锡基巴氏合金磨损表面的分形与磨损率

利用结构函数分析法研究了滑动摩擦学系统中金属磨损表面轮廓线的分形特性。结果表明：磨损表面轮廓线在小于Ｓｍ的尺度上具有分形结构。采用结构函数法可以方便地确定粗糙表面轮廓线的分形参数，即垂直于滑动方向上磨损表面轮廓线的分维Ｄ可作为磨损表面分维的特征值，它与金属磨损率的变化有着密切的关系，最佳分维Ｄｏｐｔ值对应于材料的最低磨损率。     

On star product fractal surfaces and their dimensions

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The inertial fractal set for weakly damped forced korteweg-de-vries equation

ＴＨＥＩＮＥＲＴＩＡＬＦＲＡＣＴＡＬＳＥＴＦＯＲＷＥＡＫＬＹＤＡＭＰＥＤＦＯＲＣＥＤＫＯＲＴＥＷＥＧ－ＤＥ－ＶＲＩＥＳＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＤａｉＺｈｅｎｇ－ｄｅ（戴正德）（ＩｎｓｔｉｌｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ,ＹｕｎｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉ...     

分形理论在煤层气非平衡吸附模型中的应用

传统的煤层气动力学模型均是建立在欧几里得几何基础上的,难以描述煤层孔隙结构的复杂性及形状的不规则性。本文以分形理论为基础,通过引入分形维数来刻画煤层孔隙结构的复杂性并考虑煤层的吸附特性、双重介质特征及介质的变形,建立基于Fick第二定律的分形介质煤层气非稳态渗流数学模型。由于流动方程的强非线性,结合各类边界条件用正则摄动法和Laplace变换得到模型在拉氏空间上的近似解析解,再利用Laplace数值反演求得实空间上的数值解。对参数进行敏感性分析并绘制了典型压力曲线,这些结果为煤层气开采提供了理论依据和试井方法。     

基于分形理论的煤层气非达西流动分析

在考虑了煤层的分形特征和启动压力梯度影响的基础上,建立了无限大煤层中气体低速非达西流动的数学模型,并求得了量纲为一的井底压力的Laplace空间解析解,并根据数值求解结果绘制了典型的井底压力动态曲线。研究结果表明:在定产量生产的情况下,分形维数和量纲为一的启动压力梯度对早期井底压力动态无显著影响;在生产的中后期,由于受二者的影响,压力导数曲线上的径向流水平直线段消失;量纲为一的井储系数的影响主要表现在续流阶段,而吸附系数则主要影响煤基质向裂隙扩散的过渡阶段。     

粗糙表面的分形特征与分形表达研究

得用触针轮廓仪和数据采集系统对磨削和车削表面的粗糙轮廓曲线进行了测量，并就粗糙表面的分形特征作了分析与讨论，同时还提出了粗糙表面的特征粗糙度概念及其定义，并将其用表面粗糙度水平的表述。     

The fractal research and predicating on the times series of sunspot relative number

In this paper, with the theory of nonlinear dynamic systems, It is analyzed that the dynamic behavior and the predictabilityfor the monthly mean variationsof the sunspot relative number recorded from January 1891 to December 1996. Inthe progress, the fractal dimension (D=3. 3±0.2) for the variation process wascomputed. This helped us to determine the embedded dimension [2×D+1]=7.By computing the Lyapunov index (λ₁=0.863), it was indicated that the variationprocess is a chaotic system. The Kolmogorov entropy (K=0.0260) was also computed, which provides, theoretically, the predicable time scale. And at the end, according to the result of the analysis above, an experimental predication is made,whose data was a part cut from the sample data.     

The fractal statistics of liquid slug lengths

A rescaled range (R/S) analysis is presented of gas-liquid and gas-liquid-liquid slug length data from two extremely different pipeline systems with i.d. = 32 and 189 mm and length-to-diameter ratios of about 800 and 2000, respectively. The results indicate that slug lengths in horizontal pipe flow obey fractal statistics. The R/S analysis of 30–250 slugs for each experiment shows that the length spectrum satisfies Hurst's law with a Hurst exponent in the range 0.53–0.76, linearly dependent on the total superficial velocity. Conversely, if the Hurst exponent and average slug length with standard deviation are given, slug length spectra may be obtained in good agreement with experimental data.     

