Pluriadjoint bundles of polarized surfaces

LetX be a complex connected projective smooth algebraic surface and letL be an ample line bundle onX. The maps associated with the pluriadjoint bundles (K _X L) ¹,t2, are studied by combining an ampleness result forK _X L with a very recent result by Reider. It turns out that apart from some exceptions and up to reductions, 1) (K _X L)³ is very ample; 2) (K _X L) ² is ample and spanned by global sections and is very ample unless eitherg (L)=2 (arithmetic genus ofL) orX contains an elliptic curveE withE ²=0,E·L=1;3) when (K _X L) ² is not very ample, the associated map has degree 4, equality implying thatg (L)=2 and .     

Differential geometry of tensor product immersions II

In the first part of this series, we prove that the tensor product immersionf ₁ f _2k of2k isometric spherical immersions of a Riemannian manifoldM in Euclidean space is of-type with k and classify tensor product immersionsf ₁ f _2k which are ofk-type. In this article we investigate the tensor product immersionsf ₁ f _2k which are of (k+1)-type. Several classification theorems are obtained.     

Lifting-Probleme für Vektorfunktionen und ⊗-Sequenzen

In this article the topologically exact sequences of locally convex spaces are characterized for which for every locally convex space F the map id : FE F Q is a homomorphism, or equivalently, the map id L : FK F E is a topological injection. This is motivated by the problem of lifting Q-valued functions with certain given properties to E-valued functions with the same or slightly weaker properties, which may also be considered as the investigation of parameter dependences of solutions of linear (differential) equations. Applications to partial differential equations and to Fredholm functions are given.     

Embeddings of Banach Spaces Into Banach Lattices and the Gordon–Lewis Property

In this paper we first show that if X is a Banach space and is a left invariant crossnorm on lX, then there is a Banach lattice L and an isometric embedding J of X into L, so that I J becomes an isometry of lX onto l_m J(X). Here I denotes the identity operator on l and l_m J(X) the canonical lattice tensor product. This result is originally due to G. Pisier (unpublished), but our proof is different. We then use this to prove the main results which characterize the Gordon–Lewis property GL and related structures in terms of embeddings into Banach lattices.     

Equivalence Bimodule Between Non-Commutative Tori

The non-commutative torus C ^*(ⁿ,) is realized as the C*-algebra of sections of a locally trivial C*-algebra bundle over S with fibres isomorphic to C ^*n/S, ₁) for a totally skew multiplier ₁ on ⁿ/S. D. Poguntke [9] proved that A is stably isomorphic to C(S) C(^*( Zⁿ/S, ₁) C(S) A M_kl( C) for a simple non-commutative torus A and an integer kl. It is well-known that a stable isomorphism of two separable C*-algebras is equivalent to the existence of equivalence bimodule between them. We construct an A-C(S) A-equivalence bimodule.     

The Spectral Theory of Amenable Actions and Invariants of Discrete Groups

Let G denote a semisimple group, a discrete subgroup, B=G/P the Poisson boundary. Regarding invariants of discrete subgroups we prove, in particular, the following:(1) For any -quasi-invariant measure on B, and any probablity measure on , the norm of the operator () on L ²(B,) is equal to (), where is the unitary representation in L ²(X,), and is the regular representation of .(2) In particular this estimate holds when is Lebesgue measure on B, a Patterson–Sullivan measure, or a -stationary measure, and implies explicit lower bounds for the displacement and Margulis number of (w.r.t. a finite generating set), the dimension of the conformal density, the -entropy of the measure, and Lyapunov exponents of .(3) In particular, when G=PSL₂() and is free, the new lower bound of the displacement is somewhat smaller than the Culler–Shalen bound (which requires an additional assumption) and is greater than the standard ball-packing bound.We also prove that ()=_G() for any amenable action of G and L ¹(G), and conversely, give a spectral criterion for amenability of an action of G under certain natural dynamical conditions. In addition, we establish a uniform lower bound for the -entropy of any measure quasi-invariant under the action of a group with property T, and use this fact to construct an interesting class of actions of such groups, related to 'virtual' maximal parabolic subgroups. Most of the results hold in fact in greater generality, and apply for instance when G is any semi-simple algebraic group, or when is any word-hyperbolic group, acting on their Poisson boundary, for example.     

