Efficient UV-emitting X-ray phosphors: octahedral Zr(PO4)6 luminescence centers in potassium hafnium–zirconium phosphates K2Hf1−xZrx(PO4)2 and KHf2(1−x)Zr2x(PO4)3

Potassium hafnium–zirconium phosphates, K₂Hf_1−xZr_x(PO₄)₂ and KHf_2(1−x)Zr_2x(PO₄)₃, are broad-band UV-emitting phosphors. At room temperature, they have emission peak maxima at approximately 322 and 305 nm, respectively, under 30 kV peak molybdenum X-ray excitation. Both phosphors demonstrate luminescence efficiencies that make them up to 60% as bright as commercially available CaWO₄ Hi-Plus. The solid-state and flux synthesis conditions, and X-ray excited UV luminescence of these two phosphors are discussed. Even though the two compounds have different atomic structures, they contain zirconium in the same active luminescence environment as that found in highly efficient UV-emitting BaHf_1−xZr_x(PO₄)₂. All the three materials have hafnium and zirconium in octahedral coordination via oxygen-atom corner sharing with six separate PO₄ tetrahedra. This octahedral Zr(PO₄)₆ moiety appears to be an important structural element for efficient X-ray excited luminescence, as are the edge-sharing octahedral TaO₆ chains for tantalate emission.     

Impacts of fluorine on the electrochemical properties of Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2 and Li[Li0.2Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55]O2

The impact of the fluorine substitution on the electrochemical properties of layered lithium nickel manganese positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries is summarized. The addition of a controlled amount of fluorine to the oxygen lattice can effectively improve the capacity retention as well as reduce the impedance of the positive electrode materials. The fluorination of the nickel and manganese based layered oxide cathode material has also led to significant improvement in cycle life and power capability of the battery.     

Crystal structure, phase relations and electrochemical properties of monoclinic Li2MnSiO4

Phase relations in the MnO-SiO₂-Li₄SiO₄ subsystem have been investigated by X-ray diffraction after solid-state reactions in hydrogen at 950-1150 °C. Both cation-deficient and cation-excess solid solutions Li_2+2xMn_1−xSiO₄ (−0.2?x?0.2) based on Li₂MnSiO₄ have been found. According to Rietveld analysis, Li₂MnSiO₄ (monoclinic, P2₁/n, a=6.3368(1), b=10.9146(2), c=5.0730(1) Å, β=90.987(1)°) is isostructural with γ_II-Li₂ZnSiO₄ and low-temperature Li₂MgSiO₄. All components are in tetrahedral environment, (MnSiO₄)²⁻ framework is built of four-, six- and eight-member rings of tetrahedra. Testing Li₂MnSiO₄ in an electrochemical cell showed that only 4% Li could be extracted between 3.5 and 5 V against Li metal. These results are discussed in comparison with those for recently reported orthorhombic layered Li₂MnSiO₄ and other tetrahedral Li₂MXO₄ phases.     

Synthesis and electrochemical characteristics of oxysulfide spinel material for lithium secondary batteries

Oxysulfide spinel LiMn₂O_3.98S_0.02 powders with monodispersed, and highly homogeneous particles were synthesized by a sol-gel method using an aqueous solution of metal acetates and sulfide containing glycolic acid as a chelating agent. The oxysulfide spinel, LiMn₂O_3.98S_0.02 electrode initially delivers 80 mAh g⁻¹, steadily increases during cycling, and reaches 99 mAh g⁻¹ at the 20th cycle. The substitution of a small amount S for O in LiMn₂O₄ spinel helps to maintain structural integrity during cycling, which then overcomes the Jahn–Teller distortion in the spinel Mn phase in the 3 V region.     

