广州老人进食中国营养平衡米的营养调查

介绍了广州老人进食中国营养平衡米（简称平衡米）的效果。营养调查发现，广州老人Ca,P,Fe,Zn和Se摄入量分别为403，807，17，14mg/d/人和46μg/d/人，说明老人Ca,Zn,Se不足，原因是主食籼米矿物质营养不平衡，进食平衡米后。老人Ca,P,Fe,Zn和Se摄入量分别提高到1153，863，45，45mg/d/人和111μg/d/人。结果说明，进食平衡米可以提高广州老人矿物质营养水平，使老人健康长寿。     

中国营养平衡米膳治疗肾衰病人的Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se平衡论证

采用营养调查方法 ,对门诊 30例血透肾衰患者进行了调查 ,并对其进食中国营养平衡米膳改善Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se不平衡进行了论证。结果表明 ,临床表现为面黄肌瘦 ,苍白 ,浮肿 ,疲劳 ,消瘦 ,虚弱 ,无力 ,食欲不振 ,恶心呕吐 ,头晕 ,皮肤瘙痒 ,肌肉震颤 ,手足麻木 ,无精神等明显的营养不良 ,平均体重 5 3 5kg ,皮脂厚度 1 1 2cm ,检验为血清总蛋白 67 31mg dL ,白蛋白 37 4 9mg dL ,RBC 2 4 1× 1 0 12 /L ;氮质血症 (x) :BUN 31mmol l,Cr 1 0 0 2 6μmol L。膳食中平均每人每日微量元素摄入量为 :Fe 1 7 99mg ,Zn 1 0 35mg ,Se 5 9 2 2 μg,Cu 1 71mg ,Mn3 95mg ,以肾衰患者RDA标准评价 ,Zn、Cu未达到RDA ,Fe ,偏高 ,Mn、Se达标。证明血透肾衰患者微量元素营养不平衡。RDA标准评价分别为 1 5 0 %、 69%、 1 1 8%、 86%、 1 5 8%。若改食中国营养平衡米膳 ,Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn摄入量分别为 1 9 74mg、 2 4 64mg、 1 78mg、4 0 9mg ,达标率分别为 1 65 %、 1 64%、 1 5 7%、 89%、 1 64% ,则全部达标率近 90 %以上 ,且比原来膳食中元素平衡 ,证明营养平衡米膳的Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn均与RDA标准模式平衡。因此 ,建议血透肾衰患者进食中国营养平衡米膳 ,可望改善其微量元素营养不平衡状况 ,提高生存质     

广东省某民办中学膳食中微量元素调查及其评价

为调查和评价民办中学膳食中微量元素营养情况,探讨最佳膳食模式,全面改善学生的营养,采用称质量法调查三天膳食。结果表明,每人每天微量元素摄入量(RDA)为:Ca523.00mg、Fe10.72mg、Zn10.91mg、Se58.07μg;用RDA标准评价,Ca、Fe、Zn、Se达标率(%)分别为:初中男生45.58、76.00、68.07、100.00;女生33.59、39.50、50.00、100;高中男生52.80、70.87、77.00、100.00;女生47.50、46.70、76.33、100.00。结论是该中学学生Se达标;Ca、Fe、Zn均未达标,有待研究最佳膳食模式,全面改善学生营养。     

血透患者微量元素营养状况初步探讨

对门诊维持性血透肾衰患者进行了膳食营养调查。结果表明：（1）在临床检查中发现,血透肾衰患者面黄肌瘦,面色苍白,浮肿,疲劳;体质虚弱,四肢无力;精神不振,具有明显的营养不良的临床表现。（2）在膳食调查中发现,每人每日营养素摄入量为蛋白质41．54mg,热量5288kJ,钙104mg、铁4．86mg和锌8．86mg、硒35μg、铜2．28mg、锰2．86mg、镁76．50mg、磷448mg、钾752mg和钠1385．4mg;视黄醇当量368μg、vitarmin B10.58mg、vitamin B20.39mg、vitarnin C51mg、vitaminPP12.60mg和vitaminE0.38mg。提示血透肾衰患者蛋白质－热量营养不良,K、Na过量,而Ca、Mg、P等宏量元素和Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se等微量元素和RE、vitamin B1、vitamin B2、vitamin C均未达到RDA要求。原因是主食营养不平衡。因此,建议对血透肾衰患者进食主食营养平衡米（NBR）和制订平衡食谱,开展透析日营养治疗和病人家庭营养治疗。改善血透肾衰患者微量元素营养状况。     