磨损表面形貌的三维分形维数计算

基于分形理论和磨损表面扫描电子显微分析，采用盒子维方法计算了磨损表面的三维分形维数．结果表明，在计算尺度范围内，采用与尺度无关的分形维数表征磨损表面形貌特征是可行的；实际磨损表面的三维分形维数同其表面粗糙度密切相关，表面粗糙度越大，分形维数越大；同表面粗糙度相比，分形维数计算值较稳定.     

Capillary fingering: Percolation and fractal dimension

We present experimental and theoretical results concerning immiscible displacements (drainage) in 2-dimensional permeable media. When capillary forces are predominant, the injected fluid presents very thin fingers and the Representative Elementary Volume concept cannot be used for describing the partial saturations. The purpose of this paper is to show how this classical concept can be replaced by a statistical approach based on fractal geometry.Communication presented at the International Symposium on the Stochastic Approach to Subsurface Flow, Montvillargenne 4–7 June 1985.     

基于分维理论的爆炸焊接界面形貌的定量表征

以爆炸焊接界面形貌为研究对象,利用分形理论研究其界面特征。运用三维超景深显微镜获得界面形貌图像,利用Matlab图像分析技术对界面形貌进行二值化处理,基于分形理论计算图像分维值以及多重分维谱。由分维值及多重分形谱的物理意义可知,轮廓分维值是对界面不规则程度宏观度量,而多重分形谱能定量表征界面的起伏程度及高度分布。因而,通过对界面结构进行分形几何分析,可实现界面形貌定量表征,弥补当前定性分析的不足。     

基于分形理论的高强混凝土动态损伤本构关系

基于高强混凝土（HSC）试块在SHPB冲击实验中的分形损伤演化规律,推导了HSC的分形损伤变量表达式,标定了HSC裂纹的分形维数范围。然后参考ZWT模型,并结合HSC实验过程中的应变率相关性、动态损伤特性及近似恒应变率,推导了分形损伤演化的HSC动态损伤本构方程。采用4组应变率工况下的C60、C80混凝土应力-应变曲线对本构方程进行验证,理论曲线和实验曲线吻合较好。

     

接触式机械密封端面经济加工分形维数

考虑端面形貌对机械密封性能和加工成本的影响,运用分形理论分析了端面分形参数与泄漏率之间的关系,提出了密封端面经济加工分形维数概念.针对GY-70型机械密封进行了密封性能试验和端面形貌参数测量,发现随着运行时间的推移,密封端面分形维数增大速率逐渐减小,泄漏率降低速率逐渐减小.当t为130 h时,泄漏率Q达到允许值5×10-6m3/h,D=1.645.结果表明:基于允许泄漏率的机械密封,具有一定的经济加工分形维数.合理设计密封端面分形维数可以避免盲目提高加工精度,缩短机械密封的磨合时间,实现初始密封.     

油润滑下钢严重磨损表面的分形特征

本文在ＭＨＫ－５００型环－块试验机上于２０号内燃机油润滑下对４５＾＃钢（炉冷）、４５＾＃（水淬）、ＧＣｒ１５钢和Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢进行了滑动磨损试验，得到了表征这４种钢试样由轻微磨损向严重磨损转变的Ｐ（临界载荷）－Ｖ（临界滑动速度）曲线。对严重磨损表面进行扫描电子显微镜观测的结果表明，在一定的标度范围内其表现裂纹具有分裂特征。在给定的试验条件下，利用Ｓａｎｄｂｏｘ法测量出上述４种钢严重磨损表面裂纹的     

