正则变换的一种群表示

经典力学中的哈密顿正则变换所涉及的4个母函数F₁(q,Q),F₂(q,P),F₃(p,P),F₄(p,Q)和4种正则变量q,p,Q,P之间所有的关系,可以由7个基本关系式经线性变换而得到,这些变换是勒让德变换,变换是由32个8×8的变换矩阵来实现的,而这32个矩阵以4:1的关系与具有8个群元的D₄点群同态。热力学中的4个状态函数G(P,T),H(P,S),U(V,S),F(V,T)和4个热力学变量P,V,T,S之间的变换关系恰好与正则变换关系相同。热力学状态方程是源于宏观测量的实验结果的概括,而哈密顿正则变换是经典力学的理论性总结,它们的群表示是相同的,即它们的数学结构是相同的, 这种共性表明热力学变换是一维哈密顿正则变换的实例。     

计算股市的基本方程、理论和原理(Ⅲ)——基本理论

由基本方程导出两个理论:1 股票的价值理论v*(t)=v(0)exp(ar₂t)。2 股能守恒理论。将股能定义为股价v及其导数v>的二次函数φ=Av2+Bvv+Cv2+Dv,在基本方程约束下,将问题归结为沿最优路径的约束优化问题。应用Lagrange乘数,变分法Euler方程可证?对任何v、v>守恒。文中给出应用这些方程和理论对股市走势作分析的一些判断并为深沪股市实际走势所验证。     

间断和脉冲激励

本文讨论由于脉冲和间断激励所引起的含有Dirac函数和Heavisde函数微分方程的求解问题。首先,按照微分方程理论,我们建议把方程解表达为x(t)=x₁(t)+x₂(t)H(t-a);然后,利用广义函数性质,导出x₁(t)和x₂(t)方程,通过求解x₁(t)和x₂(t)来得到原来方程解x(t)。最后,对周期脉冲参数激励问题进行了深入讨论。     

考虑β变化下的Rossby波

本文考虑了Rossby参数β随纬度的变化并引进了γ参数γ≡-dβ/dy=2Ωsin(ф)/a2.同时把β平面近似扩展为含γ参数的近似:f=f₀+β₀y-γ₀y2/2.这就更接近实际,特特是在较高纬度地区.本文着重研究了γ参数对Rossby波的作用.研究指出:γ参数在较高纬地区有较强的作用.它可以形成纯γ参数所产生的Rossby波,并给出了在一般情况下的包含β变化的Rossby波相速公式,它在γ₀=0时退化为著名的Rossby公式.研究还指出:考虑了β的变化,即便基本气流u是y的线性函数也可以出现不稳定,但γ参数通常对Rossby波起稳定的作用.而且,它影响Rossby波的经向尺度和等位相线的结构,但都减缓Rossby波的增长或衰减.     

Banach空间中含强增生算子的非线性方程的迭代解

设X为实Banach空间,X*为其一致凸的共轭空间.设T:X→X为Lipschitzian强增生映象,L≥1为其Lipschitzian常数,k∈(0,1)为其强增生常数.设{α_n},{β_n}为[0,1]中的两个实数列满足:(ⅰ)α_n→0(n→∞);(ⅱ)β_n<L(1+L)/k(1-k)(n≥0);(ⅲ).假设为X中两序列满足:=o(β_n)与μ_n→0(n→∞).任取x₀∈X,则由(IS)1x_n+1=(1-α_n)x_n+α_nSy_n+u_ny_n=(1-β_n)x_n+β_nSx_n+μ_n(_n≥0){所定义的迭代序列{x_n强收敛于方程T     

三维抛物型方程的一族高精度分支稳定显格式

构造了一族解三维抛物型方程的高精度显格式,其稳定性条件为r=Δt/Δx2=Δt/Δy2=Δt/Δz2<1/2,截断误差为O(Δt2+Δx4).     

