Quantum bit commitment is weaker than quantum bit seals

We investigate the reduced dynamics of a central spin coupled to a spin environment with non-uniform coupling. Through using the method of time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group (t-DMRG), we nonperturbatively show the dissipative dynamics of the central spin beyond the case of uniform coupling between the central spin and the environment spins. It is shown that only when the system-environment coupling is weak enough, the central spin system shows Markovian effect and will finally reach the steady state; otherwise, the reduced dynamics is non-Markovian and exhibits a quasi-periodic oscillation. The frequency spectrum and the correlation between the central spin system and the environment are also studied to elucidate the dissipative dynamics of the central spin system for different coupling strengths.     

Entanglement Dynamics of Two Spin Qubits in a Spin Environment with Nonuniform Coupling

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of a two-spin-qubit system coupled to a spin environment with nonuniform coupling through using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method. We show that the entanglement generation and decay depend on the number of environment spins, the coupling strength between the central spin system and the environment, and the initial state of the central spin system.     

Entanglement Dynamics of Two Spins in Initially Correlated Wheel-Shaped Spin Baths

We study the effects of the initial correlations in environment on the entanglement dynamics of spin system. The correlated environment is novelly simulated by two correlated wheel-shaped spin baths, each consisting of an intermediate spin interacting with a spin-ring. The correlations in environment are achieved by the entanglement between two intermediate spins. The spin system includes two system-spins, and the interaction between the spin system and the environment is implemented by the coupling between the system-spin and the intermediate spin. Firstly, we analyze the influences of the initial entanglement between the two intermediate spins, the coupling parameters and the temperature of the baths on the entanglement dynamics of the two system-spins in equivalent subsystems. It is demonstrated that the initial entanglement between the baths can act as a resource for the generation and the revivals of the entanglement of the system-spins. Moreover, the amount of the generation and the revivals of the entanglement of the system-spins can be enhanced by regulating the coupling constants and the temperature of the baths. In addition, we also investigate the influences of different coupling ratios in non-equivalent subsystems, it is found that changing the coupling ratios of two subsystems has a significant effect on the generation and revivals of entanglement of system-spins.     

Influences of Initial States on Entanglement Dynamics of Two Central Spins in a Spin Environment

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of two electronic spins coupled to a bath of nuclear spins for two special cases, one is that two central spins both interact with a common bath, and the other is that one of two spins interacts with a bath. We consider three types of initial states with different correlations between the system and the bath, i.e., quantum correlation, classical correlation, and no-correlation. We show that the initial correlations (no matter quantum correlations or classical correlations) can effectively avoid the occurrence of entanglement sudden death. Irrespective of whether both two spins or only one of the two spins interacts with the bath, the system can gain more entanglement in the process of the time evolution for initial quantum correlations. In addition, we find that the effects of the distribution of coupling constants on entanglement dynamics crucially depend on the initial state of the spin bath.     

Dynamics of entanglement protection of two qubits using a driven laser field and detunings:Independent and common,Markovian and/or non-Markovian regimes

Preventing quantum entanglement from decoherence effect is of theoretical and practical importance in the quantum information processing technologies.In this regard,we consider the entanglement dynamics of two identical qubits where the qubits which are coupled to two independent(Markovian and/or non-Markovian) as well as a common reservoir at zero temperature are further interacted with a classical driving laser field.Then,we study the preservation of generated two-qubit entanglement in various situations using the concurrence measure.It is shown that by applying the classical driving field and so the possibility of controlling the Rabi frequency,the amount of entanglement of the two-qubit system is improved in the off-resonance condition between the qubit and the central cavity frequencies(central detuning) in both non-Markovian and Markovian reservoirs.While the central detuning has a constructive role,the detuning between the qubit and the classical field(laser detuning) affects negatively on the entanglement protection.The obtained results show that long-living entanglement in the non-Markovian reservoir is more accessible than in the Markovian reservoir.We demonstrate that,in a common reservoir non-zero stationary entanglement is achievable whenever the two-qubit system is coupled to the reservoir with appropriate values of relative coupling strengths.     

Disentanglement dynamics of interacting two qubits and two qutrits in an XY spin-chain environment with the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction

We investigate disentanglement dynamics of two coupled qubits and qutrits which interact uniformly to a general XY spin-chain environment with the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction. We obtained exact expression of the time evolution operator and analyzed the dynamical process of the decoherence factors. Through explicitly calculating the concurrence and the negativity, we examined disentanglement behaviors of two coupled central spins evolve from different initial pure states, which are found to be nontrivially different from those of the uncorrelated ones, in particular, the enhanced decay of the entanglement induced by quantum criticality of the surrounding environment may be broken by introducing self-Hamiltonian of the central spin system. Moreover, the DM interaction may have different influences on decay of the entanglement depending on the strength of the system-environment coupling, the anisotropy of the environmental spin chain and the intensity of the transverse magnetic field, as well as the explicit form of the initial states of the central spin system.     