Note on Fano 3-folds

LetE be an ample vector bundle of rankr on a compact complex manifoldX of dimension 3 with detE=–K _x, andi(X) the index ofX. Then it is proved in this note thati(X)r unless (X,E)(¹ × ²,p*O(1) q*), wherep,q are the projections and is isomorphic toO(2) O(1) or the tangent bundleT of ². This result gives a counterexample to the conjecture formed by T. Peternell.     

Infinitesimal,first order bendings of smooth,convex surfaces of revolution subject to conic,sleeve-like constraints along the boundary

We prove that on a closed, smooth, convex surface of revolution , whose poles are not flattening points, there exists only a countable set of parallels _n. Each of these parallels cuts surface into two parts so that one of the parts, , admits nontrivial, infinitesimal bendings in the process of which all the points of its boundary _n are displaced on a preassigned, conic sleeve K that is coaxial with the surface. The sequence of such parallels _n converges to parallel ^*, which has the following properties: 1) the tangent cone to surface along ^* is orthogonal to sleeve K; 2) surface , cut off from surface by parallel ^*, has rigidity of first order in the indicated class of bendings.Translated from Ukrainskii Geometricheskii Sbornik, No. 33, pp. 3–8, 1990.     

A symmetry problem in the calculus of variations

Let be a ball in ^N, centered at zero, and letu be a minimizer of the nonconvex functional over one of the classesC _M := {w W _loc ^1, () 0 w(x) M in,w concave} orE _M := {w W _loc ^1,2 () 0 w(x) M in,w 0 inL()}of admissible functions. Thenu is not radial and not unique. Therefore one can further reduce the resistance of Newton's rotational body of minimal resistance through symmetry breaking.     

Long paths and cycles in tough graphs

For a graphG, letp(G) andc(G) denote the length of a longest path and cycle, respectively. Let (t,n) be the minimum ofp(G), whereG ranges over allt-tough connected graphs onn vertices. Similarly, let (t,n) be the minimum ofc(G), whereG ranges over allt-tough 2-connected graphs onn vertices. It is shown that for fixedt>0 there exist constantsA, B such that (t,n)A·log(n) and (t,n)·log((t,n))B·log(n). Examples are presented showing that fort1 there exist constantsA, B such that (t,n)A·log(n) and (t,n)B· log(n). It is conjectured that (t,n) B·log(n) for some constantB. This conjecture is shown to be valid within the class of 3-connected graphs and, as conjectured in Bondy [1] forl=3, within the class of 2-connectedK _1.l-free graphs, wherel is fixed.     

On 0-distance-preserving permutations of affine and projective quadrics

Two pointsX, Y of a quadricF in an affine or projective space are called 0-distant, writtenX Y, if they coincide or if their connecting line is a subset ofF. In this paper, answers are given to the question under which conditions an arbitrary permutation ofF satisfyingX Y X Y X,Y F can be extended to a collineation of the given space.Dedicated to Rafael Artzy on the occasion of his 80th birthday     

Tame and wild subspace problems

Assume thatB is a finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed fieldk, B _d =Spec k[(B _d ] is the affine algebraic scheme whoseR-points are theB _k k[B_d]-module structures onR ^d, and M_d is a canonical B_k k[B_d]-module supported by k[B_d]^d. Further, say that an affine subscheme of B_d isclass true if the functor F_gn X M_{d k[B]} X induces an injection between the sets of isomorphism classes of indecomposable finite-dimensional modules over k[] andB. If B_d contains a class-true plane for somed, then the schemes B_e contain class-true subschemes of arbitrary dimensions. Otherwise, each B_d contains a finite number of classtrue puncture straight linesL(d, i) such that for eachn, almost each indecomposableB-module of dimensionn is isomorphic to someF _{L(d, i)} (X); furthermore,F _{L(d, i)} (X) is not isomorphic toF _{L(l, j)} (Y) if(d, i) (l, j) andX 0. The proof uses a reduction to subspace problems, for which an inductive algorithm permits us to prove corresponding statements.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 313–352, March, 1993.     

A note on sub-multiplicative norms

Summary IfX is a finite-dimensional linear space andL(X) the linear space of linear operators onX thenL(X) may be represented asXX ^*. IfE={e ₁, ...,e _n } is a basis forX and e _j y _j ^* is a typical element ofXX ^*, then norms can be introduced onL(X) in the form y _j ^* e _j . Given that the norm onX isE-absolute we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the norm onL(X) to be submultiplicative.     