Fractals — An overview of potential applications to transport in porous media

We present an overview of the potential applicability of fractal concepts to various aspects of transport phenomena in heterogeneous porous media. Three examples of phenomena where a fractal approach should prove illuminating are presented. In the first example we consider pore level heterogeneities as typified by pore surface roughness. We suggest that roughness may be usefully modelled by fractal curves and surfaces and also cite experimental evidence for regarding pores as fractals. In the second example we consider a fractal network approach to modelling large-scale heterogeneities. The presence of features on all length scales in simple fractal models should capture the essential role played by the presence of heterogeneities on many scales in natural reservoirs. Studies of transport phenomena in such models may yield valuable insights into the problems of macroscopic dispersion. The final example concerns dispersion in multiphase flow. Here the fractal character is attributed to the distribution of the fluid phases rather than the porous medium itself. Again studies of transport phenomena in simple fractal models should help to clarify various problems associated with the corresponding phenomena in real reservoirs.     

粗糙表面分维计算的立方体覆盖法

针对三角形棱柱表面积法和投影覆盖法在计算粗糙表面分形维数中存在的问题,提出了计算粗糙表面分维的立方体覆盖法,对计算结果进行了对比分析,并进一步对表面分维计算中的有关理论问题进行了分析,发现立方体覆盖法作为一种几何意义上的覆盖法,并计算结果比三角形棱柱表面积法和投影覆盖法更接近实际。     

Evaluation of fractal dimension of soft terrain surface

By using a laser profiler, the roughness of sowed and plowed surfaces was obtained. Through evaluation of the precision of fractal dimensions based on the Weierstrass–Mandelbort (W–M) function, we found the rescaled (R/S) analysis method and the structure spectral method were not suitable for the calculation of the fractal dimension on a soft terrain surface. Therefore, the fractal dimension, non-scale range and correlation coefficient for each kind of terrain were analyzed using the following fractal computational methods – (i) variate-difference method, (ii) power spectral density method, and (iii) root mean square method. The results showed that: fractal dimension of plowed terrain was large with small fluctuations, while its internal structure was complex. The power spectral density method was not robust enough to compute the fractal dimension of a soft terrain surface. The fractal dimension computed using the root mean square method was found to be more accurate for the soft terrain surface. Moreover, the correlation coefficient of linear regression when using the root mean square method was good and the range of non-scale variation was small.     

爆破地震信号的分形盒维数值分析

在岩石场地进行了单段深孔爆破试验,获得了具有该场地特征的爆破地震波传播规律。从理论上推导了爆破地震波振动强度衰减系数K和与分形盒维数D以及盒维数计算中-lg(k) lgNk的双对数拟合直线方程参数b的关系。采用了适用于爆破地震波曲线双尺度特征的矩形盒模型计算了爆破地震波的盒维数D。数据分析表明:在同一场地条件下,爆破地震波的盒维数比较稳定,且爆破地震波振动强度的场地衰减指数与D为两倍的关系;药量和距离对盒维数拟合直线方程参数b的影响明显,且其关系与场地衰减指数对爆破地震波峰值强度的作用相近。通过数据分析,获得了参数b与爆破地震波振动峰值A的关系式:b=0.689lgA+3.0669,其相关系数为0.93。     

表面轮廓分形维数计算方法的研究

阐述了表面轮廓分形和分形曲线的基本概念，对目前常用于表面轮廓分形维数的４种计算方法的基本思路作了评介，指出这些方法的计算结果都存在一定的偏差，对选择不同计算尺度得到的分形维数表现出较大的不稳定性，致使分形维数难以准确地反映表面轮廓的真实复杂特征．根据表面轮廓的均方差与区间尺度成比例的性质，提出了表面轮廓分形维数计算的协方差加权法．通过与Ｗｅｉｅｒｓｔｒａｓｓ－Ｍａｎｄｅｌｂｒｏｔ分形函数曲线的分形维数计算的比较，协方差加权法所得表面轮廓分形维数的稳定性良好，计算结果的准确性也明显提高，可以简化表面形貌的识别过程，为摩擦学研究中更准确地描述粗糙表面的复杂特征提供了一种简便适用的新方法．