用阻塞效应测量~28Si 13.095MeV激发态能级寿命

改进Al单晶样品的处理方法,得到了高质量的样品。进行了Al单晶辐照损伤实验,直接测量了E_p=1565keV时~(27)Al(p,α)~(24)Mg共振所形成的~(28)Si13.095MeV激发态能级寿命。采用Monte Carlo模拟和“分析”方法计算得到其寿命值τ=16.3±2.4as,对应的能级宽度Γ=40±6eV,与文献报道的共振产额法结果符合得较好。     

平面阻塞效应测量Ep=1565keV时27Al(p,α)24Mg共振反应寿命

采用(111)面阻塞效应测量了E_p=1565keV共振时²⁷Al(p,α)²⁴Mg核反应寿命。用解析方法分析实验数据。测到的核寿命τ=17.9_-4.0^+4.4as,与<110>轴阻塞效应测量结果和文献给出的结果在误差范围内一致。测量了E_p=1183.4keV时(111)面的α粒子的阻塞分布,并与理论计算作了比较。 关键词：     

对40Ca9.5—10.5MeV能区内几组核能级宽度的测量

本文介绍了用γ共振吸收法测量⁴⁰Ca 9603.9keV,10321.0keV两组能级和9864.6,9868.8keV一组双重态能级的能级宽度,选用³⁹K(p,γ)反应所放出的γ射线激发相应的⁴⁰Ca吸收核能级。对于9603.9keV,10321.0keV的能级宽度,这里给出了比较精确的结果,相应的能级宽度分别为Γ=188±47eV,Γ=91±15eV。对于9864.6,9868.8keV能级,结果为Γ=100±24eV,Γ=899±214eV,由于⁴⁰Ca 9864.6,9868.8keV两能级靠得很近,因此这里用γ共振吸收法测量它们的能级宽度与以往有所不同,将同时有两组γ射线用来激发同样两个能级而发生交叉激发。我们对相应的实验处理方法作了推广。此外,用(p,γ)共振产额法测量了⁴⁰Ca 9603.9keV,10321.0keV能级宽度,得到了与γ共振吸收法一致的结果。本文还对⁴⁰Ca 9603.9keV,10321.0keV能级的(p,γ)共振强度S_pγ、同位旋T等进行了讨论。 关键词：     

阳离子对Er3+掺杂硼酸盐玻璃结构和发光特性的影响

针对Si/Al掺杂量增大使BaO-(1-x)SiO₂-xAl₂O₃-B₂O₃-0.005Er³⁺(x=0,0.5,1,摩尔分数)玻璃样品的1 540 nm红外发光和540 nm上转换发光强度呈现相反的变化趋势,讨论了阳离子掺杂对稀土离子周边对称性和电负性变化与荧光行为的内在关系。红外傅里叶透射光谱显示,不同掺杂浓度下样品的最大声子能量没有明显变化,说明光谱随掺杂浓度的变化与玻璃体系的最大声子能量无关。根据Judd-Ofelt理论计算了⁴I_13/2和⁴S_3/2能级的光学参数,通过比较两能级的跃迁几率(A)、寿命(τ)、荧光分支比(β)和受激发射截面(σ)等光学参数,发现⁴I_13/2能级和⁴S_3/2能级的相关参数呈现相反的趋势。最后测试了样品⁴I_13/2能级下1 540 nm的寿命,进一步从电负性角度考虑了样品的发光效率。理论计算和实验结果相符。     

几种Mo-Cu-S簇合物的固体13C MAS NMR谱

用MASNMB方法考察了几种含=CuX(X=Cl,Br,I)的Mo-Cu-S双金属簇化合物晶体粉末样品。对所得¹³C共振峰进行了归属并讨论了=CuX配体对谱峰的影响。对三种簇合物(t-BuNC)₄Mo(t-BuS)₂,(t-BuNC)₄Mo(μ-t-BuS)₂CuX和(t-BuNC)₄Mo(μ-t-BuS)(μ-CO)CuX的晶体粉末¹³C谱进行了比较。提出了一种对微量粉末样品进行MASNMR研究的有效而简单的方法。     

