热过屈曲功能梯度壁板的气动弹性颤振

功能梯度材料的宏观物理性能随空间位置连续变化,能充分减少不同组份材料结合部位界面性能的不匹配因素.功能梯度壁板用作高速飞行器的热防护结构,能有效消除气动加热带来的壁板内部热应力集中.本文考虑热过屈曲变形引入的结构几何非线性,分析功能梯度壁板的气动弹性颤振边界.基于幂函数材料分布假设,采用混合定律计算功能梯度材料的等效力学性能.根据一阶剪切变形板理论、冯·卡门应变-位移关系和一阶活塞理论,基于虚功原理建立超声速气流中受热功能梯度壁板的非线性气动弹性有限元方程.采用牛顿-拉弗森迭代法数值求解壁板的热屈曲变形,分析超声速气流对热屈曲变形的影响机理.在壁板热过屈曲的静力平衡位置分析动态稳定性,确定了壁板的颤振边界.研究表明,当陶瓷-金属功能梯度壁板的组份材料沿厚度方向梯度分布时,会破坏结构的对称性导致壁板在面内热应力作用下发生指向金属侧的热屈曲变形.超声速气流中壁板热屈曲变形最大的位置随气流速压增大向下游推移,并伴随屈曲变形量的减小.热过屈曲壁板的几何非线性效应会提高壁板的颤振边界,这种影响在高温、低无量纲速压且壁板发生大挠度热屈曲变形时表现显著.较高无量纲气流速压下由于壁板的热屈曲变形被气动力限定在小挠度范围,几何非线性效应不明显.      

基于Mindlin横剪变形理论的功能梯度板热屈曲分析

Mindlin板理论对挠度和转角采用各自独立的场函数以反映一阶横向剪切变形,具有简明的表达式,适于建立功能梯度板的热屈曲分析模型。本文假设功能梯度材料沿板厚方向的分布为幂函数,采用混合定律和Mori-Tanaka方法计算功能梯度板的均质化等效力学性能。基于Mindlin板理论和von Karman应变-位移关系导出功能梯度板的非线性静力平衡方程,采用3结点三角形MIN3单元建立功能梯度板热屈曲的有限元模型,并分析了典型功能梯度板的热屈曲稳定性和热后屈曲变形。陶瓷-金属功能梯度板的数值计算结果表明:材料分布幂指数越大,即组份中陶瓷体积含量越少、金属体积含量越多,则陶瓷-金属功能梯度板的屈曲温度越低,且热后屈曲变形越大。这与陶瓷的弹性模量比金属的弹性模量大,但金属的热膨胀系数比陶瓷高有关;固支功能梯度板的热屈曲变形幅值比简支功能梯度板的热屈曲变形幅值低,但偏差量随着材料分布幂指数的增大略微降低。     

功能梯度与均匀圆板静动态解之间的相似转换关系

基于经典板理论,研究了功能梯度材料圆板的轴对称弯曲、屈曲和自由振动解与相应的均匀材料圆板解之间的转换关系.通过消去拉-弯耦合项得到了以挠度函数表示的功能梯度圆板的弯曲、屈曲和自由振动控制方程.分析功能梯度圆板与均匀圆板的控制方程之间的相似性,得到了功能梯度材料圆板与均匀圆板的解之间解的相似转换关系,在假定FGM圆板的材料性质沿厚分别以幂函数和指数函数的度变规律后,给出了相应的转换系数的解析表达式.该系数集中反映了功能梯度圆板的材料非均匀性.在已知均匀材料圆板轴对称解的条件下,可将功能梯度材料圆板轴对称问题的求解转化为相似转换系数的计算问题.这一方法可为非均匀板的求解提供了十分便捷有效的途径,而且便于工程应用.     

功能梯度材料剪切板屈曲后的自由振动

基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论和广义K偄rm偄n型方程,对热环境中功能梯度材料剪切板屈曲后的自由振动进行了分析,分析中同时考虑材料热物参数对温度变化的依赖性及热传导.数值算例给出均匀和非均匀温度场中功能梯度材料剪切板在轴向压缩荷载作用下的振动特性,并讨论了材料组分指数、温度场等参数变化所带来的影响.     