Quantum coherence and correlation dynamics of two-qubit system in spin bath environment

The quantum entanglement,discord,and coherence dynamics of two spins in the model of a spin coupled to a spin bath through an intermediate spin are studied.The effects of the important physical parameters including the coupling strength of two spins,the interaction strength between the intermediate spin and the spin bath,the number of bath spins and the temperature of the system on quantum coherence and correlation dynamics are discussed in different cases.The frozen quantum discord can be observed whereas coherence does not when the initial state is the Bell-diagonal state.At finite temperature,we find that coherence is more robust than quantum discord,which is better than entanglement,in terms of resisting the influence of environment.Therefore,quantum coherence is more tenacious than quantum correlation as an important resource.     

Non-Markovian entanglement transfer to distant atoms in a coupled superconducting resonator

We investigate the non-Markovian effects on the entanglement transfer to the distant non-interacting atom qubits,which are embedded in a coupled superconducting resonator. The master equation governing the dynamics of the system is derived by the non-Markovian quantum state diffusion(NMQSD) method. Based on the solution, we show that the memory effect of the environment can lead to higher entanglement revival and make the entanglement last for a longer time. That is to say, the non-Markovian environment can enhance the entanglement transfer. It is also found that the maximum entanglement transferred to distant atoms can be modified by appropriately selecting the frequency of the modulated intercavity coupling. Moreover, with the initial anti-correlated state, the entanglement between the cavity fields can be almost completely transferred to the separated atoms. Lastly, we show that the memory effect has a significant impact on the generation of entanglement from the initial non-entangled states.     

非马尔科夫环境下耦合超导量子系统纠缠演化的数值研究

基于耦合超导量子比特系统模型下,在非马尔科夫环境中利用共生纠缠的方法分析了耦合系统纠缠的产生及其动力学的演化。研究了不同初始纠缠态下的纠缠猝死(ESD)和纠缠再生(ESB)现象;主要分析了系统耦合强度、库的截止频率与系统的振荡频率间的比值、温度和约瑟夫森能级差对纠缠演化的影响。结果表明:系统纠缠取决于初始纠缠态和系统的耦合强度J,并且通过调节以上非马尔科夫环境的相干参数可以延长解纠缠时间来确保量子计算过程中的应用和量子信息的实现。     

The Dynamical Evolution of Quantum Correlations in the Two Isolate Spin Particles Coupled to a Common Bath

We study the dynamical evolution of quantum correlations between two central spins independently coupled to a common bath, which are represented by quantum entanglement and quantum discord. According to the results of the exact solution, we show that quantum discord is more robust and includes richer correlation than quantum entanglement due to the nonvanishing quantum correlation in the region of entanglement death, i.e., the separable states maybe contain nonclassical correlations. We discuss the effects of the intrinsic properties of the bath on quantum correlation between the two central spins in the XY and XXZ model baths. At the low temperature, the central system can keep the good quantum correlation. With the more spin number in the bath, the dynamical evolution of quantum correlation can be bounded with the small oscillation and finally approaches a stable value. In addition, we find that the interaction between the central spins and the bath in the z direction has the significant effects on quantum correlation of the central spin system.     

Thermal Robustness of Entanglement in a Dissipative Two-Dimensional Spin System in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field

Recently new novel magnetic phases were shown to exist in the asymptotic steady states of spin systems coupled to dissipative environments at zero temperature. Tuning the different system parameters led to quantum phase transitions among those states. We study, here, a finite two-dimensional Heisenberg triangular spin lattice coupled to a dissipative Markovian Lindblad environment at finite temperature. We show how applying an inhomogeneous magnetic field to the system at different degrees of anisotropy may significantly affect the spin states, and the entanglement properties and distribution among the spins in the asymptotic steady state of the system. In particular, applying an inhomogeneous field with an inward (growing) gradient toward the central spin is found to considerably enhance the nearest neighbor entanglement and its robustness against the thermal dissipative decay effect in the completely anisotropic (Ising) system, whereas the beyond nearest neighbor ones vanish entirely. The spins of the system in this case reach different steady states depending on their positions in the lattice. However, the inhomogeneity of the field shows no effect on the entanglement in the completely isotropic (XXX) system, which vanishes asymptotically under any system configuration and the spins relax to a separable (disentangled) steady state with all the spins reaching a common spin state. Interestingly, applying the same field to a partially anisotropic (XYZ) system does not just enhance the nearest neighbor entanglements and their thermal robustness but all the long-range ones as well, while the spins relax asymptotically to very distinguished spin states, which is a sign of a critical behavior taking place at this combination of system anisotropy and field inhomogeneity.     

