有机酸对非子型表面活性剂浊点的影响

有机酸对非离子表面活性剂ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００浊点的影响与酸的亲水性能、空间效应及其在胶束中的增溶位置有关。直链一元酸的加入均使浊点下降，且酸的碳链越长影响越大。直链二元酸对ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００浊点下降的影响小于直链一元酸，且碳原子数ｎｃ〈６时，使得浊点略有升高；ｎｃ≥６时，使得浊点下降。由于空间位阻作用，支链酸和取代酸使Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００浊点降低幅度较小。     

醇对非离子型表面活性剂浊点的影响

研究了醇对非离子型表面活性剂浊点的影响，发现直链醇的碳原子数小于４时随着其在表面活性剂中含量的增加浊点上升；当碳原子数大于４时，则随着醇含量的增加浊点下降。醇的构型对浊点起着重要作用。     

浊点萃取-分光光度法测定自来水及酒类样品中的痕量铁

利用非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100在温度高于其浊点时形成相分离行为,建立了浊点萃取-分光光度法测定痕量铁的新方法,探讨优化了以KSCN为显色剂,TritonX-100浊点萃取富集痕量铁的实验条件.研究发现:加入正辛醇可使TritonX-100的浊点降低约30℃,有利于萃取实验的进行;同时,加入的正辛醇与TritonX-100对痕量铁起到了协同萃取作用.在优化了的实验条件下,进行了痕量铁的分析,检出限为0.02mg·L-1,加标回收率为97.4%～101.6%,应用于自来水及酒类样品中痕量铁的测定,结果满意.     

室温离子液体协同增敏浊点萃取分光光度法测定痕量镉

本文建立了离子液体协同增敏浊点萃取-紫外可见分光光度法测定痕量镉的方法。离子液体和二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)分别用作增敏剂和络合剂,离子液体的加入能使测定镉的方法灵敏度提高3.2倍。非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100用作提取剂,当样品体系的温度高于TritonX-100的浊点温度时,镉与DDCT形成的络合物被萃取到TritonX-100中,经相分离紫外可见分光光度计检测。考查了离子液体,DDTC和TritonX-100的浓度、溶液酸度、干扰离子等实验条件对浊点萃取效率的影响。在最优化的实验条件下,测量镉的线性范围为1～100 ng·mL-1,方法的检出限为0.1 ng·mL-1,相对标准偏差RSD为4.3%,富集系数为96。该方法应用于测定于水样中的痕量镉具有满意的效果。     

浊点萃取-荧光光度法测定苯酚

基于非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100,以浊点萃取结合荧光光度法测定水中的苯酚,考察影响浊点萃取的各种因素。最佳实验条件为：pH=3.0的磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液中,5%的TritonX-100用量2.0mL、平衡温度82℃、平衡时间8min。在此条件下,苯酚被萃取到TritonX-100表面活性剂相与水相分开。     

表面活性剂对海藻酸钠稀水溶液剪切粘度的影响

通过粘度法考察了不同pH值时, 阴离子聚电解质海藻酸钠(NaAlg)与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TritonX-100)以及它们的复配体系的相互作用. 研究表明, 在酸性条件下, SDS和TritonX-100与NaAlg之间主要是疏水作用, 随着表面活性剂浓度的增加, 体系粘度下降直到基本不变, CTAB与NaAlg主要发生静电作用和疏水作用, 体系粘度随CTAB浓度的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势. 在实验条件下, TritonX-100浓度为0.05 mmol·L-1时, SDS的加入, 使得NaAlg/TritonX-100体系的零剪切粘度下降, 而CTAB的加入, 在pH=3.0和5.0时, NaAlg/TritonX-100体系的零剪切粘度出现上升, 在pH=6.4时, 该体系零剪切粘度下降.     

浊点萃取-分光光度法测定痕量NO2-

建立了浊点萃取-分光光度法测定痕量NO2-根的方法.以对氨基苯磺酸和α-萘胺为络合剂,非离子型表面活性剂TritonX-100为萃取剂,富集、分离水样中痕量NO2-,采用可见吸收光谱法进行检测.研究了溶液的酸度、试剂用量、平衡时间、平衡温度、干扰离子对浊点萃取效果的影响,并得到最佳实验条件:5％的TritonX-100用量2.0mL、平衡温度85℃、平衡时间10min、对氨基苯磺酸和α-萘胺均为0.3mL、0.1mol/LH2SO4溶液0.5mL.在最佳实验条件下,对氨基苯磺酸、α-萘胺和NO2-生成的络合物被萃取到TritonX-100表面活性剂相并与水相分开.该方法适用于环境水样中痕量NO2-的测定.     

