基于伪相关函数的多级电平编码符号信号通用无模糊跟踪方法

针对新一代全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)中多级电平编码符号(MCS)信号存在的跟踪模糊问题,本文提出了一种通用的MCS信号无模糊跟踪方法.首先推导了不同MCS信号互相关函数的统一表达式,并给出了伪相关函数的定义;然后深入分析了实现无模糊跟踪需要满足的约束条件,推导了两路参考信号的通用构造方法以及相互之间的关系,为具体MCS信号的求解提供了极大的便利;进而给出了利用本文方法的GNSS接收机码跟踪环路模型.作为MCS信号的特例,分别讨论了本文方法在四种二进制偏移载波信号跟踪中的应用.仿真结果表明,本文方法能够有效解决MCS信号的跟踪模糊问题,具有良好的性能和广阔的应用前景.     

具有多物理特性的X射线脉冲星导航地面验证系统

导航地面验证是X射线脉冲星导航研究必不可少的环节.针对导航算法验证需要真实连续的脉冲星信号的需求,同时避免X射线调制及探测难度大、成本高的问题,提出了一种基于可见光源的X射线脉冲星导航地面验证系统.该系统利用太阳系质心处脉冲星信号模型和航天器轨道信息,建立航天器处实时光子到达速率函数,再通过硬件系统转换成电压信号,利用该电压控制线性光源输出,最后经衰减、探测及甄别后获得航天器处的实时光子到达时间序列.该时间序列不仅具有导航脉冲星的轮廓特性、自转特性,还包括空间传播时间效应及宇宙X射线背景.本系统利用半物理装置对可见光进行调制及衰减,实时判断轨道各位置处导航脉冲星的可见性,实现X射线脉冲星信号传播过程的模拟.该系统提供四路可控输出信号,支持多种导航模式的验证.仿真系统的性能分析和功能验证结果表明,该系统具有良好的性能,可提供真实便捷的地面验证环境.     

基于Gabor时频滤波的电磁超声螺栓轴力测量*

高强度螺栓轴向预紧力(轴力)的测量在工程应用中具有重要意义。使用电磁超声波对螺栓轴力检测时对超声回波声时测量精度要求较高,传统互相关估计法对超声回波声时估计易因噪声干扰发生估计错误,无法满足轴力测量精度要求。本文针对互相关法对电磁超声测量信号声时估计存在不准确的问题,提出了Gabor时频滤波法。通过螺栓轴力测量实验采集测量信号,对测量信号进行Gabor变换,在时频域中进行滤波,再对去噪后的信号进行互相关估计测得信号的声时,进而计算出螺栓轴力。实验表明：Gabor时频滤波法能有效地滤除电磁超声信号中的噪声,改善互相关估计的稳定性,提高螺栓轴力测量的准确率。     

相干水声通信幅相加权空间分集均衡算法

水声信道的典型特点为多普勒频移严重、可利用带宽窄以及强多径干扰。空间分集均衡技术是相干水声通信中克服信道多径干扰,消除码间干扰的一种有效手段。为了极大化地输出阵增益,结合无源相位共轭方法和多通道均衡算法,本文设计了组合信噪干比的全新信道评价方法。利用改进的Sigmoid函数对各通道接收信号的幅度进行加权处理;采用二阶锁相环跟踪各通道信号的相位变化,实现各通道信号同相累加。将各通道低通滤波后的信号能量归一化,采用了分数阶-判决反馈分集均衡器,加入各通道权重系数实现了水声通信系统的分集均衡接收。仿真结果和湖试数据处理结果均表明,优化的幅相加权分集均衡接收算法能抵消多径和噪声的干扰,性能优于等增益合并接收算法。湖试数据处理结果误码率降低了1.8%。     

一种通用的卫星导航信号码时延估计误差评估方法

卫星导航信号的码时延估计误差是决定系统服务性能的关键因素,迫切需要对多种不同调制与复用方式的导航信号进行全面的码时延估计误差性能评估,从而为后期的系统应用提供重要的选择依据.为此,本文提出了通用的码时延估计误差评估方法.首先,概括了导航接收机的码跟踪环路模型,根据是否匹配接收以及是否相干处理,将目前的导航接收机归纳为四种类型.其次,在假设码时延估计误差非常小的条件下,分别给出了匹配接收下相干处理和非相干处理时的估计误差以及相互之间的关系;推导了非匹配接收下非相干处理时的估计误差,并讨论了与相干处理时的关系.最后,推导了码时延估计误差的齐夫-扎凯界限,解决了估计误差不满足非常小这一假设条件时的评估.本文提出的评估方法均以导航信号的功率谱密度表示,为信号设计和接收机的研制提供了重要的理论指导,同时也给具体信号的评估带来了极大便利.仿真实验中对新一代典型导航信号的码时延估计误差做了有效评估.     