Correlation Dynamics of Three-Qubit System Under a Classical Dephasing Environment

By starting from the stochastic Hamiltonian of the three correlated spins and modeling their frequency fluctuations as caused by dephasing noisy environments described by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) processes, we study the dynamics of quantum correlations, including entanglement and quantum discord. Of course, in this article, we use two definitions for the quantum discord (global quantum discord and quantum dissension). We prepared initially our open system with the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and W states and present the exact solutions for evolution dynamics of entanglement and quantum discord between three spins under both Markovian and non-Markovian regime of this classical noise. By comparison the dynamics of entanglement with that of quantum discord we find that entanglement can be more robust than quantum discord against this noise. It is shown that by considering non-Markovian extensions the survival time of correlations prolong. Also, we compare the results of two definitions of the quantum discord and show that the quantum dissension is equal to the global quantum discord for GHZ state, but they are unequal for the W state.     

Entanglement Evolution of Two-Coupled Spins in a Time-Dependent Rotating Magnetic Field

We study the dynamics evolution of a two-qubit Heisenberg XXX spin chain under a time-dependent rotating magnetic field. Based on the algebraic structure of the non-autonomous system, the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation is obtained by using the method of algebraic dynamics. Based on the time-dependent analytical solution, we further study the entanglement evolution between the two coupled spins for different initial states, and find that the entanglement is determined by the coefficients of the initial state and the coupling constant $J$ of the system.     

含时旋转磁场中的两耦合粒子的纠缠演化(英文)

我们研究了含时旋转磁场中海森堡XXX模型下的双量子比特的动力学演化情况.基于此非自治系统的代数结构,我们用代数动力学方法求得了系统的精确解析解.在此基础上,进一步研究了在不同初态下系统的纠缠测度随时间的演化,发现纠缠测度由系统的初态的系数和耦合强度决定.     

Dynamics of Quantum Entanglement in Reservoir with Memory Effects

The non-Markovian dynamics of quantum entanglement is studied by the Shabani-Lidar master equation when one of entangled quantum systems is coupled to a local reservoir with memory effects.The completely positive reduced dynamical map can be constructed in the Kraus representation.Quantum entanglement decays more slowly in the non-Markovian environment.The decoherence time for quantum entanglement can be markedly increased with the change of the memory kernel.It is found out that the entanglement sudden death between quantum systems and entanglement sudden birth between the system and reservoir occur at different instants.     

Modulation of Entanglement for Coupled Superconducting Qubits Under Non-Markovian Environment

The evolution of entanglement decoherence is investigated for a coupled superconducting qubit under non-Markovian environment by utilizing a commensal entanglement degree. The results show that, owing to the memory feedback effect of environment, the entanglement degree of the coupled qubits at the thermal equilibrium always monotonously tends to zero so that entanglement sudden death occurs briefly in the non-Markovian process. Different from the Markovian process, stronger the dissipation is, faster the entanglement sudden death is. We find that, furthermore, the interaction between the qubits results generally in reduction of entanglement degree in the quantum system. With some special initial states or initial phase angles, however, the influence of the interaction between qubits on the system entanglement degree can be avoided.     

Non-Markovian entanglement sudden death and rebirth of a two-qubit system in the presence of system-bath coherence

We present a detailed study of the entanglement dynamics of a two-qubit system coupled to independent non-Markovian environments, employing hierarchy equations. This recently developed theoretical treatment can conveniently solve non-Markovian problems. We concentrate on calculating the death and rebirth time points of the entanglement to obtain a general view of the concurrence curve and explore the behavior of entanglement dynamics with respect to the coupling strength, the characteristic frequency of the noise bath and the environment temperature.     

Effects of three-body interactions on the dynamics of entanglement in spin chains

With the consideration of three-body interaction, dynamics of pairwise entanglement in spin chains is studied. The dependence of pairwise entanglement dynamics on the type of coupling, and distance between the spins is analyzed in a finite chain for different initial states. It is found that, for an Ising chain, three-body interactions are not in favor of preparing entanglement between the nearest neighbor spins, while three-body interactions are favorable for creating entanglement between remote spins from a separable initial state. For an isotropic Heisenberg chain, the pairwise concurrence will decrease when three-body interactions are considered both for a separable initial state and for a maximally entangled initial state, however, three-body interactions will retard the decay of the concurrence in an Ising chain when the initial state takes the maximally entangled state.     

Entanglement routers using macroscopic singlets

We propose a mechanism where high entanglement between very distant boundary spins is generated by suddenly connecting two long Kondo spin chains. We show that this procedure provides an efficient way to route entanglement between multiple distant sites. We observe that the key features of the entanglement dynamics of the composite spin chain are well described by a simple model of two singlets, each formed by two spins. The proposed routing mechanism is a footprint of the emergence of a Kondo cloud in a Kondo system and can be engineered and observed in varied physical settings.     

Generation of non-equilibrium thermal quantum discord and entanglement in a three-spin XX chain by multi-spin interaction and an external magnetic field

The generation of non-equilibrium thermal quantum discord and entanglement is investigated in a three-spin chain whose two end spins are respectively coupled to two thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. We show that the spin chain can be decoupled from the thermal reservoirs by homogeneously applying a magnetic field and including a strong three-spin interaction, and then the maximal steady-state quantum discord and entanglement in the two end spins can always be created. In addition, the present investigation may provide a useful approach to control coupling between a quantum system and its environment.