超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr与WC-Co涂层高温结合性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂在PCrNi3MoVA钢基体上分别制备了Cr3C2-NiCr与WC-Co涂层,并对涂层进行了800℃高温后续处理.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析两种涂层表面及涂层截面组织,分析涂层界面结合状态.用SANS CMT5305型拉伸试验机分别测试两种涂层在常温和高温处理后的结合强度.结果表明,常温下Cr3C2-NiCr与wC-Co涂层与基体的结合能力相似,高温下Cr3C2-NiCr涂层与基体的结合能力基本保持不变,而WC-Co涂层发生剥落.     

酚醛树脂/石墨双极板复合材料的实验研究

以酚醛树脂与石墨粉料为原料通过热模压成形得到一种燃料电池双极板材料.采用正交试验方法研究了石墨含量、固化时间以及固化温度对复合材料的影响.同时研究了单因素与正交试验中,石墨含量对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:石墨含量对复合材料的电导率与弯曲强度影响显著,其次为固化时间与固化温度,但对复合材料的性能影响不显著;影响复合材料导电率的三个因素最佳组合为为A3B5C1,此时电导率为171.2 s/cm.影响弯曲强度的最优组合为A2B3C2,弯曲强度为62.9 MPa.在单因素与正交试验中,复合材料的弯曲强度随石墨含量的增加而减小,对于复合材料的导电率,单因素试验中,随石墨含量的增加而增加,而在正交实验中,却出现先增加后减小的趋势.     

环氧树脂/石墨双极板复合材料的性能分析

以固态环氧树脂(EP)粉与石墨(G)粉混合物为原料,通过低温热压烧结制得一种双极板材料.研究了EP/G复合材料的弯曲强度和电导率随环氧树脂含量、模压温度和保温时间的影响变化.结果表明:随着环氧树脂含量的增加,EP/G复合材料的弯曲强度呈先上升后下降趋势,在EP含量为10;(质量分数)时达到最大,而电导率呈下降趋势;随模压温度的升高,EP/G复合材料的弯曲强度逐渐变大,电导率则先增长后降低;随着保温时间的延长,EP/G复合材料的弯曲强度和电导率都呈现先增长后降低的变化趋势;环氧树脂含量为10;质量分数,模压温度为275 ℃,保温时间为100 min时,所得复合材料弯曲强度为53.11 Mpa,电导率达到209.25 S/cm.     

C/SiC复合材料表面SiC/Zr-Si-C/SiC复合涂层的制备及性能研究

为提高C/SiC复合材料的抗氧化性能,设计了致密的CVD-SiC涂层和多孔的熔盐法Zr-Si-C涂层相间的涂层体系.通过实验测试,建立了该涂层的生长模型,并考核了材料在1773 K的抗氧化性能.氧化结果显示,材料在氧化2h后的失重率为仅0.67;,弯曲强度保留率为99.7;,不同组成相间的结构涂层呈现出优异的抗氧化性能.     

pH值对ZrO2超细粉体料浆性能的影响

研究了不同pH值时超细ZrO2粉体料浆的Zeta电位、沉降速度和粘度等性能.测试了加入柠檬酸三铵作分散剂和A型分散剂(聚丙烯酸盐)以及不加分散剂时料浆的Zeta电位,结果证明采用A型分散剂分散效果最好,在pH=10.53时Zeta电位具有最大负值-44.28mV,研究了不同pH值时料浆的沉降情况,在pH=10.55时料浆沉降速度最慢,同时研究了pH值对料浆粘度的影响,在pH=10.66时料浆粘度最低.料浆呈现出剪切变稀特性,在pH值为10～11范围内,成型的坯体网络结构稳定,最大弯曲强度达到53.90MPa.     

层状C/ZrB2-SiC复合材料素坯成型工艺的研究

采用两种不同素坯成型工艺制备层状C/ZrB2-SiC复合材料,并对其微观结构和力学性能进行研究.结果表明:高温下预压成型制备的层状ZrB2-SiC复合材料层厚均匀,界面平直,弯曲强度和断裂韧性较高,分别达到427MPa和11.3 MPa·m1/2.而室温下预压成型各层厚度不均,界面弯曲,出现界面交叉现象,弯曲强度和断裂韧性较低,分别为277 MPa和9.4 MPa·m1/2.采用素坯高温预压成型制备的层状C/ZrB2-SiC复合材料力学性能较高,主要归因于界面平直,裂纹交替通过基体层和界面层,裂纹的扩展路径变长,断裂功增加.     

