Synthesis and Characterization of CeO2 Nanoparticles via Solution Combustion Method for Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity Studies

CeO₂ nanoparticles have been proven to be competent photocatalysts for environmental applications because of their strong redox ability, nontoxicity, long-term stability, and low cost. We have synthesized CeO₂ nanoparticles via solution combustion method using ceric ammonium nitrate as an oxidizer and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as fuel at 450 °C. These nanoparticles exhibit good photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activity. The obtained product was characterized by various techniques. X-ray diffraction data confirms a cerianite structure: a cubic phase CeO₂ having crystallite size of 35 nm. The infrared spectrum shows a strong band below 700 cm⁻¹ due to the Ce−O−Ce stretching vibrations. The UV/Vis spectrum shows maximum absorption at 302 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum shows characteristic peaks of CeO₂ nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images clearly show the presence of a porous network with a lot of voids. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, it is clear that the particles are almost spherical, and the average size of the nanoparticles is found to be 42 nm. CeO₂ nanoparticles exhibit photocatalytic activity against trypan blue at pH 10 in UV light, and the reaction follows pseudo first-order kinetics. Finally, CeO₂ nanoparticles also reduce Cr^VI to Cr^III and show antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.     

透明纳米CeO2的合成与表征

采用胶溶法合成了表面修饰十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DBS）的CeO2纳米粒子有机溶胶，探讨了制轩CeO2纳米有机溶胶的最佳实验条件TEM分析表明，CeO2（DBS）纳米粒子呈球形，约3nm，粒径分布均匀，无团聚现象。ED分析表明，CeO2（DBS）纳米粒子为多晶结构。     

超声化学制备单分散金属纳米钯

A simple sonochemical technique is used to synthesize palladium nanoparticles in a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solvent at room temperature. The reaction based on chemical reduction of PdCl₂ by ascorbic acid (AA). The as prepared Pd nanoparticles are highly dispersed and uniform in size (with average size of ～20nm). The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

CeO2@Au核壳结构纳米粒子的合成与性质研究

采用沉淀法制备了球形CeO2纳米粒子,将其作为核粒子溶液,然后向其中滴加四氯合金酸溶液,在CeO2胶体表面利用柠檬酸钠还原[AuCl4]-离子,得到了CeO2@Au核壳结构纳米粒子。TEM分析表明,CeO2纳米粒子分散效果好,粒径为5 nm;CeO2@Au核壳粒子为球形,无团聚,平均粒径为15 nm。XRD分析表明,CeO2@Au核壳粒子为晶型结构,属于立方晶系,CeO2空间群为O5H-FM3M,Au的空间群为Fm-3m。UV-vis分析发现,CeO2@Au核壳粒子在300和520 nm处呈现出两个比较强的吸收峰,分别对应于CeO2胶体溶液的吸收峰和金粒子的表面等离子共振吸收峰。EDS分析了核壳结构CeO2@Au纳米粒子中存在Ce,O和Au 3种元素。XPS分析表明,Ce3d3/2和Au4f电子结合能与标准结合能相比发生了变化,说明CeO2与Au之间存在着相互作用。     

影响纳米CeO2沉淀法合成的工艺因素研究

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源, (NH4)2CO3·H2O为沉淀剂, 加入少量表面活性剂作分散剂, 采用液相沉淀法成功合成了纳米CeO2. 研究了反应温度、反应时间、搅拌速率、表面活性剂种类及用量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间等因素对纳米CeO2晶粒尺寸和相对密度的影响, 得出优化工艺条件, 通过XRD, DTA/TG, TEM, BET比表面积、 N2等温吸附与脱附、 BJH脱附孔径分布及杂质含量分析等方法对合成产品性能进行了表征. 结果表明 采用浓度为0.1 mol·L-1的(NH4)2CO3·H2O溶液快速倒入浓度为0.1 mol·L-1 的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O溶液中以化学计量比进行反应, 同时加入0.4% (质量分数) PEG4000, 反应时间为10 min, 反应温度为40 ℃, 搅拌速率为800 r·min-1, 经水洗、醇洗、脱水和真空干燥后所得的前驱体于300 ℃的空气中焙烧1 h, 该条件下合成的CeO2属于立方晶系, 空间群为Fm3m, 原生晶粒粒径为5 nm左右, 颗粒粒径为20 nm以下, 比表面积达140.61 m2·g-1, 孔径分布为5～15 nm, 孔径峰值为9.3 nm, 纯度≥99.97%.     

V^5＋离子掺杂纳米氧化铈的合成与表征

以硝酸铈、柠檬酸和偏钒酸铵为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-Gel)法制备了V5+离子掺杂纳米CeO2粉体.利用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)和 扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了合成反应条件(焙烧温度、V5+掺入量等)对合成物的微观结构、物相组成以及性能的影响.XRD分析表明所合成的CeO2纳米晶粒具有空间群符号为Fm3m的立方晶体结构.随焙烧温度的升高,合成的CeO2晶粒结晶度增高.对甲基蓝的光催化降解试验表明,纳米CeO2对甲基蓝具有较好的光催化降解效果,焙烧温度对纳米CeO2的光催化活性有较大影响,适量V5+的掺入有利于提高纳米 CeO2的光催化降解效果,掺1%V5+离子的CeO2光催化降解甲基蓝6 h,其降解率可达89%以上.     