Spatial diversity and combination technology using amplitude and phase weighting method for phase-coherent underwater acoustic communications

The UWA channel is characterized as a time-dispersive rapidly fading channel,which in addition exhibits Doppler instabilities and limited bandwidth. To eliminate intersymbol interference caused by multipath propagation, spatial diversity equalization is the main technical means. The paper combines the passive phase conjugation and spatial processing to maximize the output array gain. It uses signal-to-noise-plus-interference to evaluate the quality of signals received at different channels. The amplitude of signal is weighted using Sigmoid function. Second order PLL can trace the phase variation caused by channel, so the signal can be accumulated in the same phase. The signals received at different channels need to be normalized. It adopts fractional-decision feedback diversity equalizer(FDFDE) and achieves diversity equalization by using different channel weighted coefficients. The simulation and lake trial data processing results show that, the optimized diversity receiving equalization algorithm can improve communication system's ability in tracking the change of underwater acoustic channel,offset the impact of multipath and noise and improve the performance of communication system.The performance of the communication receiving system is better than that of the equal gain combination. At the same time, the bit error rate(BER) reduces 1.8%.     

Satellite virtual atomic clock with pseudorange difference function

Satellite atomic clocks are the basis of GPS for the control of time and frequency of navigation signals. In the Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS), a satellite navigation system without the satellite atomic clocks onboard is successfully developed. Thus, the method of time synchronization based on satellite atomic clocks in GPS is not suitable. Satellite virtual atomic clocks are used to implement satellite navigation. With the satellite virtual atomic clocks, the time at which the signals are transmitted from the ground can be delayed into the time that the signals are transmitted from the satellites and the pseudorange measuring can be fulfilled as in GPS. Satellite virtual atomic clocks can implement the navigation, make a pseudorange difference, remove the ephemeris error, and improve the accuracy of navigation positioning. They not only provide a navigation system without satellite clocks, but also a navigation system with pseudorange difference. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815502) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA12Z300)     

The principle of the positioning system based on communication satellites

It is a long dream to realize the communication and navigation functionality in a satellite system in the world. This paper introduces how to establish the system, a positioning system based on communication satellites called Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS). Instead of the typical navigation satellites, the communication satellites are configured firstly to transfer navigation signals from ground stations, and can be used to obtain service of the positioning, velocity and time, and to achieve the function of navigation and positioning. Some key technique issues should be first solved; they include the accuracy position determination and orbit prediction of the communication satellites, the measuring and calculation of transfer time of the signals, the carrier frequency drift in communication satellite signal transfer, how to improve the geometrical configuration of the constellation in the system, and the integration of navigation & communication. Several innovative methods are developed to make the new system have full functions of navigation and communication. Based on the development of crucial techniques and methods, the CAPS demonstration system has been designed and developed. Four communication satellites in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) located at 87.5°E, 110.5°E, 134°E, 142°E and barometric altimetry are used in the CAPS system. The GEO satellites located at 134°E and 142°E are decommissioned GEO (DGEO) satellites. C-band is used as the navigation band. Dual frequency at C1=4143.15 MHz and C2=3826.02 MHz as well as dual codes with standard code (CA code and precision code (P code)) are adopted. The ground segment consists of five ground stations; the master station is in Lintong, Xi’an. The ground stations take a lot of responsibilities, including monitor and management of the operation of all system components, determination of the satellite position and prediction of the satellite orbit, accomplishment of the virtual atomic clock measurement, transmission and receiving navigation signals to and from each satellite. In the north, the south, the east, the west and the center of Chinese main land, the function of CAPS demonstration system is checked and measured. In cars and on board the system is also checked and measured. The results are as follow: CA-code, horizontal positioning accuracy, 15–25 m (1 σ), vertical, 1–3 m; P-code, horizontal positioning accuracy, 8–10 m (1 σ), vertical, 1–3 m; velocity accuracy, CA-code, 0.13–0.30 m/s, P-code, 0.15–0.17 m/s; time accuracy, CA-code, 160 ns, P-code, 13 ns; determination accuracy of orbit ≤2 m. About 20 million US $ and two years are spent for the development of demonstration. A complete CAPS system is now being established. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10453001), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815500), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2004AA105030), and the Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Key Topics in Innovation Engineering (Grant No. KGCXI-21)     

