基于动态光谱的脉搏血氧测量精度分析

脉搏血氧仪具有连续、无创、快速、准确监测人体动脉血氧饱和度和心率的功能,现已在临床上发挥重要作用.脉搏血氧饱和度检测法结合分光光度测定法和容积描记法2个基本方法,用红光和红外光同时对手指及耳垂等组织照射和检测.红外光和红光的容积描记图的波幅比值,随动脉血氧饱和程度而变化.目前使用的脉搏血氧仪基本上采用的是传统的脉搏血氧饱和度检测方法,由于其结果受到测量原理,测量条件及个体差异等多方面因素影响,精度不能令人满意.文章从动态光谱的观点出发,通过分析传统脉搏血氧测量原理中产生误差的原因,从理论上推导出实现高精度脉搏血氧测量的方法.动态光谱方法在原理上具有抑制或克服个体差异和测量条件对检测光谱影响的优点.采用该方法可以消除脉搏血氧饱和度测量的理论上的绝大部分误差.     

High Spatial Resolution Multi-Site EPR Oximetry: The Use of a Convolution-Based Fitting Method

We describe a new method to enhance the spatial resolution of multi-site electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. The method is suitable for any shape (density distribution function) of a solid paramagnetic material implanted in tissue. It corrects distortions of lineshapes caused by the gradient and thus overcomes limitations of previous multi-site EPR oximetry methods that restricted the ratio of the particle size to the distance between sites. The new method is based on consecutive applications of magnetic field gradients with the same direction but with a different magnitude and uses a convolution-based fitting algorithm to derive Lorentzian EPR linewidths of each individual peak of the EPR spectrum. The method is applicable for any particulate EPR oxygen sensitive materials whose EPR spectra can be approximated by a Lorentzian function or a superposition of Lorentzian functions. By incorporating this model of the lineshape in the data processing, we are able to decrease significantly the number of parameters needed for the calculations and to recover the oxygen concentration, even from quite noisy spectra. We (i) describe our method and the data-processing algorithm, (ii) demonstrate our approach in model and in vivo experiments, and (iii) discuss the limitations.     

宽频带激光自由空间传输的调制特性研究

基于惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式,研究了宽带光束在菲涅耳衍射区的自由空间传输特性,得到宽带光束传输的调制深度与光束带宽Δλ及菲涅耳数F的变化关系。结果表明:一定的带宽对光束的均匀性有适当的改善;当光束的带宽Δλ<2λ0/F时,带宽越大,光束越均匀;当带宽满足条件Δλ=2λ0/F时,菲涅耳衍射完全消失;在一定的菲涅耳数范围内,宽带光束的调制深度随菲涅耳数振荡变化,振荡曲线的主极大值和次极大值分别出现在菲涅耳数为奇数和偶数处,而极小值则出现在菲涅耳数F=2k±1/3(k=1,2,3,…)处,在极小值处光束的均匀性最好。     

Propagation of a Rectangular Pulse in an Anomalous Dispersive Medium

The pulse with a rectangular envelop propagating through the caesium vapour with two gain lines used inthe Wang, Kuzmich, and Dogariu [Nature (London) 406 (2000) 277] experiment is studied. It is shown that there existsan obvious distortion for the pulse.     

Single Ultrashort Attosecond Pulse Generation via Combination of Chirped Fundamental Laser and an Ultraviolet Controlling Pulse

We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from a hydrogen atom in an intense few-cycle chirped fundamental laser in combination with an ultraviolet (uv) controlling pulse.The high-order harmonic spectrum is calculated by solving the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation using the split-operator method.In our calculation,we present the difference of the high-order harmonic spectrum from one-dimensional (1D) model hydrogen atom and three-dimensional (3D) real hydrogen atom.We found that the plateau of the high-order harmonic generation from the 1D case and 3D case are all extended effectively to I p + 35U p due to the presence of the chirped laser pulse and the HHG supercontinuum spectrum is generated by adding an ultraviolet controlling pulse at a proper time,but the efficiency of the HHG for 3D case is more higher at the near cut-off region than the 1D case.Therefore,the generation of the attosecond pulse by synthesizing the harmonics near cut-off region have some slight differences between 1D and 3D simulations.As a real 3D case study,we show that an isolated 18 as pulse with a bandwidth of 232.5 eV is generated directly by optmizing the combination laser fields.     