钴-4-(5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯-Triton X-100体系的析相富集及痕量钴的光度测定

本文研究了TritonX-100在浊点条件下对钴-4-(5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯(5-Cl-PADAB)络合物的析相条件,在pH4.0～6.0介质中,将胶束溶液加热到92±1℃,保持40min,络合物即被TritonX-100相富集。富集液在575nm测定吸光度,钴含量在0～4μg/5ml范围内服从比尔定律,干扰离子可在TritonX-100析相液中加入H_2SO_4消除。拟定的方法灵敏、简捷,已用于不经分离直接测定人发及自来水中痕量钴。     

浊点萃取-热喷雾火焰炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量锌(Ⅱ)

建立了以吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)为络合剂、TritonX-100为表面活性剂的浊点萃取-热喷雾火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量锌的方法.考查了APDC的浓度、溶液酸度、表面活性剂浓度、加热时间、水浴温度、干扰离子等实验条件对浊点萃取效率的影响.在最优化的实验条件下.方法的检出限为0.1 ng/mL,RsD为4...     

直链醇对木质素磺酸钠的聚集态和吸附特性的影响

揭示了直链醇对木质素磺酸盐(简称木钠,SL)表面物化性能的增效机理.采用zeta电位仪、激光粒度仪和透射电镜(TEM)等表征方法研究了直链醇对木钠聚集态的影响,采用静电组装技术、原子力显微镜和频率-耗散联用型石英晶体微天平(QCM)等进一步研究了不同碳链长度的直链醇对木钠吸附特性的影响.结果表明,直链醇通过与木钠聚集体相互作用,促使包裹在木钠内部的羧基不断裸露出来,增加其在水溶液中的负电性,降低木钠在水溶液中的聚集程度,碳原子数较大的醇类效果更明显.直链醇使木钠在固体表面吸附膜的吸附构型由刚性、致密逐渐转变为松散、伸展.单纯木钠的吸附构型是以阳离子-π作用力为主的mushroom型,直链醇则使其转变为以静电作用力为主的高分子刷,从而显著增加木钠在固体表面上的吸附量且使吸附膜更均匀和光滑.     

多极性基有机添加物对非离子表面活性剂溶液雾点的影响

测定了甲酸、乙酸、草酸、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇和葡萄糖对非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100和Triton X-114水溶液雾点的影响。低级脂肪酸和醇能使雾点升高, 升高的程度随酸或醇的碳氢链的增长而增加。但若在增加分子碳氢链长或碳氢部分的同时引入更多的羧基或羟基, 则雾点升高的效应将受到抑制。当极性基数目较多时, 可导致雾点显著下降。     

Phase separation in non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 solutions in the presence of phenol

The influence of concentration conditions and acidity on the phase separation in non-ionic surfactants Triton X-100 solutions in the presence of phenol was investigated. It was shown that the addition of small amounts of phenol results in the decrease of the cloud point temperature of Triton X-100 solutions. On the other hand, the addition of phenol into the investigated system resulted in the decrease of the hydration values of surfactant-rich phases and the increase of their hydrophobicity. The extraction degree and distribution coefficient of phenol between the water and the surfactant-rich phases were studied. On the basis of data obtained the molar parts of water, phenol and Triton X-100 in the non-ionic surfactant-rich phases formed at different concentration conditions were calculated. Possibilities of the application of phenol-induced micellar extraction for microcomponents preconcentration were estimated.     

非离子表面活性剂的雾点研究-电解质的影响

研究了１－１型钠盐对五种非 离子表面活性剂水溶液雾点的影响，有九种钠盐使雾点下降，下降的依次是ＩＯ＾－３＞ＯＨ＾－＞Ｆ＾－＞ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ＾－＞ＢｒＯ＾－３＜＞Ｃｌ＾－＞Ｂｒ＾＿＞ＣｌＯ３＾－≥ＮＯ＾－３；有三种钠盐使雾点升高，升高的效率依次是ＣＮＳ＾－＞ＣｌＯ＾－＞Ｉ＾－。     

Clouding and phase behavior of nonionic surfactants in hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose solutions

Clouding phenomena and phase behaviors of two nonionic surfactants, Triton X-114 and Triton X-100, in the presence of either hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or its hydrophobically modified counterpart (HMHEC) were experimentally studied. Compared with HEC, HMHEC was found to have a stronger effect on lowering the cloud point temperature of a nonionic surfactant at low concentrations. The difference in clouding behavior can be attributed to different kinds of molecular interactions. Depletion flocculation is the underlying mechanism in the case of HEC, while the chain-bridging effect is responsible for the large decrease of cloud point for HMHEC. Composition analyses for the formed macroscopic phases were carried out to provide support for associative phase separation for the case of HMHEC, in contrast to segregative phase separation for HEC. An interesting three-phase-separation phenomenon was reported in some HMHEC/Triton X-100 mixtures at high surfactant concentrations.     