Modeling and analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite structures: A review

功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料是一种新一代的先进复合材料.在这种材料中,碳纳米管作为增强体在空间位置上梯度排布.功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料的力学行为已成为近年来材料科学与工程科学的研究热点.本文对功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料结构的建模与分析的研究进展进行评述,集中讨论功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料梁、板、壳在各种载荷条件下,边界条件下和环境条件下的线性和非线性弯曲、屈曲和后屈曲、振动和动力响应.文中所列成果可以看作是进一步研究的基石.最后,提出需要进一步研究的方向.     

功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料结构建模与分析研究进展

功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料是一种新一代的先进复合材料.在这种材料中,碳纳米管作为增强体在空间位置上梯度排布.功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料的力学行为已成为近年来材料科学与工程科学的研究热点.本文对功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料结构的建模与分析的研究进展进行评述,集中讨论功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料梁、板、壳在各种载荷条件下,边界条件下和环境条件下的线性和非线性弯曲、屈曲和后屈曲、振动和动力响应.文中所列成果可以看作是进一步研究的基石.最后,提出需要进一步研究的方向.     

轴向随动分布载荷作用下FGMs Timoshenko梁的后屈曲特性

研究了Timoshenko功能梯度材料梁在随动分布载荷作用下的后屈曲问题。在考虑轴线伸长和一阶横向剪切变形基础上,建立了在轴向分布随动载荷作用下一端简支一端固定Timoshenko功能梯度梁的过屈曲控制方程。其中假设功能梯度材料性质只沿厚度方向变化,并以成分含量的幂指数函数形式变化。采用打靶法求解了所得线性常微分两点边值问题,获得了随动载荷作用下Timoshenko功能梯度梁的过屈曲平衡路径和平衡构形。对比了Timoshenko梁和Euler梁的后屈曲行为,并分析了材料的体积分数指数和长细比对梁屈曲行为的影响。结果表明:考虑剪切变形的Timoshenko梁的后屈曲行为与Euler梁的后屈曲行为明显不同;体积分数指数一定时,随着长细比的增加,梁的临界载荷减小;长细比一定时,随着体积分数指数的增加,梁的临界载荷也减小。     

功能梯度复合材料板壳结构的弯曲、屈曲和振动

功能梯度材料通常是由两种如金属和陶瓷复合而成的一种新型非均匀复合材料.由于在这种材料中,各组份材料的体积含量在空间位置上是连续变化的,其物理性能没有突变,因而可较好地避免诸如在纤维增强复合材料中经常出现的层间应力问题或降低应力集中现象.功能梯度复合材料目前已被发展用来作高温环境下的结构构件.本文对功能梯度材料板壳结构分析的研究现状进行了评述, 集中讨论线性和非线性弯曲、屈曲和后屈曲、振动和动力响应.涉及各种边界条件下薄板壳和中厚板壳受热/机荷载作用的情况,并提出需要进一步研究的方向.图0参82      

Hamilton体系下功能梯度梁的热冲击动力屈曲分析

在Hamilton体系下,基于Euler梁理论研究了功能梯度材料梁受热冲击载荷作用时的动力屈曲问题;将非均匀功能梯度复合材料的物性参数假设为厚度坐标的幂函数形式,采用Laplace变换法和幂级数法解析求得热冲击下功能梯度梁内的动态温度场:首先将功能梯度梁的屈曲问题归结为辛空间中系统的零本征值问题,梁的屈曲载荷与屈曲模态分别对应于Hamilton体系下的辛本征值和本征解问题,由分叉条件求得屈曲模态和屈曲热轴力,根据屈曲热轴力求解临界屈曲升温载荷。给出了热冲击载荷作用下一类非均匀梯度材料梁屈曲特性的辛方法研究过程,讨论了材料的梯度特性、结构几何参数和热冲击载荷参数对临界温度的影响。     