基于OFDM的雷达通信一体化共波形设计

为了减小通信信息对一体化波形模糊函数的影响,以连续波信号为基础,提出了一种基于扩频的多OFDM符号调制的雷达通信一体化信号模型,并分别从波形以及雷达模糊函数的角度对其进行分析。通过对通信信息预扩频后采用OFDM调制的方法,可显著改善一体化信号的模糊函数性能,降低距离维旁瓣。理论分析表明,一体化信号的距离旁瓣由所用伪随机编码序列的自相关、互相关特性及调制的通信信息共同决定,为波形的性能改进提供了指导方向。仿真结果表明扩频因子、子载波数目、数据长度的不同取值对雷达通信一体化信号的距离维模糊函数的旁瓣的影响,为优化一体化信号的性能提供依据。设计的雷达通信一体化信号模型可有效改善对通信信息和多普勒频移的敏感性,满足雷达探测波形要求。     

Random access sequence set design in wireless cellular communication networks

In modern wireless cellular communication systems, Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequences have been chosen as random access sequences due to their perfect autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties. However, the orthogonality between these sequences is no longer true when there is a frequency offset between the access device and access point. Thereby, the overall performance of ZC sequence-based random access signals will be limited. In this paper, we give a comprehensive analysis on the effect of frequency offset. We show how frequency offset affects the orthogonal property between sequences, and hence incurs the “energy attenuation” and “energy leakage” problems. Consequently, the detection probabilities of the transmitted random access sequences and the false alarm probabilities of the unsent sequences are affected. A frequency offset resistant detection metric is proposed in this paper to improve the detection probability. In order to resist the frequency offset effect as well as apply to the proposed detection metric, mathematical properties of the optimized roots and cyclic shift set are exploited. Finally, we illustrate how to construct a practical random access signal set under the given timing and frequency offset uncertainties. This analytical framework provides a useful insight into ZC sequence-based random access signal design and performance analyses in wireless cellular communication systems.     

空间放电辐射脉冲的探测与定位

提出一种基于辐射场窄带测试的空间放电辐射信号探测系统,系统主要由8路定向性天线阵、高增益接收前端以及数据处理单元构成。基于该探测系统建立了空间平面4元阵列定位模型,研究了空间放电辐射源位置快速搜索算法,并对定位精度进行了试验验证。实验结果表明,该系统能对1 km以内的空间放电辐射源进行探测,阵元尺寸为10 m的空间平面4元阵列的距离定位误差小于2.5%。该探测定位系统可以用于复杂电磁环境下空间放电源位置的确定。     

基于VSLMS-Rake模型的高阶多径BOC信号捕获方法*

针对高阶多径BOC信号捕获存在模糊性的问题,提出了一种基于VSLMS-Rake模型的捕获方法。该方法首先将接收的多径BOC信号经过VSLMS-Rake模型,然后再对处理后的信号进行功率谱估计。通过二者结合,不仅可以抑制多径干扰增强信号能量,还可以减小估计误差提高捕获概率,最终实现对高阶多径BOC信号的精确捕获。理论和仿真表明,在较低信噪比下,该方法优于现有其它捕获算法。     

强噪声中的光散射通信信号检测

针对光散射通信存在严重的多径衰落及噪声干扰,提出了一种基于空间分集接收,并采用三阶累积量及互相关滤波的信号检测方法。该方法使用两路探测器同时接收信号,并分别计算采集信号的自三阶累积量对角切片,之后对两路信号进行互相关滤波。实验结果表明,在接收信号信噪比低至-25dB时,该方法仍可抑制噪声干扰,正确提取信号频率特征,且对设备要求不高,操作简便,能够实现强噪声中的实时光散射信号的检测。     

航空通信网络中复杂干扰过滤技术研究

航空通信环境中存在复杂的干扰信号,对正常的通信信号造成强烈的干扰。利用传统算法进行干扰信号过滤,无法避免由于干扰信号过于复杂导致过滤不充分的缺陷。提出一种基于加权残差优化算法的航空通信网络中复杂干扰过滤方法。对原始信号进行降频处理,能够消除峰值干扰信号,提高了信号的准确性。根据加权残差修正优化算法的相关原理,对通信信号进行残差优化处理,经过处理后的通信信号在受到干扰时会形成零陷,实现了对复杂干扰信号的过滤。实验结果表明,利用该算法进行航空通信网络中复杂干扰信号过滤,能够有效提高过滤的准确性,效果令人满意。     