Synthesis of Monodisperse Lanthanum Hydroxide Nanoparticles and Nanorods by Sonochemical Method

In this work, monodisperse nanoparticles and nanorods of lanthanum hydroxide was synthesized from the reaction of lanthanum(III) nitrate and sodium hydroxide by sonochemical method. The effect of some of the parameters such as feeding rate of precursors, different solvents of reaction, time of sonication, and various surfactants on the particle size and morphology of products was studied. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of CeO2 Nanoparticles

The preparation and characterization of cerium oxide nano-powder has attracted much attention over the past few years due to their great potential in many fields. It is commonly used in glass, ceramics, fluorescence powder and catalyst etc.1. Cerium oxide was produced by oxalic acid decomposition in industry. Take this way, the products are pure but the size of powder is large ( ＞3 μ m )2. Up to now,various methods have been reported to synthesize ultra fine cerium oxide powders, such as homogeneous deposition method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method and spray deposition method etc. 3-6. However, these methods are not convenient for synthesis of large amounts of powders because of the difficulty of technique and expensive equipment involved. Although sol-gel method is well suited to synthesize ultrafine powders, this reaction is always in high temperature.     

氧化亚铜单晶的声化学制备及表征(英)

So far,m any im portant sem iconductor m aterialssuch as ZnO,SnO2,Cu2O,In2O3have been synthesizedby using a variety of techniques including sol-gelm ethod[1],direct oxidation m ethod[2],m icrowave irradia-tion[3,4],sonochem ical m ethod[5],solution disper…     

多角金属纳米镍的化学液相制备、表征以及负载TiO2的光催化研究

用不同剂量的水合肼还原镍盐以制备金属镍纳米材料。通过调节添加剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),聚乙二醇(PEG-20000))用量,pH值等来控制金属镍的形貌和尺寸。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所合成样品的物相结构及形貌进行了表征,结果表明:以CTAB为添加剂,pH控制在12.4时可得到具有特殊多角结构的立方相镍纳米颗粒,其内核直径为400～600nm,分散较均匀。采用表面吸附仪测定了样品的N2吸附脱附等温线,并由BET理论模型计算出样品的比表面积。通过层层组装的方法在其表面担载TiO2,制备了镍-二氧化钛复合材料,研究了复合材料在紫外光照射下降解亚甲基兰的性能。实验结果表明,复合材料具有良好光催化性能,利用镍的磁性,还能方便地实现从催化体系中的分离,以便回收利用。     

Sonochemical Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Metal Hydroxide and Carbonate (M:Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba) Nanoparticles

In this work Mg(OH)₂, Ca(OH)₂, CaCO₃, SrCO₃ and BaCO₃ nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple sonochemical reaction at room temperature. Nanoparticles were synthesized via a surfactant-free reaction solvent water. Nanostructures materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The photocatalytic behavior of nanoparticles was evaluated using the degradation of a methyl orange aqueous solution under ultraviolet light irradiation. The results show that metal hydroxide and metal carbonate nanoparticles are promising materials with excellent performance in photocatalytic applications.     

PLA制备Tb-Si纳米颗粒及室温光致发光性能研究

采用脉冲激光烧蚀技术(PLA)在n型Si(100)单晶衬底上制备Tb-Si纳米颗粒。原子力显微镜(AFM)观察样品的表面形貌,发现样品表面是均匀分布的纳米颗粒,颗粒尺寸在10~20 nm之间,分布密度大约为6×1010/cm2。光电子能谱(XPS)及高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)分析表明,纳米尺度的单晶硅化物颗粒的主要成分为Tb-Si及少量Tb-Si-O结构。室温下以荧光为激发光对样品的光致发光(photoluminescence)性能进行测试,结果表明样品在可见光区具有较强的发光现象,主要有4个发光峰,分别位于485,545,585和620 nm附近,这些发光峰主要由Tb3+中电子在不同能级之间的跃迁造成。     

掺杂镧的TiO2纳米粒子的光致发光及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和掺杂La的TiO2纳米粒子,并利用XRD,TEM,XPS和荧光光谱(FS)等对样品进行表征,主要考察焙烧温度和La含量对TiO2纳米粒子的性质以及光催化降解苯酚活性的影响,并探讨了La的掺杂对TiO2相变的作用机制以及FS光谱与光催化活性的关系.结果表明,适量La掺杂能够提高TiO2纳米粒子FS光谱强度,这是因为La掺杂能够使表面氧空位和缺陷的浓度增加;600℃热处理的掺杂不同量La的TiO2样品的光催化活性顺序是:1%＞1.5%＞3%＞0.5%＞5%＞0%,这与它们的FS光谱强度的顺序是一致的,即FS光谱强度越高,其光催化活性越高.这是因为在光致发光过程中,FS信号主要来源于表面氧空位和缺陷,而在光催化反应过程中,表面氧空位和缺陷能够有利于光生电子被捕获.     

