新型光学活性α-氨基膦酸及其酯合成进展

α-氨基膦酸酯是一类很重要的天然氨基酸类似物,具有新颖的化学结构和多种生理活性.综述了近年来光学活性α-氨基膦酸及酯的合成进展.     

吗啉(哌嗪或六氢吡啶)取代的α-乙酰氨基膦酸二苯酯的研究

α-氨基膦酸二苯酯与氯乙酰氯反应得到α-氯乙酰氨基膦酸二苯酯,后者与吗啉、哌嗪或哌啶反应合成了饱和杂环取代的膦二肽.化合物的结构经元素分析和1HNMR证实.生物活性测试结果表明该类化合物对油菜具有一定的抑制作用.     

α-氨基膦酸(酯)不对称合成研究进展

α-氨基膦酸作为天然氨基酸的含磷类似物, 具有广泛的生物活性, 详细介绍了使用手性辅助基团诱导和手性催化剂催化两种方法不对称合成光学活性α-氨基膦酸(酯)的最新研究进展.     

N-(烷氧羰基或烷氧羰甲基-烷氧膦酰基)-α-氨基膦酸二苯酯的研究

以膦酰甲酸(PFA)及其同系物膦酰乙酸(PAA)为先导化合物,利用膦酰氯与α-氨基膦酸酯在碱存在下反应,将α-氨基膦酸酯引入PFA及PAA中,使其N-端与膦原子相连,合成了化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ.研究了产物的~(31)PNMR,发现当R~3为烷基时~3J_(pp)较R~3为(取代)苯基时小,并对其进行了讨论.同时测定了产物的生物活性,部分化合物具有良好的抑制植物烟草花叶病毒(TMV)活性,抑制率超过对照药剂DHT(2,4-二氧六氢-1,3,5三嗪),部分化合物还具有一定的抑制癌细胞活性.I:n=0,R~1,R~2=MeO.MeO.或R~1=i-RrNH,R~2=OMe;R~3=alkyl,(substituted)PhII:n=1,R=H,Me;R~1,R~2,R~3同上.     

β-氨基膦酸(酯)和亚膦酸(酯)不对称合成

具有光学活性的β-氨基膦酸和亚膦酸是β-氨基酸的含磷类似物,具有广泛的生物和药物活性.本文综述了使用手性辅基诱导、酶手性拆分和手性催化剂催化3种方法不对称合成光学活性β-氨基膦酸(酯)和亚膦酸(酯)的研究进展.     

O-烷基α-(取代苯氧乙酰氧基)烃基膦酸盐的合成与生物活性

为了研究O-烷基α-(取代苯氧乙酰氧基)烃基膦酸衍生物的结构活性关系,以取代苯氧乙酸为起始原料,经氯化亚砜氯化后得中间体2,然后与不同取代的α-羟基烃基膦酸酯(1)反应制备关键中间体3,再与碘化钠或溴化锂反应,合成了14个未见文献报道的O-烷基α-(取代苯氧乙酰氧基)烃基膦酸盐4.通过1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析对所合成的化合物进行了结构表征.初步的生物活性测试结果表明:大多数目标化合物具有较好的除草活性或杀菌活性.化合物4a在1.5 kg/ha剂量下对所测单、双子叶植物的抑制率均达到了100%;在50μg/g的剂量下,化合物4h~4m对油菜菌核菌和黄瓜灰霉菌的抑制率达到90%以上.     

有机磷化合物的研究 XV.合成α-氨基取代苄基膦酸的新方法

在三氟化硼催化下,二乙基磷酰胺、取代苯甲醛和亚磷酸三苯酯反应生成α-二乙基磷酰氨基取代苄基膦酸二苯酯(1),再经溴化氢的乙酸溶液处理,能选择性除去氨基上的保护基,得到相应的α-氨基取代苄基膦酸二苯酯溴化氢盐(2).2可视可合成膦酸肽的中间体,继续酸性水解可得α-氨基取代苄基膦酸(3).这个新的合成方法具有操作简便和产物纯度及得率均较高的特点。     

α-氨基膦酸及其酯的绿色合成研究进展

作为氨基酸的类似物,α-氨基膦酸及其酯不仅在化学和农药学方面有重要的作用,在医学上也有很广阔的应用前景,因此,人们对其合成方法进行了很多研究。本文综述了近年来对α-氨基膦酸及其酯的绿色合成研究的工作,并对其发展趋势作了进一步的展望。     

α-酰氨基烃基膦酸二乙酯的合成及其分子结构的测定

氨基膦酸是继氨基酸、氨基磺酸后在生物体中发现的第三类氨基酸,它在生物体中的分布、代谢和功能正在进一步研究中。目前人们正积极开展合成各种天然氨基酸的磷类似物——α-氨基烃基膦酸的肽,且巴发现这类合成肽具有重要的生理活性。在膦肽合成中,α-酰     

