Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.     

Coumarins of three species of the genusHaplophyllum

The results are given of an investigation of three species of the genusHaplophyllum: H. villosum, H. kowalenskyi, andH. tenue, fromwhich five substances of coumarin nature have been isolated. Of them, two substances (I and II) have been identified as scopoletin and lomatin isovalerate, respectively, while suitable structures have been established for the new compounds tenuidin, villosin, and tenudiol. It has been shown that the coumarin composition of the plants changes with the growth site.     

Structure of the products of acid hydrolysis of panaxosides D, E, and F

Summary The substances obtained in the acid hydrolysis of panaxosides D, E, and F have been isolated and characterized. Probable structures for these substances have been given on the basis of the results of chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 164–167, 1967     

Water-soluble polymer carriers. Ionically bonded substances with physiological activity

The preparation of water-soluble polymers with physiological activity via ion bonding of low molecular weight physiologically active substances to a polymer carrier has been studied. The conditions for obtaining polymer salts of physiologically active substances with acid properties and amino-containing polymer carrier have been established. The maximum conversion degree has been determined. The polymer salts have been characterized by potentiometric titration, ³¹P-NMR and IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The stability of the salts and the immobilization rate of the low molecular weight physiologically active substances have been investigated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 1933–1938, 1997     

Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedineii, No. 5, pp. 643–646, September–October, 1993.     

Composition of the resinous substances of conifer needles. I. Group composition of the resinous substances of the needles of the pinePinus silvestris

A system of solvents has been selected for the successive extraction of pine needles (benzene, isopropanol, and isopropanol + chloroform). Extraction was carried out by the steeping method at room temperature, and the yield of resinous substances was 19.4%. The extractive substances isolated consisted of neutral compounds, glycolipids, and phospholipids. The group compositions of the neutral substances have been determined by column chromatography. The predominating components in them are hydrocarbons (15.9%), diglycerides (10.7%), and waxy substances (27.6%).Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 396–398, May–June, 1979.     

Technology of the production of pectin substances from the fruit ofSorbus aucuparia

The optimum conditions for the isolation of pectin substances from a pulp of the European mountain ash freed from lipophilic substances have been studied, and the characteristics of the substances are given.Academician I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 777–780, November–December, 1979.     

Pectin substances ofAmaranthus cruentus

Pectin substances have been isolated from the epigeal pan of love-lies-bleeding,Amaranthus cruentus (A. caudatus), and have been characterized. The presence in them of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, and glucose residues has been established. The titrimetric indices of the substances isolated have been determined and they have been studied by IR spectroscopy.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 7–9, January–February, 1996. Original article submitted August 14, 1995.     

Coumarins of three species of the genusHaplophyllum

The results are given of an investigation of three species of the genusHaplophyllum: H. villosum, H. kowalenskyi, andH. tenue, fromwhich five substances of coumarin nature have been isolated. Of them, two substances (I and II) have been identified as scopoletin and lomatin isovalerate, respectively, while suitable structures have been established for the new compounds tenuidin, villosin, and tenudiol. It has been shown that the coumarin composition of the plants changes with the growth site.Leningrad Sanitary-Hygienic Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 800–803, November–December, 1980.     

Spektrophotometrische Untersuchung Der Wechselwirkung Zwischen Rh(III) und 4-(2-Pyridylazo)-Resorzin

Abstract

A detailed investigation has been made of Che pH versus light absorption curves of solutions of PAR and Rh(III) in various concentrations. It has been shown, that depending on tile acidity of the solution, two different substances will be formed; the optimal conditions of the formation of each substance has been found. The molar absorptivities have been determined and the equilibrium and stability constants of the formed substances have been computed from the absorbance versus pH curves.     

Synthese von in 2- bzw. 3-Stellung substituierten Alkandiphosphonsäuren

Synthesis of 2- or 3-substituted Alkanediphosphonic Acids Syntheses of substances of the general formula RCX(PO₃H₂)₂ X = OH, H, Cl, NH₂ have been known for a long time. The preparative possibilities for the synthesis of alkanediphosphonic acids containing an amino group or a chlorine atom in the 2- or 3-position were limited, only 2 substances from this class of compounds being known. Further examples of this class of substances have been synthesized.     