ZBLAN玻璃中Pr3+掺杂离子3P0和1D2能级的发光特性和寿命

对ZBLAN氟锆酸盐玻璃中Pr³⁺掺杂离子³P₀和¹D₂能级的寿命和发光特性进行了较详细的光谱学研究。首先测量了两种掺杂浓度(质量分数分别为1×10^-3,5×10^-3)的Pr³⁺:ZBLAN玻璃的吸收光谱,然后运用时间分辨激光光谱技术测量了³P₀和¹D₂能级在激光单光子共振激发下的荧光发射谱和能级寿命。将不同荧光发射谱带的强度和文献报道的Judd Ofelt理论计算辐射跃迁几率数值做了比较分析,证明了文献中理论计算结果的可靠性。由于浓度猝灭效应,在相同的激发条件下,掺杂浓度为1×10^-3样品的荧光发射强度明显大于5×10^-3样品的荧光发射强度。但是从我们的测量结果看,掺杂浓度对³P₀和¹D₂ 的能级寿命值无显著影响。掺杂浓度为1×10^-3时,Pr³⁺离子³P₀和¹D₂能级的寿命值分别为46,322μ_s。     

用固体核磁方法研究MCM-22分子筛中的Al状态

用固体NMR技术研究了新型分子筛MCM-22在不同水合状态下的²⁷Al谱和¹H谱.并用新的¹H/²⁷Al双共振方法TRAPDOR对MCM-22分子筛的各种铝状态进行了研究,得到了样品脱水后B酸位(Bronsted)、L酸位(Lewis)以及非骨架Al(OH)的四极耦合常数.     

YNbO4：Tm3+/Yb3+上转换发光特性研究

按照50Nb₂O₅-（46-x）Y₂O₃-4Yb₂O₃-xTm₂O₃（x=0.1,0.2,0.5,1,2）的配比方式,采用高温固相法制备出了掺杂Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺的YNbO₄晶体粉末。在980 nm红外光激发下,观测到波长为478,645,707 nm的上转换荧光,分别对应于Tm³⁺离子的¹G₄→³H₆、¹G₄→³F₄、³F₃→³H₆能级跃迁过程。利用上转换发射功率与980 nm激光器工作电流关系估算出跃迁过程吸收光子数目为2.72,2.69,2.01,从而确定出前两者为三光子吸收过程,最后一个对应于双光子吸收过程。运用Judd-Ofelt理论研究样品光谱特性,根据样品的吸收谱得到样品的谱线强度参数Ω_t（t=2,4,6）,进而得出理论振子强度及实验振子强度,二者均方根偏差δ_rms=1.299×10^-7。计算了Tm³⁺离子向下能级跃迁的跃迁几率、跃迁分支比等参数。最后得出结论：（1）³F₄能级寿命较长,适合作为上转换中间能级;（2）³H₅能级寿命较长,且³H₅→³H₆跃迁分支比（96.46%）接近100%,可用于产生1 216 nm激光。     

TbyDy1-y(Fe1-xTx)2(T=Al,Mn)的磁致伸缩与内禀磁致伸缩特性

用直拉单晶生长系统制备Tb_yDy_1-x(Fe_1-xT_x)₂(T=Al,Mn)单晶,并测量其磁致伸缩.用电弧炉合成多晶Tb_yDy_1-y(Fe_1-xT_x)₂(T=Al,Mn),并用X射线衍射方法测量拟合得到内禀磁致伸缩.结果表明,Al和Mn替代后饱和磁场降低,说明Al和Mn的替代明显地降低了各向异性能.随Al和Mn替代量的增加,总的趋势是材料的内禀磁致伸缩λ₁₁₁降低.对Tb_0.5Dy_0.5(Fe_0.9Mn_0.1)₂单晶,在不加压情况下的磁致伸缩效果并不明显,但当施加压力时,磁致伸缩变化显著,尤其在12—26MPa压力下,磁致伸缩变化很大,且低场效果很好. 关键词：     