基于H-PPM的可见光通信系统RS编码性能分析

为了改善复杂交通环境下湍流信道的光强闪烁对信号的影响,研究了大气湍流光强闪烁的系统模型,并且针对PPM和DPIM等调制方法存在的问题,提出一种新型的无线光通信调制方法——头脉冲位置调制(head pulse position modulation,H-PPM)。根据湍流信道的特点,推导出基于H-PPM的可见光通信系统未编码时与RS(Reed-Solomon)码纠错后的误时隙率公式。数值仿真曲线证明,当系统误码率为10-10时,RS(15, 7)纠错码可以提高约18 dB的编码增益。由此可得,采取H-PPM调制和RS编码相结合可提高信号的质量,更有利于复杂交通环境下的可见光通信。     

基于3G-ASCX的小型飞行器异常导航信号检测系统设计

传统方法在异常导航信号信噪比较低时对小型飞行器异常导航信号的检测效果不理想。设计并实现了一种基于3G-ASCX的小型飞行器异常导航信号检测系统,硬件设计时着重于ASCX传感器模块、异常导航信号检测模块、主控基站模块、3G/GPRS传输模块的研究,3G/GPRS传输模块的硬件设计中,通过功耗低体积小的CC1100完成异常导航信号的收发,传输过程中通过芯片STC12C5410AD完成电容的平衡转换,选取了MC3486进行电压的转换,最终实现异常信号数据的安全快速传输;软件设计中,系统软件流程设计及异常导航信号检测模块软件设计,最后进行仿真实验,实验结果证明,相比传统系统,所设计系统检测到的小型飞行器异常导航信号同实际测量的异常导航信号具有较高的匹配度,与实际值相比,误差小于1dB,适合推广使用。     

基于主元分析的超声多普勒栓子信号检测

提出基于主元分析的超声多普勒栓子信号检测方法,先从超声多普勒信号中提取出主元成分并获得相应的特征参数,再结合时域的特征参数对栓子、干扰噪声和正常血流信号进行分类。通过对300例仿真超声多普勒信号和168例临床采集的脑动脉超声多普勒血流信号进行分析,结果表明:主元分析方法对仿真信号和临床信号的最小误判率分别为2%和5%,其分类的准确率相比常规的时域检测方法有了较大提高。可见,基于主元分析的超声多普勒栓子检测方法具有较高的检测率,克服了常规的时域和频域检测方法中由于干扰噪声的影响和频谱分析中时频分辨率的矛盾导致的灵敏度不高的局限,有望用于栓子的临床自动检测。     

变分模态分量降噪后重构的水声弱信号检测

针对能量检测法在低信噪比下对非合作水声探测信号的检测性能显著下降的问题,提出了一种组合变分模态分解和小波变换降噪重构的信号检测方法。以信号分解出的各个本征模态函数的近似熵与互相关系数比值作为分量分类参数,将所得分量分为信号分量、含噪信号分量与噪声分量,然后利用第二代小波变换对含噪信号分量降噪后与信号分量组成重构信号,最后对重构信号进行检测。数值仿真结果表明该方法可以在无先验信息的情况下对CW和LFM信号自适应降噪,信噪比0 dB以下时CW信号重构后信噪比提升约12 dB,宽带LFM信号信噪比提升约8～9 dB,有效提升了低虚警概率下信号的检测概率。湖试结果表明,虚警概率为0.1时检测概率可提升至0.9以上,验证了该方法的有效性。     

GPS最优压制式干扰信号研究

针对GPS最优干扰信号评估方法欠缺的问题,提出了利用误码率判断最优干扰信号的方法。建立了卫星导航接收机模型和基于中频信号的误码率模型,研究不同干扰环境下接收机的误码率。通过改变干扰信号功率得到误码率与干信比的关系曲线,比较不同干扰信号同干信比下的误码率,得到最优干扰信号。通过实验验证,相同环境下,伪码相关干扰信号效果最优,为卫星导航信号干扰设备的研发及设计提供了依据。     

光学信号互相关法烟气流速测量的研究

工业环境中的烟气流速测量是一个很重要的问题。研究了利用抗干扰能力强、能适应恶劣环境的非介入式的光学信号互相关技术测量烟气流速。利用光学传感器获取由烟气造成的光学闪烁信号,通过高性能数据采集卡进行数据采集和A/D转换,在计算机上编制软件,对由烟气造成的光学闪烁信号进行了互相关处理,求得了烟气流经上游和下游传感器的渡越时间,从而计算出了烟气流速值。通过风洞实验,比较了该方法与传统的皮托管法的测量结果,分析了流速反演方法存在的问题及解决方法。在此基础上获得了较为满意的结果。