衍射式光栅干涉测量系统发展现状及趋势

在车间条件下操作时,光栅干涉仪在测量精度方面优于He-Ne激光干涉仪.基于光栅干涉测量系统有一些特别的优点,导致其在高精密测量中用途不断增加.阐述了衍射式光栅干涉测量系统的工作原理和特点,同时详细总结了国际上生产和研究衍射光栅干涉测量系统的厂家和研究机构及他们的产品.并指出该系统的发展趋势和存在的问题,为衍射式光栅测量...     

Higher order harmonics suppression in extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray

The extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray sources are widely used in various domains. Suppressing higher order harmonics and improving spectral purity are significant. This paper describes a novel method of higher order harmonics suppression with single order diffraction gratings in extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray. The principle of harmonic suppression with single order diffraction grating is described, and an extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray non-harmonics grating monochromator is designed based on the single order diffraction grating. The performance is simulated by an optical design software. The emergent beams of a monochromator with different gratings are measured by a transmission grating spectrometer. The results show that the single order diffraction grating can suppress higher order harmonics effectively, and it is expected to be widely used in synchrotron radiation, diagnostics of laser induced plasma, and astrophysics.     

等腰闪耀光栅及其在非对称双光栅位移测量中的应用研究

本文简述了非对称双光栅位移测量的原理和特点,针对其中存在的一些问题,设计了一种新型透射式位相光栅———等腰闪耀光栅。文中导出了等腰闪耀光栅在垂直入射时的光栅方程和衍射光强分布公式,并通过计算机仿真,得到了衍射光强的分布图。最后探讨了等腰闪耀光栅在非对称双光栅位移测量中的应用     

康托集类光栅衍射实验研究

衍射光栅它在当今信息时代是一种不可或缺光学元件,特别是在光谱学、激光工艺、光学信息处理、光通信等许多领域中都有着十分重要的应用。本文以康托集分形光栅为研究对象,自行设计并观察了康托集分形光栅三个阶段的夫琅和费衍射现象,根据惠更斯．菲涅耳原理,讨论了一维康托集分形光栅的夫琅和费衍射光强分布特性。     

Light modulation from crossed phase gratings

A new device, consisting of two phase gratings oriented with a small angle between their grating grooves, acts as a variable-profile diffraction grating that produces variations in the diffraction orders as the illumination region is moved across the device. Combinations of phase gratings that optimize the effect and act as passive light modulators are given. An experiment that demonstrates the principle is described.     

用傅里叶变换法测试平面衍射光栅的分辨特性

本文提出了测试平面衍射光栅的分辨特性的新方法,用干涉法测量光栅衍射的波阵面的相位,得出衍射波阵面的三维波面图,并用所取得的相位数据作傅里叶变换求得其在谱面上的光谱衍射斑——光谱线像的强度分布,并可据此确定半宽度值和分辨极限.文中叙述了这一新方法的优点、基本原理和实验方法,并给出应用这方法测量一批光栅所得结果中的两个例子,结果表明,与通常所用直接扫描光谱线法所测结果相符合.     

A modified phase diversity diffraction wavefront sensor with a grating

The phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the tools used to estimate wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics systems. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at the focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

A modified phase diversity wavefront sensor with a diffraction grating

Phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the useful tools to estimate the wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics system. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

关于康托集类光栅的实验探究

设计制作了康托集分形衍射光栅,通过对康托集分形光栅3个阶段的夫琅禾费衍射现象的观察,根据惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,得到了一维康托集分形光栅的夫琅禾费衍射光强分布特性.     

基于衍射光栅的干涉式精密位移测量系统

介绍了基于几何莫尔条纹原理和衍射干涉原理的两种光栅精密位移测量系统及各自的特点。综述了国内外对光栅干涉式精密位移测量系统的研究进展,总结了系统存在的关键问题及发展趋势。光栅干涉式精密位移测量系统的优点是对环境要求小,测量分辨率和精度较高,结构紧凑,成本低。该系统需要解决的问题包括提高光栅以及光学元器件制造和安装精度;寻求一种更高精度的检测手段对光栅位移测量系统进行标定等。光栅干涉式精密位移测量系统的发展方向为更高测量分辨率和精度,大量程、多维度测量以及尺寸小巧。该系统在现代工业加工精密制造领域将具有更广阔的应用前景。     

聚合物阵列波导光栅复用器关键技术的研究

介绍了阵列波导光栅(AWG)复用器的工作原理;运用光栅衍射理论和马卡提里近似法,对中心波长为1.55 μm,波长间隔为1.6 nm的聚合物AWG进行参量设计,通过数值模拟验证了设计的正确性.用甲基丙烯酸甲酯类聚合物对AWG的制备工艺进行了研究,用铝作掩模制作了聚合物光波导,测试结果表明在1.55 μm处波导实现单模传输.     