含微孔洞损伤的压电功能梯度矩形板热屈曲分析

研究了含微孔洞缺陷的压电功能梯度材料矩形板的热屈曲相关特性。假定功能梯度层的材料参数如热膨胀系数及弹性模量均沿厚度方向呈指数变化,且四边简支边界条件。首先推导了屈曲平衡方程,然后结合数值算例分析了功能梯度层材料性能的梯度参数、厚度及长宽比对临界屈曲温度的影响,最后分析了微孔洞损伤对临界外荷载的影响。结果表明:板的薄厚程度对屈曲特性有较大的影响,板越薄则临界屈曲温度越低;材料属性的梯度变化越大,临界屈曲温度也越低;微孔洞缺陷带来的损伤对于临界屈曲荷载的影响很小,但对于某些特殊情况,如需要更精准的传感器设计则不建议忽略,且损伤影响随着板厚增大而减小。     

Thermal post-bunkling analyses of functionally graded material rod

The non-linear governing differential equations of immovably simply supported functionally graded material (FGM) rod subjected to thermal loads were derived. The thermal post-buckling behaviors of FGM rod made of ZrO2 and Ti-6Al-4Vwere analyzed by shooting method. Firstly, the thermal post-buckling equilibrium paths of the FGM rod with different gradient index in the uniform temperature field were plotted, and compared with the behaviors of the homogeneous rods made of ZrO2 and Ti-6A1-4V materials, respectively. For given value of end rotation angles, the influence of gradient index on the thermal post-buckling behaviors of FGM rod was discussed. Secondly, the thermal post-buckling characteristics of the FGM rod were analyzed when the temperature difference parameter is changed while the bottom temperature parameter remains constant, and when the bottom temperature parameter is changed while the temperature difference parameter remains constant, and compared with the characteristics of the two homogeneous material rods.     

Thermal buckling and postbuckling of FGM circular plates with in-plane elastic restraints

Based on von Karman's plate theory, the axisymmetric thermal buckling and post-buckling of the functionally graded material(FGM) circular plates with inplane elastic restraints under transversely non-uniform temperature rise are studied. The properties of the FGM media are varied through the thickness based on a simple power law. The governing equations are numerically solved by a shooting method. The results of the critical buckling temperature, post-buckling equilibrium paths, and configurations for the in-plane elastically restrained plates are presented. The effects of the in-plane elastic restraints, material property gradient, and temperature variation on the responses of thermal buckling and post-buckling are examined in detail.     

非保守力下温度场中FGM圆板的非线性力学行为

研究了温度场中非保守功能梯度材料(FGM)圆板的非线性力学行为.基于经典板理论,推导了受非保守力作用的FGM圆板在温度场中的控制微分方程.采用打靶法分析了由陶瓷二氧化锆和金属钛合金两相材料组成的非保守FGM圆板在均匀和非均匀升温场中的非线性力学行为.给出了不同均匀升温和非均匀升温场下,FGM圆板在非保守载荷作用下的平衡...     

Post-buckling analysis of FGM annular sector plates based on three dimensional elasticity graded finite elements

In this article, post-buckling and non-linear bending analysis of functionally graded annular sector plates based on three dimensional theory of elasticity in conjunction with non-linear Green strain tensor is considered. In-plane normal compressive loads have been applied to either radial, circumferential, or all edges of annular sector plates. Material properties are graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of constituents while Poisson׳s ratio is assumed to be constant. The governing equations are developed based on the principle of minimum total potential energy and solved based on graded finite element method. Non-linear equilibrium equations are solved based on iterative Newton–Raphson method. The effects of material gradient exponent, different sector angles, thickness ratio, loading condition and two different boundary conditions on the post-buckling behavior of FGM annular sector plates have been investigated. Results denote that due to the stretching–bending coupling effects of the FGMs, the post-buckling behavior of movable simply supported FGM plates is not of the bifurcation-type buckling. Moreover, FGM annular sector plates subjected to uniaxial compression at radial edges show a non-linear bending behavior with unique and stable equilibrium paths following a flattening feature.     