一类半线性椭圆型方程衰减正整解的存在唯一性

本文首先证明方程△u-m2u+f(x,u)=0,x∈Rn,n≥3,m>0存在衰减的正整解,然后重点证明这种解的唯一性。     

三维热传导方程的一族两层显式格式

提出了一族三维热传导方程的两层显式差分格式,当截断误差阶为O(Δt+(Δx)2)时,稳定性条件为网格比r=Δt/(Δx)2=Δt/(Δy)2=Δt/(Δz)2≤1/2,优于其他显式差分格式。而当截断误差阶为O((Δt)2+(Δx)4)时,稳定性条件为r≤1/6,包含了已有的结果。     

奇异摄动边值问题的渐近展开

本文研究了奇异摄动边值问题:εy"=f(t,y,ε),y(0)=ξ(ε),y(1)=η(ε),其中ε是一个正小参数.在条件f_y(0,y,0)≥m₀(>0),f_y(1,y,0)≥m₀和f_y(t,y,ε)≥0之下.我们证明了解的存在唯一性,并给出了解的一致有效渐近展开式,从而改进了已有的结果.     

一个分段线性Hénon映射吸引集合的结构

本文采用对偶线映射的方法分析了分段线性Hénon映射(x,y)→(1-a|x|+by,x),a=8/5,b=9/25吸引集的详细结构.设A和B分别是映射在第一和第三象限内的不动鞍点,本文说明:(1)映射的吸引集是B的不稳定流形U_B的闭包ū_B,而A的不稳定流形U_A则是ū_B的一个子集;(2)吸引盆是A的稳定流形S_A的闭包S_A,其边界是B的稳定流形S_B,而S_B在A_A的极限集之内.文中还给出周期鞍点不稳定流形和不动鞍点不稳定流形之间的关系.文中的符号动力学记号可用以研究各个不变流形每段的动态以及各同宿点、异宿点的动态.     

锥壳的位移解及应用*

本文提出求锥壳方程通解的另一种方法——位移法.文中根据文献[1]给出的壳体基本关系,导出锥壳一般弯曲问题的位移方程组,然后通过引入一个位移函数U(s,θ)(在极限情况下,就变为对于圆柱壳所引入的位移函数),从而将锥壳基本方程组化成关于位移函数U(s,θ)的8阶可解偏微分方程(控制微分方程).对于一般弯曲问题,该方程的一般解以广义超几何函数给出;对于轴对称弯曲问题,用Bessel函数给出其一般解.作为锥壳位移解法的应用,讨论了Winkler地基模式上的锥壳的轴对称弯曲问题,给出数值结果.     

弹性基上锥壳一般弯曲问题的精确解

本文应用Donnell的简化假定,从弹性基上锥壳位移型微分方程组出发,通过引入一个位移函数U(s,θ)(在极限情况下就退化成V.S.Vlasov对于圆柱壳所引的位移函数[5]),将基本微分方程组化成为一个八阶可解偏微分方程.这个方程的一般解用级数形式给出.对于在实际中有广泛应用价值的Winkler弹性基上锥壳的轴对称弯曲问题,本文给出了详细的数值结果,并求出了边缘荷载作用下的影响系数,这对计算弹性基上锥壳组合结构有着重要的意义.     

Investigation of stressed-strained state of three-layer cylindrical shells under the action of localized loads

The problem of the determination of the stressed-strained state of three-layer cylindrical shells with a light filler under the action of localized loads is solved by means of semimomentless hypotheses. By using single trigonometric series, the solution is reduced to integration of ordinary differential equation of the fourth order, similar to the Vlasov's equation. Decisive relationships were obtained for the components of the stressed-strained state of an asymmetric three-layer packet. A solution is given for a series of problems of the action of differently applied radial forces on a long cylindrical shell.Moscow. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 300–305, March–April, 1975.     

Numerical analysis of stresses and strains in flexible cylindrical shells with variable rigidity in two directions

The paper analyzes the stress-strain state in a cylindrical shell with variable rigidity in two directions. The shell is analyzed in a geometrically nonlinear framework under different loads and boundary conditions. The proposed approach reduces the nonlinear system of partial differential equations to a sequence of linear systems of ordinary differential equations. The latter are solved by discrete orthogonalization.Translated from Vychislitel'naya i Prikladnaya Matematika, No. 57, pp. 62–67, 1985.     