A novel three-dimensional malonate-bridged complex {[Cu4(4,4′- bpy)8(mal)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2(H2O)4(CH3OH)2}n

A novel malonate-bridged copper (II) compound of formula {[Cu₄(4,4′-bpy)₈(mal)₂(H₂O)₄](ClO₄)₂(H₂O)₄(CH₃OH)₂}_n (4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine; mal = malonate dianion) has been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. This compound exhibits a novel three-dimensional network being composed of Cu-4,4′-bipyridine layers which are pillared by malonate bridge ligands. The copper(II) ions has two different coordination environment.     

Two novel coordination polymers [Sm2(Pzdc)3(H2O)]x · 2xH2O and [Nd2(Pzdc)3(H2O)]x · 2xH2O: Synthesis, structure, and photoluminescent properties

Coordination polymers, [Sm₂(Pzdc)₃(H₂O)] _x · 2xH₂O (I) and [Nd₂(Pzdc)₃(H₂O)] _x · 2xH₂O (II), were obtained by hydrothermal reactions with 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid (H₂Pzdc) and the salts nitrates, and characterized by single crystal X-ray structure, thermogravimetric analysis, element analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal diffraction data indicates that two complexes crystal in a monoclinic system with the space group P2₁/c, of the three dimensional framework. The Pzdc ligand in the complexes I and II adopts tetradentate, hexadentate, and heptadentate bridging modes. The influences of coordination modes of the Pzdc ligand on the superstructural diversity is discussed. The photoluminescent data suggest that the ligands act as efficient “antennas” sensitizing the luminescence of the Sm³⁺ ion. Complex I exhibits strong fluorescent emission bands in the solid state at room temperature.     

Electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 films produced by combustion reaction

Lithium manganese oxide powders were prepared via combustion reaction. Structural characterization of the powder using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a LiMn₂O₄ nanosized powder. LiMn₂O₄ films were prepared by spin coating using 80 wt% of oxide, 15 wt% of polyaniline (PAni) as an electronic conductor and 5 wt% of polyvinylidene (PVDF) as a binder in N.N.-dimethyl acetamide. A Coulombic efficiency of 96% confirmed the electrochemical stability of the composite. The variation in impedance as a function of the lithium intercalation/deintercalation process reflected the interaction between the oxide and/or polyaniline particles at a high frequency range, and a diffusion tendency was observed at medium and low frequency ranges. The capacity values of the composite electrodes relative to the LiMn₂O₄ mass were 178.6/177.5 and 145/140 mAh g⁻¹ for the first and 25th charge/discharge cycles, respectively.     

Matrix-Inducing Synthesis of SrxY10?x(SiO4)y(PO4)6?yO2: Eu3+ Micron Crystalline Coral Like Phosphors by Sol-Gel Composition of Hybrid Precursors

In the context, Sr_xY_10−x(SiO₄)_y(PO₄)_6−yO₂ doped with 1 mol%Eu³⁺ (x = 2, y = 6; x = 4, y = 4; x = 5, y = 3; x = 8, y = 0) were synthesized by using 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APES) as the sources of the silicate network. X-ray diagrams confirm that Sr_xY_10−x(SiO₄) _y(PO₄)_6−yO₂: Eu³⁺ solid solutions are formed as a pure apatitic phase. The SEM picture shows that there exist some novel unexpected coral like morphological structures. The luminescent intensity is the strongest for the host composition of Sr₄Y₆(SiO₄)₄(PO₄)₂O₂ although the effect of the composition on the luminescent intensity is little.     