扩展物体漫反射光传输及成像的数值模拟研究

对扩展漫反射体的成像进行了数值模拟研究，利用近轴近似标量波动方程及其分步相屏算法，对漫反射体反射的相对于接收孔径光轴的近轴光传输及其成像进行数值模拟计算分析，结果表明该模拟算法是可行的，也对图像传输的湍流效应进行了初步计算和讨论。     

Propagation of a Rectangular Pulse in an Anomalous Dispersive Medium

The pulse with a rectangular envelop propagating through the caesium vapour with two gain lines used in the Wang, Kuzmich, and Dogariu [Nature (London) 406 (2000) 277] experiment is studied. It is shown that there exists an obvious distortion for the pulse.     

圆柱对称光脉冲在负色散克尔介质中的传输

利用变分法得到了任意光脉冲传输的一般特性及高斯光脉冲压缩（或扩展）的必要条件，这说明在一定初始条件下时空非对称的光脉冲也可形成“光子弹”，在某些区域内，通过时空耦合作用，光束的空间会聚可以导至脉宽的压缩。     

Reflection and Refraction of an Airy Pulse at a Moving Temporal Boundary

Reflection and refraction of Airy pulses at a moving step refractive-index boundary are investigated. A comb-like reflected spectrum and an Airy-like transmitted spectrum are formed as an Airy pulse crosses a temporal boundary without initial group velocity mismatch or initial central frequency shift. The reflected and refracted pulses are significantly influenced by the location of temporal boundary and time-dependent refractive index change. The energy of each lobe of the comb-like reflected spectra can be controlled by changing the value of decay factor of the Airy pulse. In the case of an Airy pulse with an initial launch frequency shift, the reflected and refracted frequency shifts depend on the dispersion relation of the medium. The results can be used in potential applications involving optical manipulation.     

光脉冲在含玻色元激发的非线性介质中的传播与面积定理

研究了取决于场与玻色（ｂｏｓｏｎ元激发瞬间相互作用的光信号传播问题。导出了相应的‘面积定理’，是将只关系到光脉冲在二能级系统中传播的面积定理的一种推广。所得结果和用光与玻色物质耦合模型对增强吸收型光双稳的解决是一致的。     

啁啾脉冲放大系统中光栅展宽器的性能与实验研究

论述了啁啾脉冲放大技术中运用单光栅展宽器结构将少光脉冲在时域进行啁啾展宽的原理及特性，导出了该展宽器所提供色散量的具体表达式及其展宽后激光脉冲宽度的计算，然后通过数值计算分析了其展宽因子及展宽比随各参量的之间的变化关系；本文在此基础上进一步获得了实验的测量结果。     

啁啾脉冲受激布里渊散射的理论研究

推导了描述调频激光受激布里渊散射的耦合波方程和准静态近似下增益因子的表达式，分析了啁啾脉冲的散射过程，讨论了泵浦激光和斯托克斯信号光率调制方式，带宽对泵浦光能量抽取效率和斯托克斯光脉冲波形的影响。     

基于空间频率域滤波的漫反射光大气湍流传输数值仿真方法

在基于目标回光的激光瞄准系统和目标在回路(TIL)系统中都要使用目标照明漫反射回光作为系统工作的基础.数值仿真在研究光波传输特性的过程中一直发挥着重要作用.由于漫反射光场发散角很大,给数值计算带来困难.一般的处理方法是进行分段空间域滤波,但这会大大增加计算量.提出一种计算漫反射光传榆的频率域滤波方法.频域滤波基本不增加...     

