掺钽钨青铜的制备及光学性能

以TaCl₅和Na₂WO₄为原料,采用水热法在170 ℃制备性能良好的掺钽钨青铜(Ta_<i>xWO₃)纳米线。利用Ｘ射线衍射技术(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)及拉曼光谱(Raman)等分析手段,对该材料的结构、形貌及光谱性能进行表征。XRD结果表明：Ta_xWO₃纳米材料为六方相结构氧化钨,当Ta_xWO₃中Ta/W摩尔比小于0.04时,晶胞参数随着掺杂量的增大而逐渐增大,当掺杂量达到大于0.04后保持基本不变。UV-Vis光谱表明,随着钽掺杂量的增大,紫外吸收峰发生红移,即能隙逐渐减小。Raman光谱显示：随钽掺杂量的增大,Raman峰位逐渐向低波数方向移动,同时振动峰逐渐宽化,进一步证明了钽掺杂对氧化钨结构的影响。光催化降解罗丹明B的实验显示,制备的Ta_xWO₃具有较高的光催化活性。     

纳米Ce_(1-x)(Fe_(0.5)La_(0.5)x)O_(2-δ)固溶体的水热合成及光谱分析

采用水热方法合成Ce1-x(Fe0.5La0.5)xO2-δ固溶体。利用X射线衍射技术(X-ray diffraction tech-nique,XRD)表征样品的相结构,并对固溶体的晶胞参数进行拟合,通过紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis dif-fraction spectrum)及拉曼光谱(Raman spectrum)表征其电子跃迁性能及由于双离子掺杂所引起的一系列掺杂效应。XRD结果表明,Ce1-x(Fe0.5La0.5)xO2-δ固溶体为CeO2立方萤石结构,当掺杂量增加到x=0.30时出现了微弱的Fe2O3杂相衍射峰;讨论了两种离子在晶格中不同的取代位置。晶胞参数随着掺杂量的增大而逐渐增大,当掺杂量达到x=0.18后保持基本不变。紫外漫反射光谱表明,随着掺杂量的增大,固溶体的带隙吸收边红移,即能隙逐渐减小,Fe离子在CeO2晶格中表现为+3价。Raman光谱F2g振动峰位逐渐向低波数方向移动,同时振动峰逐渐宽化,进一步证明了掺杂离子的影响效应。     

钽掺杂氧化钨薄膜电致变色性能

为改善氧化钨电致变色薄膜的电化学循环稳定性,采用磁控溅射方法制备了钽掺杂的氧化钨电致变色薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、光谱椭偏仪(SE)、紫外-可见分光光度计、电化学工作站对薄膜的微观结构、光谱调制能力、着色效率、循环稳定性进行了表征和分析,研究了钽掺杂对氧化钨薄膜结构及电致变色性能的影响。结果表明,适量掺杂可以调节薄膜的微观结构,使薄膜中的裂纹减少,表面更为均匀;但当掺杂过度时,薄膜太过致密,甚至出现表面颗粒团聚凸起的现象,影响了薄膜的多孔性和均匀性,阻碍了离子在薄膜中的迁移和扩散;相对于未掺杂的氧化钨薄膜,适量钽掺杂的薄膜具有更宽的光谱调制范围和更高的着色效率,亦表现出良好的循环稳定性。     

静电纺Ag/WO3复合纳米纤维及其光催化性能

为了研究氧化钨(WO_3)和银/氧化钨(Ag/WO_3)纳米纤维光催化性能,利用静电纺丝技术制备了WO_3和Ag/WO_3复合纳米纤维。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis),对样品的物相结构、形貌大小和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等进行了表征。在可见光照射下,比较WO_3和Ag/WO_3纳米纤维光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的性能,结果表明,在90 min时,Ag/WO_3复合纤维光催化降解MB效率比WO_3纤维高1.3倍,从能带结构角度分析了Ag/WO_3复合纤维光催化效率增强的原理。     

Ti_(1-x)Fe_xO_2纳米粉末的制备及性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ti1-xFexO2胶体,然后放入高压反应釜中进行热处理,得到了一组Ti1-xFexO2纳米粉末样品。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对样品的结构进行表征。利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的磁性进行研究。利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)以罗丹明B溶液为目标降解物,考察了样品的光催化性能。研究发现,不同掺杂浓度的Ti1-xFexO2样品均为锐钛矿结构。Fe掺杂的样品表现出室温铁磁性,并且铁磁性来源于半导体本征磁性而不是来源于第二相。当掺杂浓度从0.0%增加到0.2%时,光催化活性增强。当掺杂浓度从0.2%增加到0.8%时,光催化活性下降。掺杂浓度为0.2%时光催化活性最好。     