Creep buckling and post-buckling analysis of the laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic functionally graded plates

The creep buckling and post-buckling of the laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic functionally graded material (FGM) plates are studied in this research. Considering the transverse shear deformation and geometric nonlinearity, the Von Karman geometric relation of the laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic FGM plates with initial deflection is established. And then nonlinear creep governing equations of the laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic FGM plates subjected to an in-plane compressive load are derived on the basis of the elastic piezoelectric theory and Boltzmann superposition principle. Applying the finite difference method and the Newmark scheme, the whole problem is solved by the iterative method. In numerical examples, the effects of geometric nonlinearity, transverse shear deformation, the applied electric load, the volume fraction and the geometric parameters on the creep buckling and post-buckling of laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic FGM plates with initial deflection are investigated.     

Nonlinear bending and post-buckling of a functionally graded circular plate under mechanical and thermal loadings

Based on the classical nonlinear von Karman plate theory, axisymmetric large deflection bending of a functionally graded circular plate is investigated under mechanical, thermal and combined thermal–mechanical loadings, respectively, and axisymmetric thermal post-buckling behavior of a functionally graded circular plate is also investigated. The mechanical and thermal properties of functionally graded material (FGM) are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate, and obey a simple power law of the volume fraction of the constituents. Governing equations for the problem are derived, and then a shooting method is employed to numerically solve the equations. Effects of material constant n and boundary conditions on the temperature distribution, nonlinear bending, critical buckling temperature and thermal post-buckling behavior of the FGM plate are discussed in details.     

THERMAL POST-BUCKLING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL TIMOSHENKO BEAMS

Analysis of thermal post-buckling of FGM (Functionally Graded Material) Timoshenko beams subjected to transversely non-uniform temperature rise is presented. By accurately considering the axial extension and transverse shear deformation in the sense of theory of Timoshenko beam, geometrical nonlinear governing equations including seven basic unknown functions for functionally graded beams subjected to mechanical and thermal loads were formulated. In the analysis, it was assumed that the material properties of the beam vary continuously as a power function of the thickness coordinate. By using a shooting method, the obtained nonlinear boundary value problem was numerically solved and thermal buckling and post-buckling response of transversely non-uniformly heated FGM Timoshenko beams with fixed-fixed edges were obtained. Characteristic curves of the buckling deformation of the beam varying with thermal load and the power law index are plotted. The effects of material gradient property on the buckling deformation and critical temperature of beam were discussed in details. The results show that there exists the tension-bend coupling deformation in the uniformly heated beam because of the transversely non-uniform characteristic of materials.     

Buckling and post-buckling analyses for an axially compressed laminated cylindrical shell of FGM with PFRC in thermal environments

In this paper, investigation on buckling and post-buckling behaviors of a laminated cylindrical shell of functionally graded material (FGM) with the piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) actuators subjected to thermal and axial compressed loads is presented. Based on the Donnell assumptions, the material properties of the FGM layer vary smoothly through the laminated cylindrical shell thickness according to a power law distribution of the volume fraction of constituent materials. In the present study, a numerical procedure for the laminated cylindrical shell is used based on the Ritz energy method and the nonlinear strain–displacement relations. Some useful discussion and numerical examples are presented to show various effects of temperature field, volume fraction and geometric parameters on the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of the laminated cylindrical shell with PFRC.     

Thermal buckling and post-buckling response of imperfect temperature-dependent sandwich FGM plates resting on elastic foundation

Post-buckling behaviour of sandwich plates with functionally graded material (FGM) face sheets under uniform temperature rise loading is considered. It is assumed that the plate is in contact with a Pasternak-type elastic foundation during deformation, which acts in both compression and tension. The derivation of equations is based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory. Thermomechanical non-homogeneous properties of FGM layers vary smoothly by the distribution of power law across the thickness, and temperature dependency of material constituents is taken into account. Using the non-linear von-Karman strain-displacement relations, the equilibrium and compatibility equations of imperfect sandwich plates with FGM face sheets are derived. The boundary conditions for the plate are assumed to be simply supported in all edges. The governing equations are reduced to two coupled equation in terms of stress function and lateral deflection. Employing the single mode approach combined with Galerkin technique, an approximate closed-form solution is presented to calculate the critical buckling temperature and post-buckling equilibrium path of the plate. Presented numerical examples contain the influences of power law index, sandwich plate geometry, geometrical imperfection, temperature dependency, and the elastic foundation coefficients.