多级衍射全息光栅

提出用Mach-Zehnder 干涉仪两步记录制作具有多级衍射的全息光栅方法。详细描述这种方法的原理,并提供了光栅样品的傅里叶谱及用这种多级衍射光栅实现图像多重的实验结果。     

Optical differentiation of displacement patterns using double diffraction and spatial filtering

A simple technique of optical differentiation of displacement patterns is proposed. It utilizes a single copy of a distorted diffraction grating and a plane mirror. The principle of operation, together with experimental results and the comparison with previously described differentiation methods are given.     

Design of an augmented reality display based on polarization grating

A new optical system for an augmented reality(AR) display is proposed in this paper.The optical system mainly includes a ray deflector, coupling input grating, optical waveguide, and coupling output grating.Both the ray deflector and the coupling input grating are designed based on the diffraction characteristics of the polarization grating, and the coupling output grating is the Bragg reflection grating.Compared with other AR schemes, this AR optical system not only reduces the number of projections from two to one, but also improves the efficiency of light coupling into the optical waveguides.The energy loss is reduced by utilizing the single-order diffraction characteristics of the polarization grating in its coupling input structure.The light deflector uses the polarization selectivity of the polarization grating and the characteristics of the rotating light of the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer to realize beam deflection.The working principle of the optical system is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated.     

Tunable grating-assisted surface plasmon resonance by use of nano-polymer dispersed liquid crystal electro-optical material

This paper reports on the experimental observation of the displacement of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excited by a metallic diffraction grating. This effect is achieved by the use of an electro-optical material composed of nano-sized droplets of liquid crystals dispersed in a host polymer. The average refractive index of this material in the form of a thin film on the undulated metal surface can be modified with the application of an external electric field and to tune the wavelength at which the SPR excitation leads to a reflection minimum. The theoretical design and experimental demonstration of the principle of this component are described.     

用耦合波方法研究取样光栅的衍射特性

 介绍了利用耦合波理论编写计算光栅衍射特性程序的基本思想和主要步骤。利用编写的程序计算并分析了一种用于激光取样光栅TE波和TM波的衍射特性。     

声表面波在声栅上的反常Bragg衍射

本文讨论了在考虑基片各向异性因素时,声表面波在声栅上的Bragg衍射现象。理论分析时,将有关波式和不同模式之间的差别唯象地以它们对应的相速不同来表征之,而不具体讨论这些波式或模式的偏振特性。在分析时,与讨论声-光反常Bragg衍射情形一样采用二波近似,但不借助于引入对应于极化矢量那样的量,而直接由栅区声速分布给出各波式之间的耦合系数。由此而得出的“反常Bragg衍射”公式,与声-光情形下采用极化矢量概念给出的公式一一对应。由这些公式计算的结果,与实验结果良好地符合。 关键词：     

A new method for phase grating testing and measurement

A setup in described that gives a very simple visual demonstration of phase grating non-uniformities, such as modulation variations. The principle of the method is that the amplitude transmittance of a phase grating is a chromatic function. We show how this setup can be modified to measure the modulation in the case of a uniform grating. The method is described here in the case of the binary phase grating.     

利用光栅测半导体激光波长

依据光栅衍射原理,采用玻璃圆柱把半导体激光扩束成片光源,通过分光计测量激光光谱谱线的衍射角,测定半导体激光波长.这种方法操作简单实用,具有较高的测量精度.     

关于利用激光光束偏转法测量热扩散率的研究

本文介绍了激光光束偏转法测量材料热扩散率的原理,从理论上分析了光的粒子性和光的衍射限制了该方法对热扩散率的测量精度,指出了提高测量精度的关键在于提高信号对光束偏转的灵敏度为此给出了一种带有Ronchi光栅的迈克耳孙干涉仪的探测装置,从而使灵敏度提高了约5.3倍.