层状钙钛矿型Sm2-2xSr1+2x-2yCa2yMn2O7(x=0.2，0.3，0.4，0.5；y=0，0.2，0.3)的溶胶凝胶合成及电性能研究

Layered perovskite manganites with a nominal chemsitry of Sm_2-2xSr_1+2x-2_yCa_2yMn₂O₇(x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5; y=0, 0.2, 0.3) were prepared using sol-gel method. The crystal structures of these compounds were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR absorption spectra. The absorption peaks become weaker and move a little to higher frequency with increasing of Sm/Sr concentration. As the Sm doping increases to x=0.2 and x=0.3, the absorption peaks show a cubic structure character, reflecting that the samples suffer from a transition from tetragonal structure to cubic structure. This coincides with the X-ray diffraction results. The high temperature electrical properties were studied by conventional four-probe method. Although all samples exhibit the semiconductive behavior, lnρ-1 000/T curves are not linear and they obey the small polaron hopping mechanism. Moreover, the resistivity decreases with x reducing. This is due to that Sm doping increases the Jahn-Teller ion Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ ratio, and decreases the e_g bandwidth.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.75-xCoxMn0.25O2的合成及电化学性能研究

以LiOH·H₂O、Ni(OAc)₂·4H₂O、Co(OAc)₂·4H₂O和MnO₂为原料，在水热反应釜中预处理，然后进行高温固相反应，合成了一系列锂镍钴锰氧化物LiNi_0.75-xCo_xMn_0.25O₂(x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电化学性能测试对所得样品的结构、形貌、粒径及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明，当x=0.20时，所合成的正极材料具有很好的α-NaFeO₂型层状晶体结构，晶胞参数a=0.286 1 nm，c=1.416 4 nm， V=0.100 4 nm³，以50 mA·g^-1的电流密度在3～4.3 V(vs Li/Li⁺)充放电时，首次放电比容量达172.5 mAh·g^-1，首次放电效率高达90.9%，30个循环后其放电比容量依然保持在161.1 mAh·g^-1。     

Transport properties and lithium insertion study in the p-type semi-conductors AgCuO2 and AgCu0.5Mn0.5O2

The transport properties and lithium insertion mechanism into the first mixed valence silver-copper oxide AgCuO₂ and the B-site mixed magnetic delafossite AgCu_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ were investigated by means of four probes DC measurements combined with thermopower measurements and in situ XRD investigations. AgCuO₂ and AgCu_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ display p-type conductivity with Seebeck coefficient of Q=+2.46 and +78.83 μV/K and conductivity values of σ=3.2×10⁻¹ and 1.8×10⁻⁴ S/cm, respectively. The high conductivity together with the low Seebeck coefficient of AgCuO₂ is explained as a result of the mixed valence state between Ag and Cu sites. The electrochemically assisted lithium insertion into AgCuO₂ shows a solid solution domain between x=0 and 0.8Li⁺ followed by a plateau nearby 1.7 V (vs. Li⁺/Li) entailing the reduction of silver to silver metal accordingly to a displacement reaction. During the solid solution, a rapid structure amorphization was observed. The delafossite AgCu_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ also exhibits Li⁺/Ag⁺ displacement reaction in a comparable potential range than AgCuO₂; however, with a prior narrow solid solution domain and a less rapid amorphization process. AgCuO₂ and AgCu_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ provide a discharge gravimetric capacity of 265 and 230 mA h/g above 1.5 V (vs. Li⁺/Li), respectively, with no evidence of a new defined phases.     

尖晶石构造LiCu0.5Mn1.5O4的合成及其在水溶液中对Li^＋的抽出／嵌入反应

尖晶石构造ＬｉＣｕ０．５Ｍｎ１．５Ｏ４的合成及其在水溶液中对Ｌｉ＋的抽出／嵌入反应董殿权钟杰柳敦雷刘亦凡＊（青岛化工学院化学工程系青岛２６６０４２）关键词尖晶石，Ｌｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ复合氧化物，合成，锂离子交换１９９７－０９－１７收稿，１９９７－１２－２...     

