基于单光子探测及脉冲位置调制的激光通信关键技术研究

为了实现高灵敏度的空间激光通信,并提高传输信道的抗干扰能力,将单光子探测技术和脉冲位置调制技术相结合,采用门控电路与反馈淬灭电路相结合的方式淬灭单光子探测器雪崩,设计了插入帧头法用于脉冲位置调制解调。用现场可编程门阵列进行了脉冲位置调制解调过程的仿真,验证了插入帧头法的有效性与可行性。在此基础上搭建了1 550 nm的脉冲位置调制激光通信实验,同时测试了单光子探测器在不同参数下的性能。结果表明,当探测效率为25%,触发延时为8.00 ns,门宽为5.0 ns,死时间为0.1μs时,单光子探测器性能最佳。最后测试了不同调制速率下单光子探测器的探测灵敏度,结果表明,当通信码速率为1 Mbps时,通信灵敏度为-51.8 dBm;当通信码速率为4 Mbps时,通信灵敏度为-41.0 dBm,实现了高灵敏度的空间激光通信。     

基于相位调制本振的相干检测系统

提出了一种简化的相干检测系统,通过在时域上交替探测信号的同向(Ⅰ)及正交(Q)信息分量,实现了基于单个平衡光电探测器(BPD)的相位分集接收.仿真结果表明,25 Gbit/s的非归零信号经过25 km标准单模光纤传输时,在10-3误码率门限下,其接收灵敏度为 39.97 dBm.用Gram-Schmidt正交化过程算法对信号光与本振(LO)光之间频率偏移引起的I、Q分量失配角进行补偿,当频率偏移小于符号速率的1/5(±5 GHz)时,灵敏度代价约为3.2 dB.此外,当LO光功率较高时,用单PD取代BPD的灵敏度损失约为3 dB.本方案为实现低成本的相干检测提供了一种解决方法.     

用于火星电离层探测的星-星无线电掩星技术

火星和地球类似,周围束缚了不同密度的电离层.利用无线电掩星技术可以对火星电离层进行观测.星-地无线电掩星在探测精度和探测区域方面都受到一定的限制.中俄联合火星探测计划将于2011年10月一箭双星发射俄罗斯的Phobos-Grunt探测器和中国的萤火1号火星探测器.该计划将开展国际上首次火星电离层的星-星无线电掩星观测试验,重点是对星-地无线电掩星无法观测的正午和子夜区域的火星电离层进行探测.星-星无线电掩星观测试验采用双频工作模式,接收机灵敏度为-145dBm,相位测量精度优于5%周.在地面对接收机进行了动态模拟测试,测试得到的相位数据能很好地反演出火星电离层电子密度廓线.     

自由空间宽谱部分相干光通信系统

大气湍流对自由空间光通信系统所造成的影响是不可忽略的，为了减弱湍流对空间光通信系统带来的影响，实验搭建了一套通信距离为900 m的真实大气信道宽谱部分相干光通信系统。系统采用皮秒脉冲泵浦高非线性光纤产生超连续谱并滤波得到部分相干宽谱脉冲，对其调制后完成通信。在测试过程中，实验专门设置了一条参考链路，保证了测试环境的一致性。实验结果表明，在中等湍流条件下，系统光强闪烁指数为0.035 8，相比窄线宽通信系统提升了23%，最低探测灵敏度达到了-23.35 dBm，相比窄线宽通信系统提升了42%。与窄线宽激光通信系统相比，宽谱部分相干光通信系统可以明显降低湍流引起的光功率抖动，并提升自由空间光通信系统通信性能。     

基于I/Q解调原理的数字PAD研制

 I/Q解调器可以同时测量微波信号的相位和幅度。为了消除传统I/Q解调器的不平衡误差,根据I/Q解调原理,应用数字滤波器及Hilbert变换等数字信号处理方法实现了对微波信号的正交解调,可以精确测量任意包络形状微波信号的相位和幅度。测试表明,数字相位和幅度探测器的精度可达±0.5°,重复性误差小于0.2°,温度系数约为-0.1°/℃,相位测量的动态范围为-18~5 dBm,幅度测量的动态范围为-20~0 dBm,其各项指标都达到了BEPCⅡ直线加速器相控系统的要求。     

