Rapidity dependence of hadron PT spectra in central Au+Au collisions at = 200 GeV

The transverse momentum spectra for identified hadrons at different rapidities in central Au+Au collisions at = 200 GeV are studied in a quark combination model. The results for PT spectra of π±,K±, p(p-) and for the p/π ratios in a broader PT range at midrapidity agree well with the data. The transverse momentum spectra of pions, protons and antiprotons at various rapidities y 1, η= 2.2 and y≈3.2 are calculated and compared with the data.     

Centrality dependence of pT spectra for identified hadrons in Au Au and Cu Cu collisions at (~SNN)~(1/2)=200 GeV

The centrality dependence of transverse momentum spectra for identified hadrons at midrapidity in Au Au collisions at (~SNN)~(1/2) = 200GeV is systematically studied in a quark combination model. The pT spectra of π±, K±, p() and Λ(■) in different centrality bins and the nuclear modification factors (RCP) for these hadrons are calculated. The centrality dependence of the average collective transverse velocity β (r) for the hot and dense quark matter is obtained in Au Au collisions, and it is applied to a relative smaller Cu Cu collision system. The centrality dependence of pT spectra and the RCP for π0, Ks0 and Λ in Cu Cu collisions at (~SNN)~(1/2) =200 GeV are well described. The results show that β(r) is only a function of the number of participants Npart and it is independent of the collision system.     

Parton Momentum Distribution at the Moment of Jet-Parton Collisions

The early parton momentum distribution is extracted by using the STAR collaboration data of ridge particles associated with a near-side jet in centred AuAu collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV. The ridge particles are identified as medium partons kicked by the jet near the surface and they carry direct information on the parton momentum distribution at the moment of jet-patton collisions. The extracted patton momentum distribution has a thermallike transverse momentum distribution but a rapidity plateau structure with a relatively fiat rapidity distribution at mid-rapidities with sharp kinematic boundaries at large rapidities that depend on the transverse momentum.     

Centrality dependence of pT spectra for identified hadrons in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at √SNN=200 GeV

The centrality dependence of transverse momentum spectra for identified hadrons at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at √SNN=200GeV is systematically studied in a quark combination model.The pT spectra of π±,K±,P(p-)and A(A)in different centrality bins and the nuclear modification factors(Rcp)for these hadrons are calculated.The centrality dependence of the average collective transverse velocity(β(r)) for the hot and dense quark matter is obtained in Au+An collisions,and it is applied to a relative smaller Cu+Cu collision system.The centrality dependence of pT spectra and the Rcp for π0,K0/s and A in Cu+Cu collisions at √SNN=200 GeV are well described.The results show that(β(r))is only a function of the number of participants Npart and it is independent of the collision system.     

200GeV AuAu碰撞中前快度区的微分椭圆流

Identified particle elliptic flow results are presented for the Au+Au reaction at s_NN=200GeV as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. Data at pseudorapidities η≈0,1, and 3.4 were obtained using the two BRAHMS spectrometers. Differential v₂ (η,p_t) values for a given particle type are found to be essentially constant over the covered pseudorapidity range, in contrast to the integral v₂ values which have previously been observed to decrease at forward rapidities. A softening of the particle spectra at forward angles is found to account for at least part of the integral v₂ falloff. The data are found to be consistent with existing constituent quark scaling systematics.     

Centrality dependence of pT spectra for identified hadrons in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN= 200GeV

The centrality dependence of transverse momentum spectra for identified hadrons at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at √s_NN= 200GeV is systematically studied in a quark combination model. The p_T spectra of π^±, K^±, p(p) and Λ(Λ) in different centrality bins and the nuclear modification factors (R_CP) for these hadrons are calculated. The centrality dependence of the average collective transverse velocity 〈β(r)〉 for the hot and dense quark matter is obtained in Au+Au collisions, and it is applied to a relative smaller Cu+Cu collision system. The centrality dependence of p_T spectra and the R_CP for π⁰, K_s⁰ and Λ in Cu+Cu collisions at √s_NN= 200GeV are well described. The results show that 〈β(r)〉 is only a function of the number of participants N_part and it is independent of the collision system.     

Simulation of energy scan of pion interferometry in central Au＋Au collisions at relativistic energies

We present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry for the central Au＋Au collisions at √SNN=3, 5, 7, 11, 17, 27, 39, 62, 130 and 200 GeV/c with the help of a multiphase transport （AMPT） model. Emission source-size radius parameters Rlong, Rout, Rside and the chaotic parameter A are extracted and compared with the experimental data. Transverse momentum and azimuthal angle dependencies of the HBT radii are also discussed for central Au＋Au collisions at 200 GeV/c. The results show that the HBT radii in central collisions do not change much above 7 GeV/c. For central collisions at 200 GeV/c, the radii decrease with the increasing of transverse momentum PT but are not sensitive to the azimuthal angle. These results provide a theoretical reference for the energy scan program of the RHIC-STAR experiment.     