85Rb灯对87Rb原子的光抽运

本文对用⁸⁵Rb灯不经滤光泡直接对⁸⁷Rb吸收泡的光抽运作了观测,得到了比传统的用⁸⁷Rb灯经⁸⁵Rb滤光泡对⁸⁷Rb吸收泡进行光抽运更强的基态0—0跃迁共振讯号。并在一定温度下观察到负的共振讯号。到目前为止,还不能对这种负的共振讯号作出解释。同时还测量了共振线宽和光频移。对在⁸⁷Rb原子频标中应用的可能性作了评述。 关键词：     

γ′晶体的蠕变及持久性能

本文报导了对以Ni₃Al为基的r′单晶体所做的蠕变及持久试验的结果。结果表明,r′晶体的稳态蠕变速ε_s遵从 ε_s=Cσ^mexp(-Q_c′/RT) 的关系。指数m仅和温度有关。m(850℃)=3.95,m(950℃)=3.62。对Ni₃Al,Q_c′=88kcal/g-at。合金元素Ti,Nb,W都使Q_c′升高,其中Nb的作用最大,然而W在提高蠕变强度上最有效。晶体取向对ε_s有显著影响。<111>取向的Ni₃Al晶体ε_s最低,持久寿命t_r最长。在1050℃,σ=5kg/mm²时,t_r可≥100小时,Ni₃Al单晶体也同样符合Monkman-Grant关系t_r(ε_s)^p=常数,其中p=0.82。r′晶体蠕变中的滑移系统是{111}<211>。     

Lifetime measurements in 29 Al

The lifetimes of the first six excited states of ²⁹Al have been measured by the DSA method with two different reactions,²⁶Mg(α, p)²⁹Al and²⁷Al(t, p)²⁹Al. The recoil distance method was also used to remeasure the mean lifetime of the first excited state, leading to a value τ_m = 6.5 ± 0.5 ps. Experimental results are compared with shell model calculations.     

Measurement of compound nuclear lifetimes by the crystal blocking technique

The crystal blocking technique has been used to measure the lifetime of the 12.44 MeV 2⁺ level in ²⁸Si excited in the ²⁷Al(p, α)²⁴Mg resonance reaction at E_p = 885 keV. Both 〈110〉 axial and {111} planar blocking effects in Al single crystals have been investigated. Measurements have been made for two reaction depths, 1000 and 4000 A. Various methods of extracting the lifetime, involving both analytical calculations and computer simulation, are compared. The theoretical change in volume of an axial blocking dip due to a lifetime effect has been calculated in the continuum approximation. The results obtained from the different methods of analysis agree, the average value of the lifetime being 28 as. Although the results show no systematic dependence on reaction depth, pronounced depth effects are evident in computer simulations of the planar blocking dips.     

Observation/confirmation of hindered E2 strength in 18C/16C

We have measured the lifetime of the first excited 2⁺ state in ¹⁸C using an upgraded recoil shadow method to determine the electric quadrupole transition. The measured mean lifetime is 18.9±0.9 (stat)±4.4 (syst) ps, corresponding to B(E2;2₁ ⁺ $ \rightarrow$ 0⁺ _gs) = 4.3±0.2±1.0e ² fm^4, or about 1.5 Weisskopf units. The mean lifetime of the first 2⁺ state in ¹⁶C was remeasured to be 18.3±1.4±4.8 ps, about four times shorter than the value reported previously. The discrepancy is explained by incorporating the $ \gamma$ -ray angular distribution obtained in this work into the previous measurement. The observed transition strengths in ^{16, 18}C are hindered compared to the empirical values, indicating that the anomalous E2 strength observed in ¹⁶C persists in ¹⁸C .     

