Nuclear moments of neutron deficient iridium isotopes from laser spectroscopy

Laser spectroscopy measurements have been performed on neutron deficient iridium isotopes. The hyperfine structure and isotope shift of the optical Ir I transition 5d⁷6s^{2 4}F_9/2 → 5d⁷6s6p ⁶F_11/2 at 351.5 nm have been studied for the ^182–189Ir, and ^191,193Ir isotopes. The nuclear magnetic and quadrupole moments were obtained from the HFS measurements and the changes of the mean square charge radii from the IS measurements. A large mean square charge radius change between ¹⁸⁷Ir and ¹⁸⁶Ir and between and has been observed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The COMPLIS experiment on neutron deficient Au, Pt and Ir isotopes

The COMPLIS (COllaboration for spectroscopic Measurements using a Pulsed Laser Ion Source) experiment is carried out at the ISOLDE Booster facility at CERN. The aim is to measure the hyperfine structure and the isotope shift of a series of radioactive laser desorbed atoms by multiple step laser ionization. This technique is especially suitable for refractory elements not directly available as beams from the isotope separator. By collecting a primary radioactive beam, it is possible to delay the laser desorption as long as necessary to obtain the particular daughter of interest. Laser spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on very neutron deficient gold, platinum and iridium isotopes. Magnetic moments μ_I, spectroscopic quadrupole moments and changes of the nuclear mean square charge radius along each isotopes series have been extracted. From some results, a detailed comparison with the predictions of the models is presented. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study of the neutron deficient 182–190Pb isotopes by simultaneous atomic- and nuclear-spectroscopy

Mean-square charge radii and magnetic moments have been measured for the neutron deficient lead isotopes, ^182–190Pb. The measurement was performed at the ISOLDE online mass separator, using the in-source resonance ionization spectroscopy technique. The wavelength of the first excitation step for the resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) was scanned over the resonance(s) whilst the α- and γ-ray spectra from the decay of the Pb isotopes were recorded as a function of the wavelength. The isotope shift and, in the case of odd-A isotopes, the hyperfine splitting were deduced. The rms-charge radii of the very neutron deficient Pb isotopes follow the smooth trend of the heavier isotopes. This finding indicates a spherical shape for the lead ground states at the neutron mid-shell (N = 104), where the excitation energy of the oblate 0⁺ state in the even isotopes reaches its minimum.     

First Measurement of the Nuclear Charge Radii of Short-Lived Lithium Isotopes

A novel method for the determination of nuclear charge radii of lithium isotopes is presented. Precise laser spectroscopic measurements of the isotope shift in the lithium 2s → 3s transition are combined with highly accurate atomic physics calculation of the mass dependent isotope shift to extract the charge-distribution-sensitive information. This approach has been used to determine the charge radii of ^8,9Li for the first time.     

Nuclear charge radius of 11Li

We have determined the nuclear charge radius of ¹¹Li by high-precision laser spectroscopy. The experiment was performed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility where the ⁷Li-¹¹Li isotope shift (IS) was measured in the 2s→3s electronic transition using Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy with a relative accuracy better than 10⁻⁵. The accuracy for the IS of the other lithium isotopes was also improved. IS’s are mainly caused by differences in nuclear mass, but changes in proton distribution also give small contributions. Comparing experimentally measured IS with advanced atomic calculation of purely mass-based shifts, including QED and relativistic effects, allows derivation of the nuclear charge radii. The radii are found to decrease monotonically from ⁶Li to ⁹Li, and then increase with ¹¹Li about 11% larger than ⁹Li. These results are a benchmark for the open question as to whether nuclear core excitation by halo neutrons is necessary to explain the large nuclear matter radius of ¹¹Li; thus, the results are compared with a number of nuclear structure models.     

Towards a nuclear charge radius determination for beryllium isotopes

We propose determination of isotope shifts for radioactive beryllium isotopes using laser cooled ions in a linear radio frequency (RF) trap. Based on these measurements, combined with precise mass shift calculations, it will be possible to extract model-independent nuclear charge radii of ^7,9,10Be and the one-neutron halo ¹¹Be with precision better than 3%. Radioactive beryllium isotopes produced at ISOLDE and ionized with a laser ion source will be cooled and bunched in the radio frequency quadrupole buncher of ISOLTRAP. Ion temperatures will be reduced to the mK range by sympathetic cooling with co-trapped laser cooled ions in a specially designed two-stage linear RF trap. Resonances will be detected via fluorescence and frequencies measured with a femtosecond frequency comb.     

Measurement of hyperfine structure and isotope shifts in the 580.56nm line of 142－145,146,148,150Nd+

Isotope shifts and hyperfine spectrum of singly ionized neodymium ion was measured by collinear fast-ion-beam laser spectroscopy. The hyperfine A constants and B constants are obtained for the (23230)9/2^0 level and 4f^45d ^6K9/2 level, respectively. The optical isotope shifts between seven isotopes in the 580.56 nm of^142-145,146,148,150Nd^ line are determined. The configuration admixtures for (23230)9/2^0 level were quantitatively analysed to be 4f^46p, 4f^35d^2, and 4f^35d6p with mixing coefficients of 67%, 5%, and 28%, respectively.     