S掺杂调节SnTiO3带隙的第一性原理研究

获得窄的带隙和大的极化强度是提高铁电光伏材料性能的关键.本文采用第一性原理方法,研究了S掺杂对SnTiO3带隙和极化强度的影响.通过计算两种最可能的替换掺杂位置,确定了稳定的SnTiO3-xSx掺杂结构.研究发现,S的掺杂会引起SnTiO3沿c轴拉伸,使c/a值变大,带隙宽度变小,极化强度变大.SnTiO3-xSx在x=0.33和x=0.5时的带隙相同,此时S掺杂量的改变并没有引起带隙的变化;但S掺杂量增加到x=1时(即SnTiO2S)具有金属性.进一步的态密度分析表明,S适量掺入后与Ti和Sn成键,降低了Ti的非占据态能量,导带的Ti 3d轨道向低能级移动,从而使掺杂SnTiO2S的带隙由SnTiO3的1.87 eV降低到1.01 eV.通过Bader电荷分析SnTiO2S带隙降低的原因,结果显示,S的引入导致SnTiO2S中离子电荷的总数变小,体系整体电离度变弱,从而引起带隙变小.使用Berry相方法计算表明,随着掺杂量的增加,SnTiO3-xSx的极化强度也会增加.本工作从理论上预测S掺杂能够降低无Pb材料SnTiO3的带隙并使其保持大的极化强度,为改善SnTiO3的铁电光伏特性提供了一种有效手段.     

金刚石磨粒/Cu-Sn-Ti合金/金属胎体复合节块界面微结构

采用铜锡钛(Cu-Sn-Ti)合金钎料分别利用两种常规钎焊方法进行金刚石磨粒预钎焊处理试验并制备复合节块.通过静压强度试验测试了预钎焊磨粒的静压强度,通过三点抗弯试验测试了复合节块的强度,并使用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X型射线衍射仪分析预钎焊金刚石磨粒和复合节块断口的微结构.结果表明:真空炉中预钎焊后金刚石磨粒表面形貌较好,Cu-Sn-Ti合金钎料与金刚石在预钎焊过程中发生了界面元素扩散,形成化学结合界面,Cu-Sn-Ti合金钎料对金刚石的热损伤较小;预钎焊金刚石磨粒的体积浓度为10; ～40;时复合节块抗弯强度达到791MPa以上,高于常规金刚石节块强度;预钎焊金刚石磨粒与金属胎体在烧结过程中发生了界面元素扩散,形成冶金结合,复合节块界面结合强度高.     

Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2表面涂层对3D-Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法在三维碳纤维预制体(3D-Cf)表面形成Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2涂层,而后采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备了3D-Cf/SiC复合材料,通过SEM、XRD等分析测试手段以及三点弯曲等试验方法,研究了碳纤维的界面对复合材料的微观结构、力学性能的影响.结果表明,Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2涂覆处理后的碳纤维的强度约为原始碳纤维的96.8;,涂层碳纤维在复合材料断裂过程中起到了较好的增韧作用,涂层处理后的3D-Cf/SiC复合材料的抗弯强度达303 MPa,断裂韧度达6.5 MPa/m1/2.     

浸渍-裂解工艺对无压烧结制备六方氮化硼陶瓷性能的影响

以硼酸-尿素混合水溶液作为h-BN先驱体,对无压烧结制备的高纯h-BN陶瓷进行了浸渍-裂解-二次无压烧结处理,以提高其致密度和性能.研究了先驱体溶液浓度和循环次数对浸渍-裂解-烧结后h-BN陶瓷的显微结构及性能的影响.结果表明,随着先驱体溶液浓度的增大,h-BN陶瓷的密度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性和热导率均先升高后降低,浓度为68wt;时均达到最大.浓度过高会导致先驱体溶液在浸渍过程中发生析出,反而不利于浸渍.随着循环次数的增加,h-BN陶瓷的致密度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性及热导率均逐渐增大,但趋势逐渐变缓.循环6次得到的h-BN陶瓷的密度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性和热导率分别为1.465 g./cm3、84.1 MPa、1.52 MPa·m1/2、44.36 W·m-1·k-1,相对于未处理的h-BN陶瓷分别提高4.7;、31.6;、63.7;、31.2;.     

