己二酸—三羟甲基丙烷缩聚反应的理论分析

用唐敖庆等曾得到的含内环化A_a-B_b型缩聚反应的固化理论,对配料比为1.3的己二酸-三羟甲基丙烷缩聚反应实验数据进行了分析,得到的溶胶-凝胶分配曲线与实验结果符合的较好,进一步讨论了内环化对凝胶点的影响,算出了凝胶点以上数均、重均和Z均分子量的理论曲线.     

气相色谱法测定聚酯中的三羟甲基丙烷

在饱和聚酯的组成分析过程中,一般通过测定的核磁氢谱和定量碳谱的化学位移数据与标准数据对比就能确定参加反应的单体种类,通过各单体在氢谱和定量碳谱中的峰面积比能准确地得到其比例。但对于像三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、三苯三酸酐(TMA)等单体,它们含有3个官能团,在饱和聚酯中的主要作用是起架桥作用,即将线型高分子变成立体形。它们在聚酯合成中一般用量不高,很多情况下仅为1%～0 1%(质量分数)。此时,用核磁共振光谱测定,在氢谱中其峰太小,被其他组分峰覆盖;在定量碳谱中,因灵敏度低,难以定量。本文针对这种情况,对含1%～0 1%TMP的饱…     

碱性离子液体催化合成三羟甲基丙烷

以碱性离子液体为催化剂, 构建了一种新型、高效的合成三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)的方法. 系统考察了催化剂类型、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、甲醛与正丁醛用量比等因素对三羟甲基丙烷分离收率的影响. 研究结果表明: 碱性离子液体的催化性能与其碱强度息息相关, 碱性越强、催化活性越高. 最优条件下, 经离子液体[bmim]OH催化后, 可得到84%的TMP分离收率, 这一结果优于传统的有机无机碱催化体系且成功规避了传统碱催化合成TMP过程中繁琐的除盐过程、降低了过程能耗. 此外, 离子液体催化剂和未反应的丁醛均表现了良好的重复使用性能.     

基于近红外光谱智能反演的三羟甲基丙烷合成过程在线监测

本文发展了近红外光谱技术的智能反演方法,建立三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)生产过程中产品及其副产物的定量分析模型,实现其产物及其副产物含量的快速检测,同时定量监测TMP的工艺合成过程,构建TMP合成过程的在线监控系统.首先采用气相色谱法测定TMP合成过程中产品及其副产物含量,然后采集大量样品的近红外光谱图,最后调用TQ Analyst软件的偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立产品TMP、副产物双三羟甲基丙烷、2-乙基-2-己烯醛、2-乙基丙烯醛的4种智能预测模型.结果表明,所建立的TMP、双三羟甲基丙烷、2-乙基-2-己烯醛、2-乙基丙烯醛的4种定量分析模型的校正均方根误差(RMSEC)分别为0.744、0.300、1.500、1.280,相关系数(R)分别为0.9868、0.9840、0.9945、0.9113;预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为1.290、0.588、1.440、1.180, R分别为0.9797、0.9209、0.9960、0.9323.最终证实了所建立的TMP合成过程中产品及其副产物的近红外智能反演模型具有较好的预测精度与预测稳定性,可用于三羟甲基丙烷的合成过程的在线监测.     

杂多酸引发四氢呋喃开环聚合反应Ⅷ.以1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷为分子量调节剂

Polyether triol with molecular weight distribution index being 1.3～1.5 was prepared in yield around 50% by tetrahydrofuran polymerization using heteropolyacid-H-3PW12O40 and ethylene oxide as initiator system and 1,1,1-trihydroxymethylenepropane(TMP) as molecular weight controller.The average hydroxyl functionality was estimated by end-group analysis and VPO to be close or equal to 3. The 1H-NMR　spectra showed that about 1/3 hydroxyl of TMP did not react with the propagating chains in the THF polymerization.Each of the unreacted hydroxyl groups of TMP attached to the middle or to the end of a diol chain as a pendent primary hydroxyl group forming the obtained polyether triol. All the hydroxyls of polyether triol were verified to be active enough towards 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocynate) in the preparation of polyurethanes.     