通过能量传递实现Ba5-2x-yTbxNax(PO4)3Cl∶yEu2+荧光粉的光谱调控

通过[Na~+,Tb~(3+)]离子对取代[Ba~(2+),Ba~(2+)]离子对,制备了一系列的Ba_(5-2x-y)Tb_(x )Na_x(PO_4)_3Cl∶y Eu~(2+)荧光粉。通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、光致激发和发射光谱对其结构、形貌、组成及发光性能进行研究。结果表明:在354 nm激发下,Ba_(3.97)Tb_(0.50)Na_(0.50)(PO_4)_3Cl∶0.03Eu~(2+)样品的发射光谱既包含了Eu~(2+)位于450 nm左右的宽带特征发射,又包含了Tb~(3+)位于490、545、583和622 nm的窄峰特征发射。由于存在Eu~(2+)→Tb~(3+)的能量传递,使得Ba_(3.97)Tb_(0.50)Na_(0.50)(PO_4)_3Cl∶0.03Eu~(2+)中Tb~(3+)的发光强度相对于Ba_(4.00)Tb_(0.50)Na_(0.50)(PO_4)_3Cl中Tb~(3+)的发光强度显著提高。通过改变[Na~+,Tb~(3+)]离子对的浓度,实现了对Ba_(5-2x-y)Tb_(x )Na_x(PO_4)_3Cl∶y Eu~(2+)荧光粉的光谱调控。当x=0.50时,Ba_(4.97-2x)Tb_(x )Na_x(PO_4)_3Cl∶0.03Eu~(2+)中Tb~(3+)的发光强度达到最大。     

Ga掺杂La9+x/3(GeO4)6-x(GaO4)xO1.5的合成及导电性能研究

利用固相法合成系列Ga掺杂缺陷氧锗氧基磷灰石La9+x/3(GeO4)6-x(GaO4)xO1.5(sx=0,0.5,1,1.5).X射线粉末衍射结果表明:反应物在1350℃烧结24 h即可得到磷灰石结构的纯相产物.700℃时La9.5((GeO4)4.5(GaO4)1.5O1.5的电导率达到3.162×10-3 S·cm-1,是同温度La9(GeO4)6O1.5(1.259×10-3 S·cm-1)电导率的2.5倍.氧分压测试结果表明:材料的电导率在Po2=1～105 Pa保持不变,证明材料在较宽的氧分压范围内为O2-导电.     

Ca0.8-2x(YbxTb0.1Na0.1+x)2xWO4近红外下转换荧光粉水热合成及发光性质

一种在近红外光谱(NIR)区域高效的量子剪裁现象已在Ca_0.8-2x(Yb_xTb_0.1Na_0.1+x)_2xWO₄(x=0~0.2)荧光粉中得到证实,该量子剪裁通过吸收紫外线光子发射近红外光子,能量传递包括两个协同过程,分别是WO₄^2-基团到Yb³⁺离子和WO₄^2-基团到Tb³⁺离子再到Yb³⁺离子,Yb³⁺离子的掺杂浓度对荧光粉在可见光和近红外光谱的发光,荧光寿命和量子效率的影响已进行了详细得研究。经计算,量子效率最大达到135.7%。铽与镱共掺钨酸钙的近红外量子剪裁,通过吸收太阳光谱的1个紫外光到2个1000nm光子(2倍光子数增加)的下转化机制实现高效率硅太阳能电池的途径。     

Ca0.8-2x(YbxTb0.1Na0.1+x)2xWO4近红外下转换荧光粉水热合成及发光性质

一种在近红外光谱(NIR)区域高效的量子剪裁现象已在Ca0.8-2x(Ybx Tb0.1Na0.1+x)2x WO4(x=0～0.2)荧光粉中得到证实,该量子剪裁通过吸收紫外线光子发射近红外光子,能量传递包括两个协同过程,分别是WO42-基团到Yb3+离子和WO42-基团到Tb3+离子再到Yb3+离子,Yb3+离子的掺杂浓度对荧光粉在可见光和近红外光谱的发光,荧光寿命和量子效率的影响已进行了详细的研究。经计算,量子效率最大达到135.7%。铽与镱共掺钨酸钙的近红外量子剪裁,通过吸收太阳光谱的1个紫外光子到2个1 000 nm光子(2倍光子数增加)的下转化机制实现高效率硅太阳能电池的途径。     