相干接收器可提高敏度极限

德国西门子中心研究实验室研制出一种适用于相干通信系统的平衡光接收组件,设计的接收器为欧洲高级通用方案的一部分。在实验室试验中,接收器组件的测量灵敏度达到了-59dBm,外差探测系统是在140Mbit/s速率下以频移键控制方式工作。该公司声称,此灵敏度刷了新理论极限仅为2.5dB的世界记录。     

多体制兼容相干探测卫星激光通信技术

卫星相干激光通信系统中,信号调制格式以相移键控(PSK)为主,未兼容开关键控(OOK)的相干接收。针对卫星相干光通信接收机不兼容多种调制格式的问题,实验搭建了兼容OOK以及二进制相移键控(BPSK)的相干通信接收装置。在1 Gbit/s的通信速率下,当调制格式为OOK且信号光功率为-54.6 dBm时,误码率(BER)为10^-3,接收灵敏度距离散粒噪声极限3.3 dB;当调制格式为BPSK且信号光功率为-57.95 dBm时,BER为10^-3,接收灵敏度距离散粒噪声极限4.2 dB。该多体制兼容相干接收机的结构与当前大多数相干接收机的硬件通用,且具有较高的接收灵敏度,证明了卫星相干激光通信多体制兼容技术的可行性,具有重要意义。     

双平衡式探测在激光测速仪中的应用研究

为了增大激光多普勒测速仪的测量距离,设计了基于马赫-曾德尔环形结构的双平衡式探测接收系统来提高灵敏度。基于平衡探测光电流的表达式,推导了平衡探测系统信噪比的表达式并对相关因素进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明:在相同光信号输入条件下,当两个探测器的量子效率比值在(0.236,1)之间时,平衡探测系统的信噪比高于普通相干探测系统的信噪比,并且当探测器量子效率相等时,信噪比最大。最后通过实验验证量子系数的比值对信噪比的影响。,     

星间高速相干激光通信系统中的光学锁相环技术

零差相干激光通信系统具有高速率及远距离传输的特性,在星间高速激光通信骨干网中占有重要地位。分析了光学锁相环的工作原理并建立了相应的数学模型,得到了光学锁相环的开环及闭环传递函数,推导了误差传递函数,分析了环路带宽的影响因素。分析了锁相环路中的相位噪声误差,建立了误差因素、探测灵敏度以及环路带宽之间的关系。分析得到锁相环的优化带宽为1.5 MHz,测试了接收机的误码率。当通信速率为5Gbit/s、调制方式为二进制相移键控时,得到接收机的接收灵敏度为-41.4dBm,误码率为10-7。     

宽光谱高比探测率有机光电探测器

为实现有机光电探测器对三基色(红、绿、蓝)的全响应以及器件性能的改善,研究了在聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)∶[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯(PC61BM)活性层中,掺入窄带隙材料(4,8-双-(2-乙基己氧基)-苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b′]二噻吩)-(4-氟代噻并[3,4-b]噻吩)(PBDT-TT-F)实现光谱拓宽以及通过提高阳极修饰层电子注入势垒来降低暗电流,改善探测器性能的方法,研究了PBDT-TT-F掺杂浓度以及修饰层厚度对探测器光电学性能的影响规律.在此基础上,获得了一个覆盖400~750nm波长范围的探测器,并且在低偏压-1V下三基色的线性动态范围和比探测率分别达到了81、80、81dB和2.7×1012、2.0×1012、2.6×1012 Jones.结果表明:在保持原有二相体异质结薄膜的微观形貌和电学特性前提下,掺入13wt.%少量光谱拓宽材料可实现活性层的光谱拓宽.采用合适厚度的三氧化钼(MoO3)层替换原有的聚乙撑二氧噻吩-聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PEDOT∶PSS)阳极修饰层,可使探测器的三基色线性动态范围和比探测率大幅提高.该研究为研发宽光谱高探测率三基色有机光电探测器提供了一种新思路.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.