机械力粉磨对再生微粉性能的影响

为提高再生微粉的利用率,对再生微粉进行机械力粉磨处理.研究了超微气流粉碎和振动球磨对再生微粉性能的影响.采用激光粒度分析仪、XRD、SEM和压力试验机对再生微粉的粒径分布、物相构型、微观形貌和砂浆的抗压强度进行表征,并按国标对再生微粉活性指数进行检测.结果表明:气流粉碎机粉磨的再生微粉的粒径分布范围窄、粒形规整、填充效果好、活性高;利用气流粉碎机对再生微粉进行处理,提高了再生微粉的利用率和利用范围.     

Preparation of amorphous composites with polymer-derived silicon nitride matrix reinforced by three-dimensional silica fiber

Perhydropolysilazane, a low viscosity preceramic polymer with good infiltration efficiency and high char yield, was used to prepare amorphous composites with polymer-derived silicon nitride matrix reinforced by three-dimensional silica fiber, and the mechanical properties and microstructures were investigated. The composites without fiber coating showed a typical brittle fracture behavior with a smooth fracture surface, and a flexural strength of just 33.5 MPa. While the composites with fiber coating exhibited a non-brittle fracture behavior with distinct fiber pull-out in the fracture surface, and a high flexural strength of 144.9 MPa. It was the controlled fiber/matrix interface by precoating treatment that contributed to the high mechanical property of the composites.     

Preparation, characterization and non-linear optical properties of pristine m-nitroaniline (m-NA) and its recycled polystyrene (Re-PS) coated single crystals

Meta-nitroaniline (m-NA) is one of the organic single crystals extensively studied due to its high non-linear effect. m-NA is also known to exhibit comparable or even better non-linear optical (NLO) properties than known inorganic materials. In this paper, we report development of m-NA single crystals by solution growth technique using different solvent systems. The size of the single crystal varies depending on solvent. The highest average crystal size acquired was 10 mm×5 mm×5 mm using methyl ethyl ketone and acetone as solvent. These single crystals were characterized using various physico-chemical techniques such as XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The developed crystals were subsequently coated with recycled polystyrene (Re-PS) (1, 2, 5 and 10 wt% concentrations) to study the effect of polymer coating on the second harmonic generation (SHG) properties of the single crystals. The purpose of polymer coating on m-NA single crystal is to improve surface morphology of crystal (i.e. it makes surface smooth) and to enhance power handling capacity for pulse laser of a crystal which, in turn, improves the SHG intensity. The optimum percentage of coating was determined for the m-NA single crystals obtained from different solvent systems. Furthermore, the polymer coating also plays key role in preventing the degradation of the m-NA crystal (well-known as highly sublime material) and ultimately increasing the shelf life of the crystal for its device application.     

溶液等离子喷涂氧化锆涂层力学性能的研究

采用溶液等离子喷涂技术(SPPS)制备了氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆(7YSZ)热障涂层(TBCs).热障涂层剥落失效的影响因素众多,其中很多都与涂层的力学性能相关.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和硬度计等研究了涂层的力学性能.结果表明,SPPS涂层的弹性模量约为58 GPa,硬度约为7 GPa,比大气等离子喷涂(APS)涂层高了15;左右;SPPS涂层的断裂韧性为1.8~2 MPa·m1/2,结合强度约为25 MPa.SPPS涂层因为低的孔隙率和更好的板条之间的结合带来了力学性能的提升.     

镁合金表面制备Al2O3/Ni复合涂层抗腐蚀性的研究

为了改善镁合金的抗腐蚀性,用电泳沉积法在AZ91D镁合金表面沉积两种不同比例的Al2O3/Ni复合涂层.在干燥器皿中放置12h后,放入真空烧结炉中,在300℃下保温4h.通过X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对涂层的形貌,物相和微观结构进行分析;将试样浸泡在3.5wt;的NaCl溶液中,通过电化学极化曲线和阻抗谱对涂层的抗腐蚀性进行测试.结果显示,与纯Al2O3涂层相比,Al2O3/Ni复合涂层由于添加了Ni,涂层孔隙率降低,同时降低了涂层与基底热膨胀系数的不匹配程度,提高了结合强度.在四种不同比例的涂层中,Al2O3与Ni质量比为1:3的复合涂层,表面结构更加均匀致密化,涂层的抗腐蚀性能最好.     