Structural and spectroscopic properties of Hexamethylenetetramine cobalt(II) complex: [Co(NCS)2(hmt)2(H2O)2][Co(NCS)2(H2O)4] (H2O)

Synthesis, structure, spectroscopy and thermal properties of complex [Co(NCS)₂(hmt)₂(H₂O)₂][Co(NCS)₂(H₂O)₄] (H₂O) (I), assembled by hexamethylenetetramine and octahedral Co(II) metal ions, are reported. Crystal data for I: F_w 387.34, a=9.020(8), b=12.887(9), c=7.95(1) Å, =96.73(4), β=115.36(5), γ=94.16(4)°, V=820(1) Å³, Z=2, space group=P−1, T=173 K, λ(Mo-K)=0.71070 Å, ρ_calc=1.718567 g cm⁻³, μ=17.44 cm⁻¹, R=0.088, R_w=0.148. An interesting two-dimensional network is assembled via hydrogen bonds through coordinated and free water molecules. The d–d transition energy levels of Co(II) ion are determined by UV–vis spectroscopy and calculated by ligand field theory. The calculated results agree well with experiment ones.     

The oxycarbonates Sr4(Fe2−xMnx)1+y(CO3)1−3yO6(1+y): nano, micro and average structural approach

The possibility to synthesize layered oxycarbonates, with nominal composition Sr₄Fe_2−xMn_xO₆CO₃ involving trivalent manganese, with 0≤x≤1.5, is reported for the first time. The structural study of Sr₄FeMnO₆CO₃ using NPD, HREM, Mössbauer and XANES, shows that this phase is closely related to n=3 member of the Ruddlesden–Popper family. It derives from the latter by replacing the middle layer of transition metal octahedra by triangular CO₃ groups, with two different “flag” and “coat hanger” configurations. The magnetic order is antiferromagnetic and fundamentally different from the magnetic behavior of Sr₄Fe₂O₆CO₃.     

Crystal structure and electrical conductivity of cubic fluorite-based (YO1.5) x (WO3)0.15(BiO1.5)0.85- x (0?≤ ?x ≤?0.4) solid solutions

(WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_0.85 exhibits a tetragonal structure derived from the fluorite subcell. The electrical conductivity of (WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_0.85 is lower than that of Y₂O₃-doped Bi₂O₃. The structure and electrical conductivity of samples formulated as (YO_1.5) _x (WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_{0.85- x} (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) were investigated. The as-sintered (YO_1.5)_0.1(WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_0.75 exhibited a single cubic structure that is isostructural with δ-Bi₂O₃. For x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, the as-sintered samples consisted of a cubic fluorite structure and rhombohedral Y₆WO₁₂. After heat treatment at 600 °C for 200 h, the cubic structures are stable for x = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4. A transformation from cubic to rhombohedral phase after heat treatment at 600 °C for 200 h was observed in the sample originally formulated as (YO_1.5)_0.2(WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_0.65.     

Epoxide assisted sol-gel synthesis of rutile NixTi1-3xSb2xO2 solid solution nanoparticles

Rutile Ni _x Ti_1-3x Sb_2x O₂ solid solution nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel route using propylene oxide as a gelation agent. Titanium oxide nanopowder and 12% TiCl₃ solution were used as the source for titanium to investigate the influence of the titanium precursors on the formation of the target materials. It was found that the nanoparticles prepared using 12% TiCl₃ solution showed a much lower phase formation temperature (700°C) as compared to those prepared from TiO₂ nanoparticles (1000°C). This lower phase formation temperature allowed a substantial reduction of the aggregation of the particles during calcination leading to the formation of nearly mono-dispersed nanoparticles of about 20 nm. The results of this work show that the epoxide assisted sol-gel method is capable to produce titanium-based ternary oxide solid solution nanoparticles, owing to the formation of a highly homogeneous precursor gel intermediate.