Groups acting simply transitively on the vertices of a building of typeà 2, II: The casesq=2 andq=3

If (P, L) is a projective plane and is a triangle presentation compatible with a point-line correspondence :P L, then gives rise to a group and a thick building of typeà ₂ on the vertices of which acts simply transitively. We find all triangle presentations (up to natural equivalence) compatible with some point-line correspondence :P L, when (P, L) is the projective plane of orderq=2 orq=3. For some, but not all, of these , is isomorphic to the building associated withG=PGL(3,K) whereK is a local field with discrete valuation and residual field of orderq. We identify the for which this is the case, and in these cases, find embeddings of intoG. We also describe the arithmetic nature of these groups.     

The Long Dimodules Category and Nonlinear Equations

Let H be a bialgebra and _H L^H be the category of Long H-dimodules defined, for a commutative and co-commutative H, by F. W. Long and studied in connection with the Brauer group of a so-called H-dimodule algebra. For a commutative and co-commutative H, _H L^H =_H YD^H (the category of Yetter–Drinfel'd modules), but for an arbitrary H, the categories _H L^H and _H YD^H are basically different. Keeping in mind that the category _H YD^H is deeply involved in solving the quantum Yang–Baxter equation, we study the category _H L^H of H-dimodules in connection with what we have called the D-equation: R¹² R²³ = R²³ R¹², where R End_k(M M) for a vector space M over a field k. The main result is a FRT-type theorem: if M is finite-dimensional, then any solution R of the D-equation has the form R = R_{(M, , )}, where (M, , ) is a Long D(R)-dimodule over a bialgebra D(R) and R_{(M, , )} is the special map R_{(M, , )}(m n) : = n₁ m n₀. In the last section, if C is a coalgebra and I is a coideal of C, we introduce the notion of D-map on C, that is a k-bilinear map : C C / I k satisfying a condition which ensures on the one hand that, for any right C-comodule, the special map R is a solution of the D-equation and, on the other, that, in the finite case, any solution of the D-equation has this form.     

Compact sets in the spaceL p (O,T; B)

Summary A characterization of compact sets in L^p (0, T; B) is given, where 1P and B is a Banach space. For the existence of solutions in nonlinear boundary value problems by the compactness method, the point is to obtain compactness in a space L^p (0,T; B) from estimates with values in some spaces X, Y or B where XBY with compact imbedding XB. Using the present characterization for this kind of situations, sufficient conditions for compactness are given with optimal parameters. As an example, it is proved that if {f_n} is bounded in L^q(0,T; B) and in L _loc ¹ (0, T; X) and if {f_n/t} is bounded in L _loc ¹ (0, T; Y) then {f_n} is relatively compact in L^p(0,T; B), p相似文献   

Abstract Bott periodicity inKK-theory

We show that the universalC*-algebras KqA and K²A are homotopy equivalent and define abstract analogues of the Bott elements inKK-theory.     

Homotopy Classification of Categorical Torsors

The long-known results of Schreier on group extensions are here raised to a categorical level by giving a factor set theory for torsors under a categorical group (G,) over a small category . We show a natural bijection between the set of equivalence classes of such torsors and [B({}),B(G,)], the set of homotopy classes of continuous maps between the corresponding classifying spaces. These results are applied to algebraically interpret the set of homotopy classes of maps from a CW-complex X to a path-connected CW-complex Y with _i (Y)=0 for all i1,2.     

A family of noetherian rings with their finite length modules under control

We investigate the category mod of finite length modules over the ring =A _k , where is a V-ring, i.e. a ring for which every simple module is injective, k a subfield of its centre and A an elementary k-algebra. Each simple module E _j gives rise to a quasiprogenerator P _j = A E _j . By a result of K. Fuller, P _j induces a category equivalence from which we deduce that mod _j mod EndP _j . As a consequence we can(1) construct for each elementary k-algebra A over a finite field k a nonartinian noetherian ring such that modA mod(2) find twisted versions of algebras of wild representation type such that itself is of finite or tame representation type (in mod)(3) describe for certain rings the minimal almost split morphisms in mod and observe that almost all of these maps are not almost split in Mod.     

Some function classes closed under infimal convolution

It is shown that the following classes of functionsf, each defined on some subsetD of a fixed Hausdorff topological vector spaceE, are closed under the binary operation of infimal convolution: (a) the class of functionsf:D[–, ) having connectedstrict lower level sets; (b) the class of functionsf:D having compact connected lower level sets; and (c) the class of functionsf:D having compact lower level sets and for which every local minimizer is global. In (a),E need not be Hausdorff; while in (a) and (b), the word connected may be replaced by the word path-connected.