有机磷化合物的研究 ⅩⅤ.合成α-氨基取代苄基膦酸的新方法

在三氟化硼催化下,二乙基磷酰胺、取代苯甲醛和亚磷酸三苯酯反应生成α-二乙基磷酰氨基取代苄基膦酸二苯酯(1),再经溴化氢的乙酸溶液处理,能选择性除去氨基上的保护基,得到相应的α-氨基取代苄基膦酸二苯酯溴化氢盐(2).2可视为合成膦酸肽的中间体.继续酸性水解可得α-氨基取代苄基膦酸(3).这个新的合成方法具有操作简便和产物纯度及得率均较高的特点.     

Synthesis and evaluation of ketophosph(on)ates as beta-lactamase inhibitors

A series of amidoketophosph(on)ates of general structure PhCH2OCONHCH(R)COCHR'(CH2)n(O)P(O2-)(O)R' (R = H, CH3; R' = H, CH3; n = 0, 1; R' = H, CH3, Et, Ph) have been prepared as a potential source of beta-lactamase inhibitors. The phosphonates (n = 0) were obtained by means of the Arbuzov reaction while most of the phosphates were achieved from reaction of phosph(or/on)ic acids with the appropriate diazoketone PhCH2OCONHCH(R)COCR'N2. The electrophilicity of the carbonyl group in the resulting phosph(on)ates was assessed by the degree of hydration in aqueous solution, determined from NMR spectra. These compounds inhibited typical class C and class D beta-lactamases, particularly the latter group, but showed no activity against class A enzymes. To enhance the carbonyl electrophilicity, an alpha-difluorinated analogue (R = H, CHR' = CF2, n = 0, R' = Et) was also prepared, but no enhanced inhibitory activity was observed. All evidence suggested that these compounds inhibited in the carbonyl form rather than by formation of tetrahedral adducts at the beta-lactamase active site. They show promise as leads to specific class D beta-lactamase inhibitors.     

Efficient Lewis Acids Catalyzed Aza-Michael Reactions of Enones with Carbamates

The β-amino carbonyl functionality is not only a segment of biologically important natural products but also a versatile intermediate for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds.1 The development of novel synthetic methods leading to β-amino ketone, β-amino acids or their derivatives has attracted much attention in organic synthesis.2 Among the traditional methods for generating β-amino carbonyl compounds, Mannich-type reaction is one of the classical and powerful methods.3 However,…     

Synthesis of macrocycles and their application as chiral solvating agents in the enantiomeric recognition of carboxylic acids and α-amino acid derivatives

The chiral macrocycles 1 and 2 with multiple binding sites have been synthesized from D-phenylalanine as chiral solvating agents (CSAs) for the enantiomeric discrimination and determination of the enantiomeric excess of carboxylic acids and a-amino acids derivatives by the ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The results show that chiral macrocycles 1 and 2 are effective CSAs towards the carboxylic acids and a-amino acids derivatives.     

Gas chromatography of amino acids.

This review summarizes all papers that have appeared on the gas chromatography of amino acids (including the iodoamino acids) and their enantiomers in the period 1956-mid-1974. It has been found that the methods used for analysis of amino acids can be divided into three classes: (1) degradative procedures and techniques for converting the amino acid into another chemical compound; (2) procedures based on esterification of the carboxyl group and derivatization of the a-amino and other reactive groups in at least two steps; and (3) procedures based on a simultaneous derivatization of the carboxyl and a-amino groups in one reaction medium. For the treatment of the amino acid or its alkyl ester, three approaches can be distinguished for the two latter cases, i.e., acylation, alkylation (including silylation) and condensation. Of the procedures used for the resolution of optical antipodes, two methods are discussed, namely analysis of diastereoisomers on optically inactive stationary phases and separation of enantiomers on optically active stationary phases.     

配合物的稳定性与配位体碱强度之间的直线自由能关系 X.铜(II)-乙酰甘氨酸-α-氨基酸三元配合物竞争体系

报道了铜(II)-乙酰甘氨酸-α-氨基酸三元配合物体系的直线自由能关系. 以研究竞争性三元混配型配合物稳定性. 为认识生物体内所进行的生化反应的实质、用pH法测定了铜(II)-乙酰甘氨酸-α-氨基酸的竞争三元配合物的络合物生成常数.此处应用的α-氨基酸为L-脯氨酸, D,L-α-氨基异丁酸, L-异亮氨酸, L-缬氨酸,甘氨酸、L-丝氨酸、L-苏氨酸, 结果发现, 三元混配合物的稳定性与α-氨基酸的碱性强度间以及与原来的二元络合物间存在有线性自由能关系.     