单晶铝在拉压循环过程中形成的两种位错组态与成因

研究了［１１０］和［１００］取向高纯铝单晶在６×１０^－4拉压疲劳应变振幅条件下的应力σ_m和内耗Ｑ^－１的变化，对不同阶段的位错组态作了详细的透射电子显微镜观察，并利用滑移几何的观点予以解释 关键词：     

Optical properties of transparent cobalt-containing magnesium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics doped with gallium oxide for saturable absorbers

Transparent glass-ceramic materials based on glasses of the MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–TiO₂ system doped with CoO and Ga₂O₃ are synthesized. The secondary heat treatment of the initial glasses at temperatures of 800–950°C leads to precipitation of nanosized (6–7 nm) crystals of magnesium aluminogallium spinel doped with cobalt ions and magnesium aluminotitanate solid solutions. The optical absorption spectra of the initial glass and glass-ceramic materials are studied. It is shown that the absorption band caused by the ⁴A₂(⁴F)→ ⁴T₁(⁴F) transitions of tetrahedrally coordinated Co²⁺ ions in glass-ceramics with nanosized Co:Mg(Al,Ga)₂O₄ crystals is shifted to longer wavelengths (up to ~1.67 µm) compared to the position of this band in materials with Co:MgAl₂O₄ crystals. The synthesized glass-ceramics are characterized by a relatively low saturation fluence FS ~ 0.5 ± 0.1 J/cm² at a wavelength of 1.54 µm, as well as by a high radiation resistance to nanosecond laser pulses, which is no lower than ~15 ± 2 J/cm². This explains their attractiveness as materials for saturable absorbers for erbium lasers emitting in the spectral range 1.5–1.7 µm.     

Precision measurement of the rate of nuclear muon capture in the muonic hydrogen atom and the determination of the pseudoscalar form factor of the nucleon

The rate Λ _S of nuclear muon capture by a proton from the hyperfine singlet ground state of the µp atom has been measured using a new experimental method based on a time-projection chamber operating in an ultrapure hydrogen gas at a pressure of 10 atm. The capture rate has been determined from the difference between the measured lifetime of the negative muon in hydrogen and the world average lifetime of the positive muon. The analysis of 10% of the collected statistics (2 × 10¹⁰) of µe decays yields the muon capture rate Λ _S = 725.0 ± 17.4 s^?1, from which the pseudoscalar form factor of the nucleon, g _P (q _c ² = ?0.88m _µ ² ) = 7.3 ± 1.1, is determined. The further analysis of the collected experimental data should improve the precision of this measurement by a factor of 3.     

Intensity parameters for Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript> ions in calcium-niobium-gallium garnet crystals

Based on the analysis of the absorption spectra of Er-doped calcium-niobium-gallium garnet (Er:CNGG) crystals according to the Judd-Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters for these crystals are determined to be Θ₂ = 3.43 × 10^?20 cm² Θ₄ = 1.20 × 10^?20 cm², and Θ₆ = 0.58 × 10^?20 cm². The parameters found are compared with the intensity parameters for other laser oxide crystals. Using these intensity parameters, the probabilities of radiative transitions between the energy levels of Er³⁺ ions in CNGG crystals and the luminescence branching ratios β_JJ’ are calculated. From the measured lifetime of the ⁴ I _11/2 level of Er³⁺ ions (τ = 626 μs) and the probability of the radiative transition from this level (A = 192 s^?1), it is found that about 88% of the excitation energy in the Er:CNGG crystals is nonradiatively transferred from the ⁴ I _11/2 to the ⁴ I _13/2 level. It is suggested that an increase in the oscillator strength and in the line strength of the ⁴ I _15/2 → ² H _11/2 transition of Er³⁺ in CNGG crystals, as well as an increase in the intensity parameter Θ₂ with respect to the corresponding parameters for other garnet crystals are caused by the existence in CNGG crystals of Er³⁺ centers with the environment symmetry lower than D ₂.