Gluon saturation and net-proton spectra in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions

By means of the AKK08 fragmentation function, the net-proton transverse momentum (pT) spectra in A+A collisions are studied with two phenomenological models based on the Color Glass Condensate formalism. After a χ² analysis of the experimental data from BRAHMS, the normalization constant C is extracted at RHIC energies of √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV, and the theoretical results of the net-proton pT spectra at selected rapidities are also given. It is shown that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, assuming the constant C should have an exponent dependence of √sNN, we also predict the theoretical results of net-proton pT spectra at LHC energies of √sNN=2.76, 3.94, and 5.52 TeV.     

Baryonic Effect on χcJ Suppression in Au＋Au Collisions at RHIC Energies

We predict that χcJ mesons at low transverse momentum in the central rapidity region are almost dissociatedby nucleons and antinucleons in hadronic matter produced in central Au Au collisions at relativistic high-ioncollider (RHIC) energies √^sNN = 130 and 200 GeV. In the calculations the nucleon and antinucleon distributionsin hadronic matter are results of evolution from their freeze-out distributions which well fit the experimentaltransverse momentum spectra of proton and antiproton.     

Event patterns extracted from top quark-related spectra in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV

We analyze the transverse momentum(p _T)and rapidity(y)spectra of top quark pairs,hadronic top quarks,and top quarks produced in proton-proton(pp)collisions at center-of-mass energys~(1/2)=8 Te V.For p _(T )spectra,we use the superposition of the inverse power-law suggested by the QCD(quantum chromodynamics)calculus and the Erlang distribution resulting from a multisource thermal model.For y spectra,we use the two-component Gaussian function resulting from the revised Landau hydrodynamic model.The modelling results are in agreement with the experimental data measured at the detector level,in the fiducial phase-space,and in the full phase-space by the ATLAS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC).Based on the parameter values extracted from p _(T )and y spectra,the event patterns in three-dimensional velocity(β_x-β_y-β_z),momentum(p_x-p_y-p_z),and rapidity(y_1-y_2-y)spaces are obtained,and the probability distributions of these components are also obtained.     

Centrality Dependence of K~*(892)~0 and φ(1020) Production at LHC

We study the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity(|y| 0.5) yields and transverse momentum distributions of K~*(892)~0 and φ(1020) resonances produced in Pb + Pb collisions at sNN~(1/2)= 2.76 TeV. The midrapidity density( dN/dy) and the shape of the transverse momentum spectra are well reproduced by an earlier proposed Unified Statistical Thermal Freeze-out Model(USTFM), which incorporates the effects of both longitudinal as well as transverse hydrodynamic flow. The freeze-out properties in terms of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity parameter are extracted from the model fits to the transverse momentum data provided by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The kinetic freeze-out temperature is found to increase with decreasing event centrality while the transverse flow velocity parameter shows a mild decrease on moving towards peripheral collisions. Moreover the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity system size at freeze-out has also been studied in terms of transverse radius parameter.     

Effects of inelastic (re)scattering processes s→gg and gg→s on strange hadron production in pp collisions at RHIC and LHC energies

The rapidity densities at mid-rapidity and the transverse momentum distributions for strange hadrons produced in pp collisions are analyzed using the modified PACIAE model by considering the effect of inelastic (re)scattering processes s→gg and gg→s in parton (re)scattering. The calculated results of the transverse momentum spectra of the strangeness fitting with data measured by STAR and ALICE Collaborations can be improved, especially at large transverse momentum levels. This demonstrates that the effect of inelastic (re)scattering processes of s→gg and gg→s is not negligible at RHIC and LHC energy levels.     

Effects of inelastic (re)scattering processes ss→gg and gg→ss on strange hadron production in pp collisions at RHIC and LHC energies

The rapidity densities at mid-rapidity and the transverse momentum distributions for strange hadrons produced in pp collisions are analyzed using the modi ed PACIAE model by considering the effect of inelastic (re)scattering processes ss→gg and gg→ss in parton (re)scattering. The calculated results of the transverse momentum spectra of the strangeness fitting with data measured by STAR and ALICE Collabora- tions can be improved, especially at large transverse momentum levels. This demonstrates that the effect of inelastic (re)scattering processes of ss→gg and gg→ss is not negligible at RHIC and LHC energy levels.     