Green Aza-Michael Reaction of Aliphatic Amines to á,(a)-Unsaturated Compounds in Water

The hydroamination of olefins is a long-standing goal for transition metal catalysis. And the metal-catalyzed addition of amines to carbon-carbon double bonds is an unsolved, synthetically important problem. Although recent advances have made using lanthanide and precious metal complexes, there are few excellent catalyst that display broad functional group tolerance and useful rates for an intermolecular aza-Michael addition. As such, the development of efficient synthetic methods leading to a-amino carbonyl compounds and derivatives has attracted much attention in organic synthesis. Although recent advances have made this route more attractive, development of cheaper, simpler, and more efficient metal catalyst is highly desirable. We also have been interested in developing a reaction that uses catalytic quantities of minimally toxic, readily available, economic reagent should greatly contribute to the creation of environmental benign processes.The recent interest in aqueous medium metal-mediated carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom and formations led to the contributors for such reactions. Furthermore, development of organic reactions in water will contribute to the progress of green and quasi-nature catalysis chemistry. Surprisingly however, there is few report on conjugate additions of amines to a,a-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in water.Herein, we report a new protocol that employs air stable copper salts as efficient catalyst in the aza-Michael reaction under mild reaction conditions. Advantages of the protocol include high-yielding reactions that can be conducted at ambient temperature; the use of readily available and stable copper salts as the catalyst, and the reaction was successfully performed in environmental benign solvent, water.Finally, we have utilized a variety of aliphatic amines successfully with different á,(a)-unsaturated compounds catalyzed by simple hydrophilic ionic liquid, bmimBF4 in water. Interestingly, all the aliphatic amines gave almost quantitative in yield with á,(a)-ethylenic compounds. The present reactions with its mild reaction conditions open a novel entry to synthesis of a-amino carbonyl compounds by simple procedure.     

含α-氨基酸功能基的聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯不对称树脂的合成

为了应用配位体离子交换树脂拆分外消旋混合物,由氯甲基化苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物经苯胺树脂中间体或相转移催化剂与各种光学活性的α-氨基酸进行胺缩合反应,可以得到含有α-氨基酸功能基的不对称离子交换树脂。红外光谱分析证实了这类树脂的结构。这类胺缩合反应受到各种条件和因素的影响,例如溶剂的性质,催化剂的用量,反应温度和反应时间等。采用上述两种方法合成的含L-脯氨酸功能基的不对称树脂的Cu(Ⅱ)络合物对DL-脯氨酸进行了拆分。     

Arrangement of tris(phthalocyaninato) gadolinium triple-decker complexes with multi-octyloxy groups on water surface

A series of five carefully designed tris(phthalocyaninato) gadolinium triple-decker complexes [Pc(R)8]Gd[Pc(R')8]Gd[Pc(R')8] (R=R'=R'=H; R=R'=H, R'=OC8H17; R=R'=H, R'=OC8H17; R=H, R'=R'=OC8H17; R=R'=R'=OC8H17) (1-5) were prepared and the film forming properties on water surface were systematically investigated. The limited mean molecular area obtained by pi-A isotherms revealed an "edge-on" conformation for all these compounds. UV-vis absorption spectra showed red-shifted Q bands, indicating the formation of J aggregates and effective intermolecular interaction in solid film. Phthalocyanine rings were found to take tilted orientation with respect to the normal of substrate according to the polarized absorption spectroscopic measurements. Low angle X-ray diffraction results provide direct evidence and therefore clearly clarify the point, for the first time, that unsymmetrical triple-decker molecules pack on the water surface with the unsubstituted phthalocyanine ring set close to the water surface and the substituted phthalocyanine ligand with octyloxy groups lies on the top.     

Selective transmembrane carriers for hydroxycarboxylic acids: Influence of a macrocyclic calix[4]arene platform

Selective transmembrane carriers for a-hydroxy acids, acyclic a-amino phosphonates and calix[4]arenes containing a-aminophosphonate substituents at the lower rim have been synthesized; analytical HPLC has been used to monitor the selective separation of dicarboxylic, a-hydroxy and a-amino acid mixtures by membrane extraction; the attachment of a-aminophosphonate fragments to the macrocyclic calix[4]arene platform results in receptors with markedly modified efficiency and selectivity relative to those of only aminophosphonates.     

α-氨基酸的不对称合成新进展

α-氨基酸的不对称合成是不对称合成方法学中不可缺少的重要组成部分. 着重从不对称反应形成化学键的角度出发, 综述了α-氨基酸不对称合成的最新进展.