厚钣金件压弯翻边与回弹的数值研究

在独立研制的板材冲压成形性分析软件KMAS中，组入可有效模拟厚钣金件压弯成形与回弹变形的三维退化曲壳单元模型，简述了考虑凹，凸模间隔可变的基于有限元网格双面接触算法以及回弹的处理技术，数值研究了铁路客车牵引架厚钣金件压弯翻边与回弹变形过程，并将压弯过程模拟结果与国外基于单面接触算法的商品化软件的模拟结果以有实验结果进行比较，最后，给出了该类问题回弹量的预示方法。     

板材三维曲面翻边的逆成形预示与修边线确定

基于全量塑性理论和考虑任意形状压料面影响的一步成形有限元逆算法,提出一 种板材三维曲面翻边成形和三维修边线的快速模拟方法,能够真实模拟三维翻边过程,进而 高精度地确定翻边高度和修边线轮廓形状. 收缩和伸长两种典型的翻边成形模拟结果与基于 增量塑性理论的有限元正算法比较,表明了该方法的有效性和高效率.     

改进的速度迭代弹塑性大变形动力半显式算法

提出了基于速度迭代的弹塑性大变形动力半显式算法，并且在此基础上采用拟弯曲膜单元，结合有模卸载方式数值模拟了U形弯曲以及S形导轨回弹过程，着重比较了动力半显式算法与动力显式算法和实验的回弹结果．给出了动力半显式算法的迭代格式和收敛标准．     

延性单晶非均匀变形的三维有限元模拟

对延性单晶在拉伸载荷作用下的应变局域化和颈缩等非均匀变形过程进行了三维有限元数值模拟。将相关晶体塑性本构模型及一种新的数值积分方法补充到ABAQUS6.1商用有限元软件中。该方法的特点是，利用晶体塑性的动力学方程，获得一个关于晶体弹性变形梯度的演化方程，采用半隐式积分方案进行求解。本文推导出一种新的应力变本构矩阵。按此方式更新本构矩阵，计算速度和计算稳定性大大提高。加载方式，边界条件和变形程度等因素影响着滑移系的启动状况，这是平面模型所不能预测的。本文利用三维有限元方法模拟了不同取向下滑移系的启动状况，全面地考虑了FCC单晶材料12个可能滑移系在变形过程中的启动状况，合理地模拟了FCC面心立方单晶沿不同取向加载时晶轴旋转导致的应变局域化和颈缩等非均匀变形过程。     

降落伞膜索非线性有限元模拟

用膜单元和索单元模拟降落伞织物绳索系统,基于完全拉格朗日格式的非线性有限元方法编程计算降落伞的结构动力学特性。采用增量与迭代混合方法改善非线性计算的收敛特性并结合HHT隐式时间推进方法减小整体迭代计算量。使用修正应力应变张量导数的方法模拟膜单元单向应力状态并针对膜单元和索单元分别进行了非线性有限元计算验证。最后针对C-9型降落伞建立三维有限元模型,根据设定流速对伞衣施加均匀压强载荷,将模拟展开的结果与使用相同模型、不同方法商业软件的文献进行对比,显示了隐式非线性有限元方法模拟降落伞膜索系统大变形动力学的能力。     

Time integration of a model for martensite detwinning and reorientation under nonproportional loading using Lagrange multipliers

The paper presents a consistent integration scheme for a model of shape memory alloys that takes into account the processes of detwinning and reorientation of martensite. Lagrange multipliers are used to account for the saturation condition on the martensitic phase, which expresses the requirement on the inelastic deformation of martensite not to exceed a material-specific value. A detailed procedure for implicit time integration of the constitutive equations is given, including a comprehensive derivation of a closed-form expression for the consistent tangent moduli. The equations are implemented into a commercial finite element software, which is used to simulate the response of martensitic SMA structures to complex loading. The results are shown to agree with experimental data taken from the literature.     