Study on cloud points of Triton X-100-cationic gemini surfactants mixtures: A spectroscopic approach

This study investigates the effects of various cationic surfactants on the cloud point (CP) of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) in aqueous solutions. Instead of visual observation, a spectrophotometer was used for measurement of the cloud point temperatures. The values of CPs for Triton X-100 can be measured directly because TX-100 has an average number of oxyethylene units per molecule of p ≈ 9.5 and a CP = 66.0 °C. Quaternary ammonium dimeric surfactants (m-s-m, m = 10, 12, and 16, and s = 2, 6, and 10) were synthesized and used. The melting temperature T_M and the Krafft temperature T_K were measured for 1 wt% aqueous solutions of these synthesized surfactants. The melting temperature of the solid gemini surfactants increased with the carbon number of the alkyl chain. The results showed that additions of the gemini surfactants (which are infinitely miscible with water) to Triton X-100 increased the cloud point of the TX-100 solutions. All salts tested in these studies had a large effect on the CPs of nonionic surfactants due to their effect on water structure and their hydrophilicity. The effect of the alkyl chain length of the gemini surfactant on the CP of Triton X-100 is therefore more important than the spacer chain length.     

The Micellization and Clouding of Nonionic Surfactant,Poly(Ethylene Glycol) t-Octylphenyl Ether (Triton X-100): Effect of Halide Ions of (Sodium Salt) Electrolytes

In this investigation, the micellization and the clouding phenomena of a nonionic surfactant, poly(ethylene glycol) t-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) in the absence and presence of halide ions (sodium salt) electrolytes has been reported. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Triton X-100 (in the absence and presence of electrolytes) was measured by surface tension measurements. A decreasing trend of CMC was found with increasing the temperature as well as the concentration of electrolyte. The effectiveness of the halide ions was found in the order: F^? > Cl^? > Br^? > I^?. The surface properties of Triton X-100 were evaluated. The thermodynamic parameters of the micellar systems of Triton X-100 were evaluated and from these thermodynamics data, it was found that in the presence of electrolyte the stability of the micellar system is more. The cloud points (CPs) of Triton X-100 were also measured in the absence and presence of halide ions of electrolytes. With the addition of halide ions of sodium salt (electrolyte), a decrease in CP values was observed and the order was found to be: F^? > Cl^? > Br^? > I^?.     

Clouding behavior of nonionic–cationic and nonionic–anionic mixed surfactant systems in presence of carboxylic acids and their sodium salts

The study is focused on evaluation of clouding phenomena of the aqueous single nonionic surfactant system Triton X-100 (TX-100) and its mixed systems with anionic aerosol-OT (AOT) and cationic dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPC) in presence of hydrophobic ions furnished by sodium salts of carboxylic acids, viz., sodium ethanoate, sodium propanoate, sodium butanoate, and sodium hexanoate and the respective carboxylic acids [ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, and hexanoic acid]. The influence of salts on the cloud point (CP) has been explained on the basis of salt effect as well as the solubilization of higher alkyl chain hydrophobic ions furnished by these salts. Moreover, the co- and counterion effect has been taken into account to explain the variation of the CP in the mixed systems. However, the effect of acids on CP has been explained in the light of their aqueous solubility and their partitioning ability between octanol and water as reflected by their K _OW values.     

Influence of pH on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by a splittable surfactant

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pH on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by a commercial splittable surfactant Triton SP-190 by comparison with the results obtained by a common surfactant Triton X-100. The emulsion stability was explored by measuring the volume of oil phase separated and the size of the dispersed droplets. It was found that the addition of inorganic acids did not significantly affect the stability of emulsions stabilized by Triton X-100, but had a profound influence on the stability of emulsions stabilized by Triton SP-190. Moreover, the droplet size of a Triton X-100-stabilized emulsion and its dynamic interfacial activity were insensitive to acids. However, at lower pH the droplet size of the emulsions stabilized by Triton SP-190 was considerably increased. From the dynamic interfacial tension measurements the dynamic interfacial activity of Triton SP-190 at the oil/water interface was found to be strongly inhibited by the addition of acids, resulting in a slower decreasing rate of dynamic interfacial tension. The results demonstrate that the dramatic destabilization of Triton SP-190-stabilized emulsions could be realized by the use of acids, which evidently changed the interfacial properties of the surfactant and resulted in a higher coalescence rate of oil droplets.     

The Micellization and Clouding Phenomena of a Nonionic Surfactant,Poly(ethylene glycol) t-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100): Effect of (Chloride Salt) Electrolytes

Herein, we report the micellization and the clouding of a nonionic surfactant, poly(ethylene glycol) t-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100), in aqueous solutions in the absence and presence of (chloride salt) electrolytes. In the absence and presence of electrolytes, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Triton X-100 was measured by surface tension measurements. Upon increasing the temperature as well as the concentration of electrolytes, the CMCs decreased. The surface properties and the thermodynamic parameters of the micellar systems were evaluated. From these evaluated thermodynamic parameters, it was found that in the presence of an electrolyte, the stability of the micellar system is high. The cloud points (CPs) of Triton X-100 were also measured in the absence and presence of metallic ions of electrolytes. Upon the addition of metallic ions of chloride salts (electrolytes), the decrease in CP values was observed and the order was found to be: K⁺ > Na⁺ > Li⁺ > NH⁺₄.