三羟甲基氨基甲烷的合成

通过对羟甲基化反应条件的研究,找出了有效提高合成三羟甲基硝基甲烷产率的方法,即n(硝基甲烷)∶n(甲醛)=1∶3.2,Ca(OH)2溶液作催化剂,调节pH值至9左右,控温30℃反应4小时,得到三羟甲基硝基甲烷,产率达91.3%。在乙醇和二氯甲烷的溶剂中以水合肼为还原剂,加入催化剂还原硝基。将还原芳香族硝基化合物的方法应用到多羟基脂肪族硝基化合物上。     

三氟甲基环丙烷衍生物的合成

在氟化钾存在下,含三氟甲基贫电子烯烃与一系列鉮盐反应,合成了3个新的2-三氟甲基-3-芳基甲酰基-1-乙氧羰基环丙烷,其结构经1H NMR, 13C NM R, 19F NMR, IR和MS表征,立体异构体用二维核磁共振技术确证.     

三羟甲基乙烷催化合成的工艺改进

三羟甲基乙烷(Trimethylolthane,简称TME)是重要的化学中间体和精细化工产品,广泛应用于生产高级醇酸树脂、聚酯和聚醚,制备高级润滑油、增塑剂、聚合物阻氧化剂和乳化剂等[1-3].此外,三羟甲基乙烷因其在相变过程中具有相变热较高、体积变化小、无腐蚀、热效率高等特点而倍受重视.近年来国内外对其进行了许多基础和应用的研究,在保暖纤维和服装中均得到广泛应用[4-7],并已延伸到医疗、保健、汽车、军用等领域[8].     

杂多酸引发甲氢呋喃开环聚合反应——Ⅶ.以1，1，1—三羟甲基丙烷为分子量调节剂

聚氨酯是由硬段和软段组成,其中的软段主要来源于聚醚或聚酯,通过化学交联反应可改变聚氨酯的力学性能,由过氧化物引发或使用小分子的三醇作为扩链剂对聚氨酯的硬段进行化学交联,所得聚氨酯的性能会变坏;而使用环氧丙烷（PO）与四氢呋喃（THF）的共聚醚三醇来制备在软段化学交联的聚氨酯,所得聚氨酯与由PO－THF共聚醚二醇制备的聚氨酯相比,断裂伸长率有轻微的下降,但抗拉强度得取了很大改善,由此可见,通过聚醚多元醇对聚氮酯的软段进行化学交联,有利于改善其力学性能。     

油酸新戊二醇癸二酸混合酯的合成及其性能研究

以新戊二醇(NPG)和癸二酸(SA)为原料,经酯化反应合成了"寡聚物"(1),测定1的寡聚度(m)。当n(NPG)∶n(SA)=1.4~3.0时,1的m在5.44~1.61,收率95%以上。将1与油酸进行酯化得到混合酯(2),收率83%~89%。测定了2的粘度和热氧化稳定性,结果表明2的粘度随着m的增大而增大,热氧化稳定性随m的增大而提高。2在40℃的粘度为(116~273)mm2.s-1,粘度指数均超过200,凝点低于-40℃。1和2的结构经IR表征。     

清洁催化氧化合成己二酸

以新颖的过氧钨酸盐——有机酸配位络合物为催化剂,在无溶剂和无相转移剂的条件下,用30％的过氧化氢氧化环己烯合成己二酸,其收率可达93－95％。本文讨论了配位体种类及催化剂用量对反应的影响。     

Excellent Synthesis of Adipic Acid

Abstract

A simple, straightforward, and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of adipic acid from oxidation of cyclohexanone with Oxone® in the presence of 0.5 mol% RuCl₃ · nH₂O is reported. The reaction completes within a very short time even at room temperature. The generality of the method is shown successfully for synthesis of other C-5 to C-8 dicarboxylic acids.     

Hyperbranched Polyesters Based on Adipic Acid and Glycerol

Summary: Hyperbranched polyesters with controlled molecular weights and properties have been prepared by an A₂ + B₃ approach by reacting glycerol and adipic acid without any solvents in the presence of tin catalysts. The hyperbranched polyesters have been evaluated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis and NMR spectroscopy in order to determine molecular weights and degrees of branching.

Idealized structure of the hyperbranched polyesters synthesized here from adipic acid and glycerol in the presence of tin catalysts.     