板材冲压翻边的解析理论模型

基于全量塑性理论及膜应变假设,给出两种新的冲压板材内曲拉伸／外曲收缩翻边坯料尺寸预示解析数学模型。引入板材冲压成形性分析软件KMAS系统中,对铁路客车牵引架实际冲压件的翻边成形坯料尺寸进行了预示,并与其它解析模型的预示结果以及实验及实测数据进行了对比。讨论了板材的面内各向异性对翻边高度的影响。     

A stochastic model for the temporal aspects of flow intermittency in micropillar compression

Systematic experimental investigations have demonstrated that the plastic deformation of micropillar proceeds through a sequence of intermittent bursts, the sizes of which follow power-law statistics. In this study, a stochastic model based on the power-law distribution of burst size is formulated in the framework of crystal plasticity in order to investigate the temporal aspects of flow intermittency in micropillar compression. A Monte Carlo simulation scheme is developed to determine the burst size when a burst activity is captured. This burst size is considered as the displacement boundary condition of burst deformation. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the model is performed and its predictions are validated by comparison with results from both micro-compression experiments and simulation tests of bulk crystals using the classic crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). The model provides a reasonable prediction of stress–strain responses both at the macroscopic and microscopic scales. Finally, the capability of this model is shown with applications to the intermittent plastic deformation in micropillar compressions, in particular for their burst time durations and burst velocities. The results from such stochastic finite element analysis are shown to be consistent with earlier experimental findings and results of mean-field theory.     

A finite element analysis of the flange earrings of strong anisotropic sheet metals in deep-drawing processes

Flange earrings of strong anisotropic sheet metals in deep-drawing process are numerically analyzed by the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation based on a discrete Kirchhoff triangle plate shell element model. A Barlat-Lian anisotropic yield function and a quasi-flow corner theory are used in the present formulation. The numerical results are compared with the experimental ones of cylindrical cup drawing process. The focus of the present researches is on the numerical analysis and the constraining scheme of the flange earring of circular sheets with strong anisotropy in square cup drawing process. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19832020) and Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jilin, China (200000519)     

岔管结构的图形有限元分析

本文介绍微机辅助水电站岔管结构分析的理论体系及相应的软件系统的结构与特点。该系统由前处理、有限元分析和后处理三部分组成。前处理利用无限变换法或直接法自动生成分级网格和有限元分析属性数据,亦可形成有限元分析的输入文件和有关后处理文件。有限元分析选用精密度高的正交曲线坐标系下的等参曲壳单元,以罚单元解决相贯线处的位移协调;利用只承受压缩变形的压簧元可计及围岩的弹性抗力作用;且具有基于局部重设计(重分析)的再起动功能。后处理以直观的图形方式表示有限元分析的结果,从而实现了有关数据的图形检查和图形分析。     

板材多点成形过程的有限元分析

多点成形过程采用静力隐式格式进行数值模拟是比较合适的。本文建立了用于多点成形过程分析的静力隐式弹塑性大变形有限元方法 ,给出了对稳定迭代收敛过程效果较好的板壳有限单元模型、处理多点不连续接触边界的接触单元方法以及增量变形过程中应力及塑性应变计算的多步回映计算方法。基于这些方法编制了计算软件 ,应用该软件进行了矩形板的液压胀形过程及球形模具拉伸成形过程的有限元分析 ,数值计算结果与典型的实验结果及计算结果吻合很好。最后给出了球形、圆柱形目标形状的实际多点成形过程的数值模拟结果。     

脊柱L3-L5段机械模型的力学特性分析

借助计算机辅助设计软件SolidEdge,根据人体解剖学数据建立了人体脊柱L3-L5段近似三维几何模型,并利用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行赋值,模拟了脊柱L3-L5段的结构特性、材料特性、接触特性。将椎骨划分为皮质骨、松质骨等结构,用接触连接的方法模拟了椎骨与椎间盘之间、小关节之间的连接情况,采用实体单元Solid187对其进行网格划分。对该三维有限元模型进行加载分析,得到其在200N轴向力作用下和100N侧向力作用下的应力和变形数据,该数据可以为脊柱生物力学的研究和侧凸脊柱的病因及矫正提供一定的参考依据。     

索网天线的参变量变分及非线性有限元方法

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.      

THE PARAMETRIC VARATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF ASTROMESH ANTENNA STRUCTURES

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.     