镉掺杂氧化锌纳米花的制备及其光催化活性

以氯化锌、氯化镉、氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热法合成Cd掺杂纳米花状ZnO光催化剂,并通过该样品对罗丹明B水溶液的降解来研究其光催化活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、光致发光谱(PL)及紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等测试手段对材料物性进行表征。实验结果表明:当掺杂Cd2+时,样品形貌发生变化、粒径减小;掺杂Cd2+后的ZnO的吸收边和紫外峰对比于纯ZnO均发生红移,禁带宽度由3.24 eV减小到3.16 eV。通过光催化实验分析可知,掺杂后纳米ZnO光催化剂对罗丹明B水溶液的降解率有所提高,光照3 h其降解率高达98%,说明与纯ZnO相比,Cd掺杂ZnO纳米花具有更高的光催化活性。     

Er-Y共掺杂ZrO2的Raman光谱和Er3+的荧光光谱

采用柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法制备Er-Y共掺杂的具有单斜、四方和立方结构的ZrO2基复合氧化物．用XRD和Raman对复合氧化物结构和不同晶相环境中Er3+的荧光光谱进行了表征．结果表明，掺杂Er3+在三种不同晶相Y-ZrO2中表现出不同的荧光特征．随着基体ZrO2由单斜相逐渐向四方和立方相转变，其荧光谱峰位置对称性提高，峰分裂数减少，谱带逐步向单峰转变．在632.8 nm激发下的Raman图谱有Er3+的荧光干扰，在514.5 nm下则以荧光光谱为主体，不能获得Raman信号，在325 nm激发下无荧光干扰．XRD和紫外Raman二种方法对物相表征结果的差别是由于样品体相和表面不一致，表层容易生成比内层结构对称性更低的物相造成的．     

Cu2+掺杂ZnAl2 O4纳米颗粒的光学性能

采用水热法和热处理技术制备了不同掺杂比例的Zn_(1-x)Cu_xAl_2O_4(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)纳米颗粒,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射透射电子显微镜(FETEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、光致发光光谱(PL)和紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)对样品的晶体结构、形貌、元素分布、结合能和光学性能进行表征,并通过第一性原理计算得到了ZnAl_2O_4结构中存在的各种缺陷的能带结构。实验结果表明本方法制备的Zn_(1-x)Cu_xAl_2O_4纳米颗粒为尖晶石结构,XPS能谱说明Zn_(0.9)Cu_(0.10)Al_2O_4样品中Cu~(2+)全部占据了四面体位置,PL光谱显示Cu~(2+)掺杂的样品出现了猝灭现象,紫外光谱表明Cu~(2+)掺杂后样品出现了新的吸收峰。并结合第一性原理计算对样品的光学性质给出了合理解释。     

红色荧光粉Na_zCa_(1-x-2y-z)Bi_yMoO_4∶Eu_(x+y)~(3+)发光研究

采用高温固相法制备系列红色荧光粉NazCa1-x-2y-zBiyMoO4∶Eux3++y(y,z=0,x=0.24,0.26,0.30,0.34,0.38;x=0.30,y=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,z=0;x=0.30,y=0.04,z=0.38)。用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)法测试了所制样品晶相结构。采用荧光光谱仪对样品的发光性能进行了表征,结果表明:当Eu3+单掺杂量浓度x=0.30时,荧光粉(Ca0.70MoO4∶Eu03.+30)的发光强度最强;当Eu3+-Bi3+共掺杂量浓度y=0.03时,电荷迁移带(CTB)强度达到最强,而对于Eu3+特征发射峰,当共掺杂浓度y<0.03时,位于393 nm处的激发峰强度比464 nm强,共掺浓度y>0.03时,464 nm峰比393 nm峰强,共掺浓度为y=0.04时,393和464 nm处两峰位置强度都达到最强。作为电荷补尝剂的Na2CO3掺入上述荧光粉中后,荧光粉激发和发射强度明显地增强。结果表明,通过调节Bi3+/Eu3+掺杂比例可以改变位于近紫外光393 nm和蓝光区464 nm处激发光相对强度。     

Zn,Cu共掺杂的TiO_2:SnO_2薄膜的制备及性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制得Zn,Cu共掺杂的TiO_2∶SnO_2凝胶,旋转法于玻璃基底镀膜,制备出Zn,Cu共掺杂的TiO_2∶SnO_2薄膜,探讨了掺杂比例、煅烧温度对其结构、形貌和性能的影响。采用XRD、FTIR、FESEM、PL等测试技术对薄膜进行表征,并考察了其对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明:600℃时,薄膜粒子的结晶度较高,粒径小,分布均匀,表面平整且无明显裂痕;紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)表明:该薄膜在可见光区和紫外区都有很强的吸收;光催化性能测试表明:与纯相TiO_2对比,该样品对甲基橙的光催化降解率有较大提高,在最佳掺杂量比为n(Ti)∶n(Sn)∶n(Zn)∶n(Cu)=10∶3∶1∶1时,光催化降解率最高。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.