分段滤波用于消除脉搏血氧检测中多种运动干扰的研究

脉搏血氧饱和度检测仪可以无损、实时地检测动脉血液中的含氧百分比,从而快速对人体的呼吸状况以及心肺功能作出判断,但其检测精度极易受到测试部位运动的影响.人体测试部位的运动大致可以分为突发性运动干扰以及周期性的运动干扰.突发性干扰表现在局部脉搏波的波形突变上,而周期性的干扰体现在多个局部脉搏波的波形的周期性变化上.文章有针对性地提出了一种将微分阈值分段与迭带中值滤波相结合的方法来剔除突发扰动的方法,并且在上诉方法上再加上一级多点移动平滑以消除周期性运动干扰.实验证明该方法在消除多种运动伪差上有着较好的效果,且该方法计算简单,易于实现,有着一定的实际应用价值.     

几周期余弦-高斯激光脉冲的时间重心

研究了几周期超短余弦-高斯脉冲的时间重心与绝对相位以及与余弦函数参量之间的关系．给出了几周期超短余弦-高斯脉冲时间重心的解析表达式和模拟图形．结果表明，余弦-高斯脉冲的时间重心随着绝对相位的变化而发生漂移，并且脉冲宽度对余弦-高斯脉冲时间重心的漂移量也有一定的影响．余弦函数的参量在一定取值范围内对余弦-高斯脉冲也有较大的影响，它可能导致几周期余弦-高斯脉冲的时间重心有较大的漂移．     

飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中超连续谱产生的研究

从非线性薛定谔方程出发,利用分步傅里叶方法,研究了时空耦合飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,传输距离、入射激光脉冲峰值功率、衍射、色散和非线性等因素对超连续谱产生的影响。结果表明,飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,超连续谱的产生主要分为两阶段：由材料的自聚焦等三阶非线性效应引起的脉冲压缩阶段及由自相位调制和材料群速度色散引起脉冲分裂阶段。当高峰值功率的飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,材料的三阶非线性效应抑制衍射效应,引起脉冲压缩,从而产生子脉冲,由此引入新的频率成分。同时,还研究了同一脉冲不同横向空间位置处的超连续谱的变化规律,在中心频率两侧均有新频率产生。最后,通过实验证实了超连续谱的产生。     

用信息熵描述非线性光传输的研究

结合光束传输的薛定谔形式理论，基于量子机制的信息熵被用来描述非线性光传输，理论推导和数值模拟结果表明：信息熵及其对光传输方向的变化率可以表征光脉冲的压缩或展宽或光束的聚焦与发散，用信息熵表征非线性光传输优于对用脉（束）宽，二阶矩表征。     

Compression of Nanosecond Pulses upon Reflection from a Thermally Nonlinear Medium

We consider a boundary-value problem for nonlinear total internal reflection of laser pulses from a semi-infinite thermally nonlinear medium. Numerical modeling of the pulse forming upon reflection under the conditions of interaction of counter-propagating waves in a scheme with a retrodirective mirror has been carried out the approximation of noninterfering pulses, the possibility of controlling the shape and compression of the pulse in the nanosecond range of durations has been shown. The results obtained are in qualitative agreement with the known experimental data.     

光的界面反射特性研究

以菲涅尔公式为基础,推导得出物质反射率与交界的两种介质相对折射率的关系,并用Origin软件进行数值模拟,很好地解释了光反射中的一种实验现象。     

实现暗态的三芯耦合波导设计及其非线性脉冲传输特征

暗态效应被广泛应用于量子信息处理.通过纤芯结构的设计,在三芯耦合波导中实现了该量子效应,并数值研究了非线性对暗态的影响.研究发现,在几个耦合长度内,当波导1中的输入为归一化功率等于1的低能量光脉冲时,波导2与3中没有光传输;当入射光的归一化功率增大到1000时,波导2与3中依然没有明显光传输,且对比度超过4个数量级.然...