Computation of worst geometric imperfection profiles of composite cylindrical shell panels by minimizing the non-linear buckling load

In this article the “most unfavorable” shape of initial geometric imperfection profile for laminated cylindrical shell panel is obtained analytically by minimizing the limit point load. The partial differential equations governing the shell stability problem are reduced to a set of non-linear algebraic equations using Galerkin's technique. The non-linear equilibrium path is traced by employing Newton–Raphson method in conjunction with the Riks approach. A double Fourier series is used to represent the initial geometric imperfection profile for the cylindrical shell panel. The optimum values of these Fourier coefficients are determined by minimizing the limit point load using genetic algorithm. The results are determined for simply supported composite cylindrical shell panel. Numerical results show that more number of terms is needed in Fourier series representation to obtain the “worst” geometric imperfection profile which gives lower limit load compared to single term representation of imperfection. We have incorporated constraints on the shape of imperfection to avoid unrealistic limit point loads (due to imperfection shape) as we have assumed that the imperfection is due to machining/manufactuting.     

The dynamic analysis of the functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) shell panel based on three-dimensional elasticity theory

In this paper, three-dimensional elasticity solution is extended to investigate a FGPM finite length, simply supported shell panel under dynamic pressure excitation. The host panel is assumed to be of some functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM). The ordinary differential equations (o.d.e.) are derived from the highly coupled partial differential equations (p.d.e.) using series expansions of mechanical and electrical displacements. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations is solved by means of Galerkin finite element method. At last, numerical examples are presented for a FGPM shell panel. To verify the validity of code and formulation, the results of a FGM panel and a FGM plate are compared with the published results.     

密封容器组合壳自由振动的精确解

给出了一类密封容器组合壳自由振动问题的精确解,基于Love经典薄壳理论,导出了具有任意经线形状的旋转壳体在轴对称振动时的基本方程,组合壳结构中球壳与柱壳的连接条件是通过连接处的变形连续性和内力平衡关系得出的。问题的数学模型被归结为常微分方程组在球壳和 壳两个区间上的特征值问题。振动模态函数是由Legendre和三角函数构造出来,并且得到了精确的频率方程。所有的计算都是在Maple程序下运行的,无论是精确的符号运算还是具有所需有效数学精度的数值计算,都表明该文所编译的Maple程序是简单而有效的。固有频率的数值结果同文献中有限元法和其它数值方法的结果作了比较。作为一个标准,该文给出的精确解对于检验各种近似方法的精密度是有价值的。     

一类非线性发展方程组的定解问题

将不可压缩的广义neo-Hookean材料组成的超弹性圆柱壳径向对称运动的数学模型归结为一类非线性发展方程组的初边值问题.利用材料的不可压缩条件和边界条件求得了描述圆柱壳内表面径向运动的二阶非线性常微分方程.给出了微分方程的周期解(即圆柱壳的内表面产生非线性周期振动)的存在条件,讨论了材料参数和结构参数对方程的周期解的影响,并给出了相应的数值模拟.     

精确解析法的子结构算法

文[1]提出精确解析法,用以求解任意变系数常微分方程,并利用初参数算法给出一个解的解析表达式.但利用初参数算法,对某一类问题,如长柱壳弯曲和振动等,它们的解将难以在计算机上得到.本文通过非均匀轴对称长圆柱壳弯曲问题,给出精确解析法的子结构算法,它能够计算初参数算法在计算机上不能解决的问题.问题最后和初参数算法一样能归结为求解一个低阶代数方程组.文末给出算例,表明本文算法的正确性,并和初参数算法作了比较.     

A non-stationary problem coupling PDEs and ODEs modelizing an automotive catalytic converter

In this article we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a non-stationary problem that modelizes the behavior of the concentrations and the temperature of gases going through a cylindrical passage of an automotive catalytic converter. This problem couples parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) in a domain with one parabolic partial differential equation and some ordinary differential equations (ODEs) on a part of its boundary.