Neutral compounds of the extractive substances of larix gmelini

The composition of the neutral fraction of the resinous substances of the wood of the Dahurian larch growing in the region of BAM [Baikal Amur Railway] has been investigated. About 40 terpenoids have been identified, and the compositions of the saturated hydrocarbons and aliphatic alcohols have been determined (GLC). The main components of the neutral substances are bicyclic compounds with the labdane structure: epimanool, and larixol and its monoacetate, making up about one-third of the neutral substances. In contrast to the species of larch studied previously, in the Dahurian larch we found squalene, cycloartenone, and pimosylvin dimethyl ether; in contrast to the Siberian larch, this species contained no epitorulosol and its derivatives.S. M. Kirov Academy of Wood Technology, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 56–63, January–February, 1986.     

Isolation of bioactive preparations from alcoholic extracts ofChlorella vulgaris

Summary Three groups of bioactive substances (provitamins of the A group, vitamins of the F group, and sodium chlorophyllin) have been isolated from alcoholic extracts of the micro algaChlorella vulgaris. The conditions of separating these substances are given. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the groups isolated have been investigated by paper chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and spectral analysis.Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 213–216, March–April, 1979.     

Influence of colloid suspensions of humic acids on the alkaline hydrolysis of N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐p‐toluene sulfonamide

The influence of humic substances (HSs) upon the alkaline hydrolysis of N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐p‐toluene sulfonamide has been studied. Important inhibition of hydrolysis reaction has been reported. This inhibition has been explained in terms of association of reactants to the humic substances. Kinetic results have been modeled using the micellar pseudophase model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 316–322, 2010     

The hormonal system of plants

Higher plants generate active substances, termed phytohormones, having the character of tissue hormones. Some of these compounds have been isolated and identified, namely ethylene, heteroauxins, and gibberellic acids. Cell-elongation inhibitors have been detected, but not yet isolated or identified. Natural and synthetic substances with hormone-analogous effects and those with a hormone-antagonistic effect have become known; evidently, they act on the hormonal system of plants which regulates growth, differentiation, and development and can serve as model substances for as yet unknown phytohormones. Certain physiological phenomena suggest the existence of additional phytohormones.     

The Influence of the Specific Surface Area of Adsorbent upon the Optimization of the Process of Adsorption Thin-Layer Chromatography

Abstract

An important aspect of the influence of specific surface area of adsorbent on R_M values of substances obtained in the process of adsorption thin-layer chromatography has been presented in the paper. The experiments have been conducted with four adsorbents, each having different specific surface area, that is, from 50 to 500 m²/g and with the use of mixed binary solvent mobile phases of benzene-aliphatic alcohol type. It has been proved that R_M values of investigated substances of group B change regulary according to the specific surface area of adsorbent for individual concentrations of mobile phase. The relationship may be described by means of square trinominal. The parameters of trinominal may be tabulated and the differentiation of the parameters for particular substances is observable at the same time. The relationship in question may be utilized to calculate R_M, values of studied substances on any adsorbent with known specific surface area.     

Carbohydrates ofMelo zard pang

Alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectin substances have been isolated from melon juice pulp. The substances isolated have been studied by IR spectroscopy.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (998 71) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 442–444, July–August, 1999.     

Phospholipids of the seed kernel of sunflowers

Conclusions The qualitative and quantitative composition of the phospholipid complex of the kernels of seeds of the oil-richHelianthus annuus and of the substances associated with them have been investigated by chromatography in a thin layer of silica gel.The phospholipids consist of four groups of substances: phosphatidylcholines (51.3%), phosphatidylethanolamines (22.6%), phosphatidylinositols (21.8%), and phosphatidic acids (4.3%).The substances associated with the phospholipid complex are cerebrosides and glycolipids, forming two groups in each case.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 292–296, 1970     

Detoxification of AM-241 solutions by humic substances: bioluminescent monitoring

The study addresses the effect of humic substances on marine luminous bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum exposed to Am-241 (3,000 Bq L⁻¹, water solution). Luminescent intensity of the bacteria was applied as a marker of their physiological activity. Humic substances have been found to reduce the effect of Am-241 on luminescence, decrease damage to cells, and change distribution of Am-241 between bacterial cells and intercellular media. It was shown that water-soluble humic substances, being products of natural transformation of organic substances in soil and bottom sediments, can serve as protecting agents for water microorganisms exposed to alpha radionuclides.     

Technology of the production of pectin substances from the fruit ofSorbus aucuparia

The optimum conditions for the isolation of pectin substances from a pulp of the European mountain ash freed from lipophilic substances have been studied, and the characteristics of the substances are given.