中国营养平衡米膳治疗肾衰病人的Ca、P、K、Na、Mg平衡论证

用营养调查方法 ,对门诊 30例血透肾衰患者进行了调查 ,并对其进食中国营养平衡米(下称营养平衡米 )膳中Ca、P、K、Na、Mg进行了论证。临床表现为面黄肌瘦、苍白、浮肿、疲劳、消瘦、虚弱、无力、食欲不振、恶心呕吐、头晕、皮肤瘙痒、肌肉震颤、手足麻木、无精神等明显的营养不良表现 ,平均体重 5 3 5kg ,皮脂厚度 1 1 2cm ,血清总蛋白 6 7 31mg/dL ,白蛋白 37 4 9mg/dL ,RBC 2 4 1× 1 0 12 /L ,HGB 6 8 81g/L ,PLT 1 72 1× 1 0 9/L ,K 1 6 1 5mg/dL ,Na392 72mg/dL ,C1 2 88 2 2mg/dL ,Ca 6 2 8mg/dL ,P 6 1 1mg/dL ;氮质血症 (x) :BUN 31mmol/L ,Cr 1 0 0 2 6 μmol/L ;膳食中平均每人每日常量元素摄入量为Ca34 1 4 3mg、P 70 7 0 9mg、K1 2 1 5 5 6mg、Na 2 2 2 6 1 9mg、Mg 1 79 4 5mg ,以肾衰病人RDA标准为Ca 1 0 0 0 /1 5 0 0 ,P 6 0 0 ,K5 0 0 ,Na 1 0 0 0 ,Mg 2 0 0 /30 0 ,评价分别为 2 3%～ 34 %、 1 1 8%、 2 4 3%、 2 2 3%、 6 0 %～ 90 % ,则K、Na、P过量 ,而Ca、Mg不足。若改食用营养平衡米膳 ,摄入量分别为 1 4 2 3、 92 4、 1 4 32、 2 2 36、2 79mg ,达标率分别为 95 %～ 1 4 2 % ,1 5 4 % ,2 86 % ,2 2 4 % ,93%～ 1 4 9%。则达标率 1 0 0 % ,且比原来膳食中元素平衡。     

白族长寿地区硬果仁中19种元素的测定分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）,对云南省白族长寿区的葵花子仁、麻子仁和核桃仁中的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、AI、B、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo、Sr、Mn、Cr、Se、Ge、Cd、Pb、As等19种元素进行了测定分析。结果表明,3种硬果仁中含有丰富的人体必需的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se、Cu、Cr、Sr、Mo等有益元素,且P、Mg、S、Ca、Na、Zn、Mn、Fe、Se的含量较高。这些生命元素在3种硬果仁中的含量存在差异。有害元素Cd、Pb均未检出,核桃仁中As含量较高。硬果仁中富含这些生命元素是该地区老人健康长寿的一个重要原因。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定不同品种山药中矿物质元素与对比研究

采用微波消解样品,运用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定山药中K,Na,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,Se,Pb,Cd和Cr 12种元素。结果表明:方法简便、快速、准确;山药富含对人体有益的K,Ca,Fe,Mg,Zn,Mn,Se等矿物质元素,其肉质中重金属元素Pb,Cd,Cr含量均未超过国家食品卫生标准。     

微波消解/ICP—AES法测定不同品种山药中矿物质元素与对比研究

采用微波消解样品,运用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定山药中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Se、Pb、Cd和Cr等12种元素。结果表明：方法简便、快速、准确度高;四种山药均富含对人体有益的K、Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn、Se等矿物质元素,其肉质中Pb、Cd、Cr含量均未超过国家食品卫生标准。     

中国外销普通型营养平衡米及其配膳的微量元素平衡研究

报告了中国外销普通型营养平衡米（下称营养平衡米）与普通籼米的TE含量、NSF值和INQ值,并将营养平衡米平衡米配膳和籼米配膳的NSF进行了比较。结果表明：每100g外销普通型营养平衡米Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量为0．719、1．043、1．391、0．439mg,均高于籼米的0．39、0．92、1．20、0．29mg;NSF值分别为19．97、208．60、46．37、109．75,均高于籼米的0．30、184．00、40．00、72．50,其各营养素含量对人体营养素供给量满足程度比普通米更接近人体营养平衡模式。营养平衡米的INQ值,幼儿组分别为0．24、2．76、0．46、1．16,均高于籼米的0．10、2．53、0．41、0．80,儿童组和成人组结果与幼儿组的一致,其各营养素含量比普通米平衡安全,长期食用,热量满足,各营养素达到RDA,不会出现肥胖等营养过剩或营养不良的危险,还可改善营养不平衡状况。营养平衡米膳的NSF值分别为29．808、115．280、173．028、171．234,高于籼米膳的25．35、105．44、170．48、156．33,其膳食的NSF值比普通米膳食NSF值更接近膳食NSF标准,更符合平衡膳食模式要求。证明营养平衡米及其配膳的微量元素TE平衡,且比籼米及其配膳的营养价值高。因此,当前很有必要推广食用营养平衡米,预防和改善当前营养不平衡状况和防治因Zn、Cu、Fe、Se引起的疾病,并促进儿童生长发育。     

不同生长时期盐藻无机元素分析

测定了对数生长期和稳定期盐藻中10种无机元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量。结果表明，稳定期盐藻中K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量比对数生长期都有不同程度的增加，Na、P的含量反而降低。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.