Effect of oxygen content on barrier properties of silicon oxide thin film deposited by dual ion-beam sputtering

A silicon oxide thin film barrier was prepared with various oxygen contents and its chemical composition, surface morphology and optical and barrier properties were related to the deposition conditions used. Our study showed that under Ar and O₂ assisted process conditions, a stoichiometric silicon oxide thin film formed at a critical oxygen content during deposition of 40-50%. The thin films deposited at the critical condition showed the lowest surface roughness giving similar or higher optical transmittance than that of the bare polycarbonate (PC) substrate. The boiling and tensile strength test performed on the thin film deposited with assisted ions before the deposition process showed improvement in the adhesion between the oxide layer and the polymer substrate. In addition, interface modification to improve for improving the barrier layer properties of the silicon oxide thin film was achieved through the introduction of dual ion beam sputtering without pre-treatment.     

Formation and properties of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloy coating prepared by wire arc spraying process

Wire arc spraying process was used to deposit FeBSiCrNbMnY amorphous/nanocrystalline alloy coating onto stainless steel substrate. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning election microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coating is about 500 μm in thickness with fully dense and low porosity. The microstructure of the coating is classified into two regions, namely, a full amorphous phase region and homogeneous dispersion of α Fe, Cr nanoscale particles with a scale of 30–60 nm in a residual amorphous matrix region. The formation mechanism of the amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy was discussed. Mechanical properties, such as microhardness and wear resistance of the coating were also analyzed. The Vickers hardness of the coating is around Hv = 900–1050. The relatively wear resistance of the amorphous/nanocrystalline alloy coating is about 3× than that of crystalline structure 3Cr13 martensite stainless steel coating under the same wear testing condition. The FeBSiCrNbMnY amorphous/nanocrystalline alloy coating has high microhardness and excellent wear resistance.     

生物贝壳在静态/动态三点弯曲载荷下的性能表征

在贝壳的基本力学性能研究中,疲劳性能的研究较能模仿外界环境对生物贝壳带来的累积损伤,从而揭示贝壳独有的结构在疲劳变形与损伤过程中的作用。本文选取产自大连海域的紫石房蛤(Saxidomus purpuratus)贝壳作为研究材料,对其进行静态和动态三点弯曲测试,并对断口表面进行了表征。结果表明,这种贝壳材料可以成功进行弯曲疲劳测试,并且动态弯曲载荷下的疲劳强度比相应的静态载荷下的强度略小。     

Tribo-pair dependence of friction and wear moisture sensitivity for a-C:Si:Al carbon-based coating

Providing a low, predictable and stable friction as well as low wear for mechanical components across a wide range from dry to wet atmosphere is of great importance in many engineering applications, the urgent challenge is to control tribological moisture sensitivity of their protective coatings. In this paper, the a-C:Si:Al carbon-based coating was fabricated successfully using multifunctional magnetron sputtering system. The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-fabricated coating were investigated; especially the friction and wear of coating sliding against Si₃N₄, SiO₂, GCr15, brass and aluminum counterparts were evaluated under different relative humidity atmospheres. Results showed that the as-fabricated a-C:Si:Al carbon-based coating presented typical amorphous microstructure and good combined mechanical properties. Under low relative humidity conditions, the graphitized carbon tribo-layers on the contact surfaces were responsible for low friction; under high relative humidity conditions, the low shear strength colloidal silica on the contact surfaces induced by tribo-chemical reaction were mainly responsible for low friction. In particular, the lowest tribological moisture sensitivity can be achieved by the a-C:Si:Al/SiO₂ pair, which was mainly attributed to the formation of tribo-layers on the contact surfaces induced by the graphitization and tribo-chemical reaction under different relative humidity conditions. These indicate that the a-C:Si:Al carbon-based coating might be a good candidate as low tribological moisture sensitivity material in engineering applications.     

Cd0.80Zn0.20Te晶体的生长及性能研究

用本实验室合成的Cd0.80Zn0.20Te多晶料为原料,采用改进的布里奇曼法在镀碳和未镀碳的石英安瓿中生长出Cd0.80Zn0.20Te晶锭。使用X射线衍射仪对合成产物及晶锭进行了分析,生长晶体的X射线衍射峰尖锐,摇摆谱对称,表明晶锭的结晶性能较好;用IRPrestige-21红外光谱仪分析了晶体的红外透射光谱,测试结果表明安瓿镀碳后生长的晶体位错密度小,均匀性较好,电阻率优于未镀碳安瓿生长的晶体;晶体的蚀坑密度在103~104cm-2之间,比未镀碳安瓿生长的晶体低1个数量级。