Synthesis and Primary Research on Antitumor Activity of Three New Panaxadiol Fatty Acid Esters

For making use of Ginseng resources that exhibit an antitumor activity and for finding new anticancer drugs,three new fatty acid ester compounds: 3β-acetoxy panaxadiol ( Ⅰ ), 3β-palmitic acid aceloxy panaxadiol ( Ⅱ ), and 3β-octadecanoic acid aceloxy panaxadiol( Ⅰ , Ⅱ , and Ⅲ ) were synthesized with panaxadiol, diacetyl oxide, palmityl chloride and stearyl chloride, and their structures were determined via MS, 13C NMR, IR, TLC, and so on. The molar yields of the three compounds are 75.14%, 79. 08%, and 72. 57%, respectively. Meanwhile, the antitumor activity of the three new panaxadiol fatty acid ester derivatives and panaxadiol was compared by using the method of MTT. Tumor cell used was Vero cell line. Positive control was 5-FU, blank was an RPMI1640 culture medium, negative control was an RPMI1640 culture medium and the solvent for drugs to be tested. Compound Ⅰ has the strongest antitumor activity followed by panaxadiol; compounds Ⅱ and Ⅲ have similar and weakest antitumor activities.Furthermore, the antitumor activities of the panaxadiol fatty acid ester derivatives show positive correlation with the concentration of the test group, but show no relationship with the molecular weight of fatty acid. The methods that are used to synthesize the three compounds with high yields and strong antitumor activities are simple and show a great potential for meeting the needs of industrial manufacture of these drugs.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Polyesters Based on Isophthalic Acid and Trimethylolpropane

Hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyesters (HBPEs) with aromatic/aliphatic structure were synthesized at three different monomer mole ratios (A₂/B₃=1, 0.9, and 0.6, respectively) by melt polycondensation of isophthalic acid and trimethylolpropane via A₂+ B₃ approach. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the expected HBPEs, which showed excellent solubility in a variety of polar solvents such as N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and terahydrofuran (THF), were produced without gelation during the polymerization. The weight-average molecular weight of HBPEs ranged from 7014 to 8306 and their inherent viscosities were varied from 0.17 to 0.34 dL/g. The degree of branching of the HBPEs was estimated to be 0.39–0.49 by¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR measurement. Their glass transition temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was between 64 and 86°C. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement revealed that HBPEs had ca 8.5% weight-loss at 300°C in N₂.     

用双氧水绿色氧化环己酮合成己二酸的研究

以30%的双氧水为氧化剂, 钨酸钠与含N或O的双齿有机配体(草酸)形成的络合物为催化剂, 在无有机溶剂、无相转移剂的条件下, 研究了环己酮氧化制己二酸的反应. 研究结果表明, 用廉价的草酸为配体, 最佳反应条件为钨酸钠∶草酸∶环己酮∶30%的双氧水的物质的量比为2.0∶3.3∶100∶350, 在92 ℃下反应12 h, 可制得80.6%的己二酸; 用GC-MS跟踪了氧化过程中三种主要物质环己酮、己内酯及己二酸含量随反应时间的变化关系, 提出了其主要氧化机理为环己酮首先经Beayer-Villiger氧化反应生成己内酯, 己内酯进一步氧化成己二酸.     

Direct Synthesis of Adipic Esters and Adiponitrile via Photoassisted Cobalt-Catalyzed Alkene Hydrodimerization

The direct hydrodimerization of acrylates and acrylonitrile offers a general streamlined access to industrially important intermediates to nylon 6,6. However, a practical catalytic method for this process has thus far underdeveloped owing to the challenges in regioselectivity and environmental compatibility of applied reagents. Here, we report a cobalt-catalyzed tail-to-tail hydrodimerization of activated alkenes driven by a visible-light photoredox catalysis at ambient temperature, which is applicable to both adipates and adiponitrile synthesis from potentially renewable feedstocks. This protocol utilizes half equivalent of hantzsch ester as a recyclable two-electron and two-proton donor with the assistance of catalytic amount of base as a proton shuttle, and has been shown to be highly regioselective and efficient for hydrodimerizing various activated alkenes to 1,4-difunctionalized butane derivatives.