原子光谱中同位素位移和超精细结构分裂

利用共线快离子束-激光光谱学方法测量了钕离子所有7个稳定同位素(A=142～146,148,150)之间的同位素位移和两个奇同位素(A=143,145)的超精细结构分裂．     

Surface polariton response function approach to dispersion forces between macroscopic bodies

A new method for the calculation of dispersion forces between macroscopic bodies is developed. The basis idea here is to use the surface polariton response function and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.     

A novel method to measure the isotope shifts and hyperfine splittings of all ytterbium isotopes for a 399-nm transition

We report the experimental results on measuring the isotope shifts and hyperfine splittings of all ytterbium isotopes for a 399-nm transition by using a quite simple and novel method.It benefits from the advantages of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in an ytterbium hollow cathode lamp and the Doppler-free spectroscopy in a collimated ytterbium atomic beam.The key technique in this experiment is simultaneously measuring the frequency separations of the two spectra twice,and the separation difference between two measurements is solely determined by the well-defined frequency of an acousto-optics modulator.Compared with the most of previously reported experimental results,ours are more accurate and completed,which will provide the useful information for developing a more accurate theoretical model to describe the interaction inside an ytterbium atom.     

相对论平均场理论对Rn同位素链原子核基态性质的研究

在相对论平均场理论的框架下,对Rn同位素链原子核的结合能、形变、同位素位移等若干基态性质进行了较详细的研究.结果表明,理论计算结果与已有的实验数据符合较好.原子核的四极形变主要出现在远离幻数的区域(N=110-124和N=129-142).而在中子数大于幻数的区域(N=127-142),十六级形变也非常明显.对电荷半径的研究显示,Rn同位素链的同位素位移曲线的斜率在中子幻数处出现明显的变化. 关键词： 相对论平均场理论 电荷半径 同位素位移 单粒子能级     

不稳定锂同位素移位的高精度测量实验方案(英文)

对丰中子晕核11Li的核电荷均方根半径的实验确定 ,特别是其与9Li的半径的差值 ,将对各种核模型进行灵敏的检验 .选择锂的合适跃迁 ,利用激光光谱技术高精度测量该跃迁的同位素移位 ,并扣除精确理论计算的质量移位贡献值 ,可以用来确定有关同位素的核电荷均方根半径 .就目前能够提供的实验设备和手段 ,对于不稳定锂的同位素8,9Li和短寿命丰中子晕核11Li而言 ,这是能够得到与核模型相独立的电荷半径值的唯一可行的方法 .这类实验正在德国重离子研究中心 (GSI)和欧洲核子中心的ISOLDE/CERN上计划实施 .描述了锂原子的激光激发共振电离途径和进行锂的同位素移位测量的实验装置,并讨论了采用这种方法测量到的6,7Li的初步结果及其精度 ,以及使用该方法研究不稳定核的灵敏性. A high-resolution isotope shift measurement of lithium isotopes in a suitable transition, combined with an accurate theoretical evaluation of the mass-shift contribution in the corresponding transition, can be used to determine the root-mean-square nuclear charge radii of these isotopes. For the unstable 8,9Li and the short-lived halo nucleus 11Li, this is the only approach available for obtaining nuclear-model-independent values of the charge radii within the reach of present-day facilities...     

Hg同位素对Hg的Zeeman效应相对强度的影响

比较了Hg的546.1 nm绿谱线Zeeman效应相对强度的理论计算和实验值,分析了Hg同位素位移及超精细结构对Hg的 Zeeman效应相对强度的影响.     

Spectroscopy of francium in a magneto optical trap

The francium atom offers an excellent laboratory to study electron-nucleus interactions. As the heaviest alkali, its atomic properties can be calculated with high precision, and laser trapping methods now allow precision optical spectroscopy of many isotopes. Recent measurements of the 7P_1/2 hyperfine structure, when coupled with previous measurements of the ground state hyperfine structure reveal a hyperfine anomaly. The change in anomaly between an even-N isotope and an odd-N isotope is sensitive to the radial distribution of the neutron magnetization. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中性硅3s23P2 3P2,1D2→3s3p3 3D3o跃迁能量,超精细结构常数与同位素移动的MCDHF计算

本文使用多组态Dirac-Hartree-Fock方法计算了²⁹Si的3s²3p^{2 3}P₂,¹D₂→3s3p³D₃⁰跃迁能量和³P₂,³D₃⁰超精细结构A常数以及Si同位素²⁹Si,³⁰Si和³¹Si相对于²⁸Si在3s²3p^{2 3}P₂→3s3p^{3 3}D₃⁰跃迁的同位素移动.通过尝试双电子激发（SD）和三电子激发（SDT）,分别考虑VV相关,CV相关和CC相关产生各种不同的扩展组态波函数得到的计算结果和实验值的比较,推测了对于中性硅原子这两个组态,内壳层2p2s,1s电子活动到外壳层的概率较小,而3s3p壳层中的电子都比较活跃,但主要是在n=3,4的壳层内活动,活动到更高n壳层的概率则比较小.     