不同形貌ZnO纳米粒子的超声化学法制备与表征

One-dimensional ZnO nanorods and shuttle-like ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully achieved by ultrasonic irradiation of Zn (CH3COO)2 aqueous solution and Zn-NH3 complexcs solution. The obtained ZnO nanoparticles have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electronic diffraction (SAED). And the formative mechanism of the prepared different morphological ZnO nanoparticles is also discussed under ultrasonic irradiation.     

超声分散法制备Sn-Cd纳米微粒

用超声分散法制备了Sn-Cd纳米微粒,用XRD和TG/DTA研究了样品的晶型与结构,用TEM观察了样品的形貌,考察了超声功率对纳米颗粒粒径的影响,并在四球机上研究了样品的摩擦学性能.     

掺杂Ce的TiO_2纳米粒子的光致光及其光催化活性

采用sol-gel法制备了纯的和掺杂不同量Ce的TiO_2纳米粒子，并利用XRD， TEM，BET，XPS和PL光谱对样品进行表征，主要考察焙烧温度和含量对掺杂Ce的 TiO_2纳米粒子性质以及光催化降解苯酚活性的影响，并探讨了Ce的掺杂对TiO_2相 变的作用机制以及PL光谱与光催化活性的关系，结果表明，掺杂的Ce~(4+)没有进 入到TiO_2晶格中，而是以小团簇的CeO_2化学态均匀地弥散在TiO_2纳米粒子中， 这可能导致了Ce的掺杂对TiO_2的相变有很大的抑制作用；Ce的掺杂没有引起新的 光致发光现象，而适量Ce的掺杂能够降低TiO_2纳米粒子PL光谱的强度，这是因为 掺杂的Ce~(4+)易于捕获光生电子而生成Ce~(3+);600℃处理的掺杂Ce的TiO_2纳米 粒子表现出较高的光催化活性，这说明600℃是比较合适的焙烧温度，而掺杂不同 量的Ce的TiO_2样品的光催化活性顺序是：3 mol%＞4 mol%＞2 mol%＞5 mol%＞1 mol%＞0 mol%，这与它们的PL光谱强度的顺序是相反的，即PL光谱强度越低，其 光催化活性越高，这说明PL光谱与其光催化活性间有着必然的联系，这是因为掺杂 剂Ce~(4+)能够捕获光生电子，在光致发光过程中使PL光谱强度下降，而在光催化 反应过程中使有机污染物加快氧化。     

金纳米颗粒的绿色合成及光催化性能的研究

以八月札植物提取液为还原剂,绿色合成了平均粒径为19 nm的类球形、多晶金纳米颗粒。通过紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和X-射线能谱(XPS)分析,对金纳米颗粒的形貌、成分及微观结构进行表征。基于4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)的降解,考察了金纳米颗粒的光催化性能。在可见光的照射下,4-NP降解的动力学速率常数最大可达0.42 min~(-1)。可见,八月札制备的金纳米颗粒具有优异的光催化性能。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Photocatalytic Properties of Ag/TiO2 Composite Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning

Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) embedded titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanofibers were fabricated by colloidal sol process, electrospinning, and calcination technique. Calcination of the electrospun nanofibers were heat treated at 600°C for 180 minutes in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited that the anatase phase and silver coexisted in the resulted Ag NPs/TiO₂ nanofibers; transmission electron microscopy demonstrated Ag NPs well spread in the porous microstructure of composite fibers. The prepared nanofibers were utilized as photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange. The degradation rate of methyl orange dye solution containing Ag/TiO₂ composite nanofibers is 99% only after irradiation for 3 hours. It is proposed that these new Ag NPs/TiO₂ composite nanofibers will have potential application in water pollution treatment.      

Synthesis and Characterization of NASICON Nanoparticles by Sol-gel Method

Na superionic conductor(NASICON) nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method and sintered at a temperature range of 800―1000 ℃.The performance of the samples was characterized by the analysis methods of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) as well as conductivity measurement.Compared with those sintered at other temperatures,the NASICON material sintered at 900 ℃ had the best crystalline structure and higher conductivi...     

超声辐射法制备与表征DDP修饰锡纳米微粒

金属纳米微粒因自身特殊的光、电、磁和热力学等性能而在催化、光电装置、信息存储以及润滑等领域中有着广阔的应用前景[1~5],因而制备具有特定性能的金属纳米微粒一直是纳米技术领域中的一个研究热点[6~8]。目前制备金属纳米微粒常用的方法主要包括物理法(机械粉碎[9]、气相沉