新型负刚度吸能结构力学特性分析

负刚度结构作为一种具有广泛应用前景的力学超材料, 在吸能、减振及降噪等领域呈现出显著的优势, 但传统负刚度结构较低的比能吸收效率以及多稳态非自主回弹等特征, 严重限制了其工程应用. 为解决该问题, 通过单胞构型设计, 提出了一种新型可自主回弹的三维负刚度结构. 该结构利用串联的负刚度单胞在加载?卸载过程中, 曲梁胞元的自主反弹, 实现结构循环加载和多次重复利用; 通过凹槽深度设计抑制单胞多稳态的出现, 并且通过调整侧壁厚度, 控制曲梁屈曲模态的形式, 从而增大负刚度临界载荷差值, 实现吸能效率的显著提升. 随后为实现在复杂载荷环境下的高吸能, 对结构尺寸进行梯度设计, 提出了一种梯度负刚度结构, 利用有限元方法比较分析梯度负刚度结构与均匀负刚度结构在不同载荷作用下的吸能效果. 研究结果表明, 该梯度结构因微结构尺寸的不同, 具有不同的负刚度临界载荷最大值, 从而使其在不同的冲击载荷环境下, 在实现自主回弹的基础上, 均呈现出较好的吸能效率. 该新型负刚度结构为振动控制和结构重组等工程应用提供了技术支持.      

复合结构壳体蠕变变形有限元研究

基于蠕变理论，采用有限元数值计算方法，用ANSYS作为计算平台，建立了壳体结构的蠕变变形计算模型．对由耐火材料是镁碳砖炉衬和炉壳组成的复合结构转炉，由于高导热率的镁碳砖广泛使用，引起转炉炉壳的温度升高，导致转炉不同程度地出现了炉壳蠕变变形，致使炉壳使用寿命缩短．研究转炉炉壳蠕变变形的状态及分布规律，可为控制炉壳蠕变变形、延长炉壳使用寿命提供依据．运用所述的有限元计算模型，对复合结构的转炉炉壳的蠕变变形行为进行模拟，模拟结果与现场测量值基本吻合．     

A coupled finite element model for the consolidation of nonisothermal elastoplastic porous media

A coupled finite element model for the analysis of the deformation of elastoplastic porous media due to fluid and heat flow is presented. A displacement-pressure temperature formulation is used for this purpose. This formulation results in an unsymmetric coefficient matrix, even in the case of associated plasticity. A partitioned solution procedure is applied to restore the symmetry of the coefficient matrix. The partitioning procedure is an algebraic one which is carried out after integration in the time domain. For this integration, a two-point recurrence scheme is used. The finite element model is applied to the investigation of nonisothermal consolidation in various situations.     

损伤因素对单层平面索网静力性能影响研究：有限元分析与试验验证

运用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立三维有限元模型,对横索与竖索连接节点失效、索预应力损失和锚固端失效这三种损伤因素的不同损伤工况下,单层平面索网结构的受力性能进行了非线性有限元分析,并与相应的试验结果进行了全面对比分析。结果表明：本文的有限元模型能够准确地分析计算上述三种损伤因素对单层平面索网结构受力性能的影响,包括结构...     

GBT pre-buckling and buckling analyses of thin-walled members under axial and transverse loads

This paper presents an analytical approach for pre-buckling and buckling analyses of thin-walled members implemented within the framework of the Generalised Beam Theory (GBT). With the proposed GBT cross-sectional analysis, the set of deformation modes used in the analysis is represented by the dynamic modes obtained for an unrestrained frame representing the cross-section. In this manner, it is possible to account for the deformability of the cross-section in both pre-buckling and buckling analyses. Different loading conditions, including both axial and transverse arrangements, are considered in the applications to highlight under which circumstances the use of the GBT deformation modes is required for an adequate representation of the pre-buckling and buckling response. The numerical results have been validated against those determined using a shell element model developed in the finite element software ABAQUS.     

BEM for simulation of a 2D elastic body with randomly distributed circular inclusions

Based on our 2D BEM software THBEM2 which can be applied to the simulation of an elastic body with randomly distributed identical circular holes, a scheme of BEM for the simulation of elastic bodies with randomly distributed circular inclusions is proposed. The numerical examples given show that the boundary element method is more accurate and more effective than the finite element method for such a problem. The scheme presented can also be successfully used to estimate the effective elastic properties of composite materials. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19772025).