基于不稳定核基本性质测量的原子核结构研究

精密激光谱学是通过测量核素原子光谱的超精细结构和同位素移位来研究原子核的基本性质,为原子核自旋、磁矩、电四极矩及电荷均方根半径的确定提供了一种模型独立的测量方式。这些原子核基本性质的测量,能够比较精确地描述原子核微观结构的演化。近年来,随着放射性束流装置的发展,产生远离β-稳定线的丰中子/丰质子核素成为可能,也进一步促进了高分辨和高灵敏度的激光谱技术更加广泛的应用。简单介绍了基于放射性核素超精细结构的激光谱学测量原理,并通过几个经典实例来回顾近年来激光谱学在原子核奇特结构研究领域的独特贡献。主要通过分析几个重要核区原子核的基本性质,结合大尺度壳模型、ab initio理论、密度泛函理论等,来探索丰中子核中展现出来的一些新的奇特现象,如晕结构、幻数演化、形状共存等。High-precision laser spectroscopy technique is used to determine the ground state properties of exotic nuclei by probing its electronic hyperfine structure and isotope shift. It provides a model-independent measurement of nuclear spin, magnetic moment, electric quadrupole moment and charge radii. These nuclear parameters can be used to investigate the nuclear structure evolution and the nuclear shapes. With the development of accelerators and isotope separators, exotic isotopes far from β stability became accessible experimentally, which enhanced the capability of the laser spectroscopy technique being applied in the field of nuclear physics. A brief introduction to experimental principle is given, followed by a review of several typical examples for the experimental investigations in the different regions of nuclear chart. This aims to demonstrate the contributions of ground state properties measurement by using laser spectroscopy technique to the nuclear structure study of exotic isotopes. This discussion involves several different nuclear theory models in order to interpret the exotic phenomena observed in the neutron-rich isotopes, such as halo structure, shell evolution, shape coexistence and so on.     

Precision spectroscopy at heavy ion ring accelerator SIS300

Unique spectroscopic possibilities open up if a laser beam interacts with relativistic lithium-like ions stored in the heavy ion ring accelerator SIS300 at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany. At a relativistic factor γ = 36 the ²P_1/2 level can be excited from the ²S_1/2 ground state for any element with frequency doubled dye-lasers in collinear geometry. Precise transition energy measurements can be performed if the fluorescence photons, boosted in forward direction into the X-ray region, are energetically analyzed with a single crystal monochromator. The hyperfine structure can be investigated at the ²P_1/2−²S_1/2 transition for all elements and at the ²P_3/2−²S_1/2 transition for elements with Z≤50. Isotope shifts and nuclear moments can be measured with unprecedented precision, in principle even for only a few stored radioactive species with known nuclear spin. A superior relative line width in the order of 5·10⁻⁷ may be feasible after laser cooling, and even polarized external beams may be prepared by optical pumping.     

Hg~+离子5d~(10)6s ~2S_(1/2)→5d~96s~2 ~2D_(5/2)钟跃迁同位素位移和超精细结构的理论研究

本文首先在Dirac-Hartree-Fock近似下理论评估了Hg~+离子5d~(10)6s ~2S_(1/2)→5d~96s~2 ~2D_(5/2)钟跃迁的质量位移(mass shift, MS)和场位移(field shift, FS)在其同位素位移(isotope shift, IS)中的相对贡献,发现MS远小于FS而可以被忽略.在此基础上,通过系统地考虑该原子体系中主要的电子关联效应,计算了这条钟跃迁FS的精确值以及涉及到的上下两个能级的超精细结构常数,并得到了几种稳定汞同位素离子该跃迁的IS和超精细结构分裂.其中,计算的~(199)Hg~+和~(198)Hg~+离子之间的钟跃迁频率偏移与已有实验测量值相比误差为2%左右.最终,本文给出了汞离子7种常见同位素该谱线的绝对频率值,为实验上的谱线测量提供了有效的理论依据.     

Isotope shift calculations for D lines of stable and short-lived lithium nuclei

The isotope shifts(TSs) for the 2s~2S_(1/2) to 2p~2P_J(J = 1/2,3/2) transitions of the lithium nuclei including the stable and short-lived isotopes are calculated based on the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method and the relativistic configuration interaction approach.The results are in good agreement with the previous theoretical and experimental results within a deviation less than 0.05%.The methods used here could be applied to the IS calculations for other heavier Li-like ions and few-electron systems.     

High-Precision Spectroscopy of Antiprotonic Helium – First Results from the AD of CERN

New results of the laser and microwave spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium “atomcules” obtained in the first year of operation of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility of CERN are presented. They include the discovery of three new resonant transitions and the determination of the zero-density wavelength of six transitions with an accuracy of 130 ppb in the best case. Auger rates of those states were also determined, and two of them were found to be several orders of magnitude larger than expected from a simple estimate based on the multipolarity Δl, i.e., the jump in angular momentum required for the antiproton to reach the next lower-lying state of ionized He⁺⁺. Furthermore, a first signal of a two-laser microwave triple resonance to measure the hyperfine splitting in antiprotonic helium was observed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.