Emissions of fragments and mesons produced in heavy-ion collisions at CSR and related energies

Using a multisource ideal gas (MSIG) model, we reconstruct the transverse emission source in the momentum space for light fragments produced in reactions ⁸⁶Kr-¹²⁴Sn at 25 MeV/nucleon and b=7—10 fm based on the theoretical predictions of the Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IDQMD) model. We show that the MSIG model can reasonably describe the IDQMD-predicted results for the azimuthal distribution and the transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow v₂ and fourth-order anisotropic flow v₄ but can only qualitatively describe the transverse momentum spectra. The azimuthal distributions of nuclear fragments produced in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies are studied by the MSIG model. The calculated results are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data of Ca-Ca, Nb-Nb, and Au-Au collisions at 150—800 MeV/nucleon beam energies. Meanwhile, the angular distributions of pions and kaons produced in heavy-ion collisions at the low-energy end (1—2 GeV/nucleon) of high energies are investigated by the MSIG model, too. The calculated results are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data of the KaoS Collaboration.     

Large transverse momentum dilepton production in heavy ion collisions with two-photon processes

The cold component of large transverse momentum dilepton production via semi-coherent two-photon interaction is calculated. The cold contribution is essential to the dilepton spectra in the soft region for different mass bins. The results are compared with the PHENIX experimental data at RHIC, and we find that the modification of semi-coherent two-photon processes is more evident with the rising dilepton mass bins.     

Effects of bulk viscosity on hadron spectra and the Hanbury-Brown Twiss radius by causal viscous hydrodynamics

The particle spectra and Hanbury-Brown Twiss (HBT) radius of Au+Au collisions at RHIC energy are investigated by a hydrodynamical expanding source with both shear and bulk viscosities ($\zeta$). With a large width of the ratio of $\zeta$ to entropy density s, both the particle transverse momentum spectra and the ratio R_\rm out/R_\rm side of HBT radii in the direction of the total transverse momentum of detected two particles (R_\rm out) and perpendicular to both this direction and the beam direction (R_\rm side) become a little steeper.     

Azimuthal distributions of radial momentum and velocity in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Azimuthal distributions of radial (transverse) momentum, mean radial momentum, and mean radial velocity of final-state particles are suggested for relativistic heavy ion collisions. Using the AMPT transport model with string melting, the distributions of Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV are presented and studied. It is demonstrated that the distribution of total radial momentum is more sensitive to the anisotropic expansion, as the anisotropies of final-state particles and their associated transverse momentums are both counted in the measurement. The mean radial velocity distribution is compared with the radial flow velocity. The thermal motion contributes an isotropic constant to the mean radial velocity.     

Properties of Dihadron Correlations for p＋p Collisions at √8NN = 200 GeV

The dihadron azimuthal angular correlations for p＋p collisions at √8NN = 200 GeV are simulated by a multiphase transport model. The dispersions of near-side and away-side peaks, indicated by the width of Gaussian fit functions and the rms width, decrease with the transverse momentum of associated particles. This trend is consistent with the experimental results. Conditional-yields are also calculated to obtain distributions of the associated particle transverse momentum for both away-side and near-side. Furthermore, the hadronic rescattering effects make the conditional-yield distributions softer.     

Properties of Dihadron Correlations for p+p Collisions at √sNN= 200 GeV

The dihadron azimuthal angular correlations for p+p collisions at√s_NN=200 GeV are simulated by a multi-phase transport model. The dispersions of near-side and away-side peaks, indicated by the width of Gaussian fit functions and the rms width, decrease with the transverse momentum of associated particles. This trend is consistent with the experimental results. Conditional-yields are also calculated to obtain distributions of the associated particle transverse momentum for both away-side and near-side. Furthermore, the hadronic rescattering effects make the conditional-yield distributions softer.     

Transverse momentum spectra in high-energy nucleus-nucleus, proton-nucleus and proton-proton collisions

The transverse momentum distributions of final-state particles produced in nucleus-nucleus (AA), proton-nucleus (pA), and proton-proton (pp) collisions at high energies are investigated using a multisource ideal gas model. Our calculated results show that the contribution of hard emission can be neglected in the study of transverse momentum spectra of charged pions and kaons produced in Cu-Cu collisions at √s_NN=22.5 GeV. And if we consider the contribution of hard emission, the transverse momentum spectra of p and p produced in Cu-Cu collisions at √s_NN=22.5 GeV, K_s⁰ produced in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 A GeV, J/ψ particles produced in p-Pb collisions at 400 GeV and π⁺ , K⁺, p produced in proton-proton collisions at √s=200 GeV, can be described by the model, especially in the tail part of spectra.