexahydro-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazol-1-en hergestellt. Eine Untersuchung ihrer¹H und¹³C-NMR-Spektren zeigt die Gegenwart von zweicis 3a, 9b, 2- und 3a, 9b, 2-Diastereomeren in den Ausgangs-Isohydrazonen und eine starke Bevorzugung der Konformeren mitendo-Orientierung der 3-NAc-Gruppe. Die Konformationen bezüglich der Rotation um die 1,5-Bindung zwischen Ring C und D werden für die 4-OH und 4-O-substituierten Verbindungen unter Berücksichtigung von Anisotropie-Effekten der aromatischen A- und D-Ringe, der Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen 4-OH und dem 2-N Atom und auch der Betrachtung der entspechenden Dreiding-Modelle diskutiert.

     

Free-radical addition reactions initiated by metal oxides, VI

CuO catalyzed additions of ethyl cyanoacetate, initiated thermally and by di-tert-butyl peroxide, to 1-decene and ethyl 10-undecylenoate were investigated. The CuO catalyzed reaction proceeds already at 80°C at a high rate, produces 11 adducts in high yields and represents the first example of catalysis in radical addition reactions of non-halogenated compounds.

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1- 10-, CuO, -.-. , CuO, 80°C, 11 . .

     

Crystal structure of 1-(2-pyridiniomethyl)-2,4-<Emphasis Type="Italic">bis</Emphasis>(phenylsulfonyl)benzene bromide

The crystal structure of 1-(2-pyridiniomethyl)-2,4-bis(phenylsulfonyl)benzene bromide, (C₂₄H₂₀NO₄S₂)⁺. Br^– (I) has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD)analysis. The triclinic structure of I (space group P1, a = 7.863 , b = 8.350 , c = 9.043 , = 94.00°, = 97.81°, = 104.62°, Z = 1) was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares analysis in an anisotropic approximation to R = 0.048 for all 4570 reflections collected (CAD-4 automatic diffractometer, CuK ). The geometrical parameters of the organic cation were determined with a sufficient degree of accuracy. The crystal structure of I involves a very strong interionic hydrogen bond N⁺-HBr^–.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by A. N. ChekhlovTranslated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 759–763, July–August, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.