An active resonator system for CW-ESR measurement operating at 700 MHz

An active resonator system operating at 700 MHz, which can attain a high Q for CW-ESR measurements of a high loss sample, was developed. This system consisted of a loop-gap resonator (LGR), a receiver coil, an excitation coil, and a phase tunable amplifier. A part of the RF power at the LGR was picked up by the receiver coil, amplified, and irradiated to the LGR again by the excitation coil, which made up a feedback circuit. Because the feedback circuit provided the energy that canceled the loss in the resonator, the Q of the active resonator system increased. When a sample tube (inner diameter, 20 mm; axial length, 31 mm) containing a nitroxide radical and physiological saline solution was placed in the resonator, the Q could be varied from 55 to 4000. It was possible to obtain a Q of the active resonator system with sample that was higher than that of the value of the LGR without a sample in a no-feedback condition. The ESR signal intensity increased up to 7 times with the increase in Q. The sensitivity increased up to 50%, which was a much smaller advance than that of the Q, because the noise level also increased with the increase in signal intensity.     

An improved least square channel estimation algorithm for coherent optical OFDM system

This paper presents an improved processing added to conventional least square (LS) channel estimation to modify its performance for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. By testing selected limitation factors of the existing algorithms, the influence of our improved algorithm to the performance of CO-OFDM system were studied and compared with other published algorithms. The simulation results of the study demonstrated that the proposed approaches achieved better channel estimation performance and are considered as a more appropriate alternative for CO-OFDM system with the tradeoff between complexity and performance.     

On signal space diversity: An adaptive interleaver for enhancing physical layer security in frequency selective fading channels

Signal space diversity is a powerful technique that increases reliability of detection over fading channels. In this paper, we explore the ability of this technique to provide secure communication. We enhance the security of OFDM systems in frequency selective fading channels by providing more diversity gain to the legitimate user compared to an eavesdropper. This is done by adapting the interleaving pattern to the channel of the legitimate user in rich multipath environments, where spatially separated channels are typically independent to each other. This ensures secrecy in a time division duplex system, where the eavesdropper has no information regarding the channel of the legitimate user. The scheme can also be used in the conventional frequency division duplex system, which is more challenging in terms of security aspects because of the channel state information leakage. A theoretical analysis is presented on the bit-error probability in Rayleigh fading environment. The numerical results support the conclusion that adapting the interleaving pattern to the CSI of the legitimate user provides a gain in the bit-error rate performance over the eavesdropper.     

An open volume, high isolation, radio frequency surface coil system for pulsed magnetic resonance

We present an open volume, high isolation, RF system suitable for pulsed NMR and EPR spectrometers with reduced dead time. It comprises a set of three RF surface coils disposed with mutually parallel RF fields and a double-channel receiver (RX). Theoretical and experimental results obtained with a prototype operating at about 100 MHz are reported. Each surface RF coil (diameter 5.5 cm) was tuned to f₀ = 100.00 ± 0.01 MHz when isolated. Because of the mutual coupling and the geometry of the RF coils, only two resonances at f₁ = 97.94 MHz and f₂ = 101.85 MHz were observed. We show they are associated with two different RF field spatial distributions. In continuous mode (CW) operation the isolation between the TX coil and one of the RX coils (single-channel) was about −10 dB. By setting the double-channel RF assembly in subtraction mode the isolation values at f₁ or f₂ could be optimised to about −75 dB. Following a TX RF pulse (5 μs duration) an exponential decay with time constant of about 600 ns was observed. The isolation with single-channel RX coil was about −11 dB and it increased to about −47 dB with the double-channel RX in subtraction mode. Similar results were obtained with the RF pulse frequency selected to f₂ and also with shorter (500 ns) RF pulses. The above geometrical parameters and operating frequency of the RF assembly were selected as a model for potential applications in solid state NMR and in free radical EPR spectroscopy and imaging.     

宽光谱膜厚监控系统中光谱实时测量技术研究

 在宽光谱膜厚监控系统中,利用光栅光谱仪分光,线阵CCD接收,完成光谱的一次性快速扫描来控制膜层厚度,达到实时监控的要求。而系统光谱扫描的准确性,直接影响膜厚实时监控的有效性。为了得到准确的光谱信息,首先确定CCD像素和光波波长的对应关系,基于特征谱线的离散关系,采用最小二乘拟合法建立了光谱标定函数,经实验,标定波长均方根误差为0.037 nm;对于CCD实时输出的光谱监控信号,利用小波阈值优化算法抑制信号中的随机噪声,保留了光谱信号的细节成分,峰值误差的最大值为1.0%,峰位误差的最大值为0.3%,满足了监控中光谱分辨率的要求。     

一种鲁棒性强的OFDM 水声通信系统*

为了在不同衰落水声信道下实现正交频分复用水声通信,该文提出了一种鲁棒性强的正交频分复用水声通信方案,方案包括编码调制、信道估计和多普勒估计等内容。为了使该系统更稳健,整个信道编码分为两个步骤。首先,循环冗余校验编码器和里德-所罗门编码器用于编码整个数据包,然后循环冗余校验编码器和Turbo 编码器用于编码每个数据帧,其中比特交织编码调制技术用来对抗信道的时变特性。为了得到水声信道估计,使用线性最小均方误差估计器来处理导频数据得到信道估计值。多普勒估计包括帧的多普勒估计和符号的多普勒估计。实验结果表明该系统在不同的衰落信道下都能实现正确的跟踪和译码,系统的鲁棒性能优越。此外,该系统算法计算简单,易于实现,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

射频场照射下同核体系的弛豫

根据WBR理论和同核体系的特点,构造出了一个相应的三维转动,利用Wigner旋转矩阵的特性并借助于计算机代数语言,计算出了射频场照射下同核体系完整的弛豫方程组.在此基础上,给出了射频场照射下纵向与横向弛豫时间的计算公式,并从理论上研究了射频场的照射对同核体系弛豫的影响.研究结果表明:1)射频场的照射对同核体系的弛豫有一定程度的影响.2)在射频场的照射下,同核体系的纵向弛豫时间T1小于无射频场时的T1,而横向弛豫时间T2大于无射频场时的T2.3)纵向弛豫时间T1随射频场的增强而逐渐减小,横向弛豫时间T2随射频场的增强而逐渐增大. 关键词： 核磁共振 弛豫 射频场 三维转动     

An optimization method for designing SENSE imaging RF coil arrays

An optimization method in RF coil array design for SENSE imaging is described. Using this method the optimized RF coil geometries can be calculated numerically given the required SENSE imaging performance. Although this method can be applied to optimize the RF coil arrays for both 1D and 2D SENSE imaging, to demonstrate the potential applications of this method, we designed RF coil arrays for 2D SENSE imaging and compared their performance by simulation. An optimized 4-channel receive-only RF coil array designed for 2D SENSE imaging was implemented and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique. Imaging results showed reasonable agreement with the simulations, thus the method can be applied to RF coil array designs for SENSE imaging when optimum imaging performance is desired.     

RF system design and measurement of HIRF-CSRe

An RF system for the CSRe （cooling storage experimental ring） is designed and manufactured domestically. The present paper mainly describes the RF system design in five main sections： ferrite ring, RF cavity, RF generator, low level system and cavity cooling. The cavity is based on a type of coaxial resonator which is shorted at the end with one gap and loaded with domestic ferrite rings. The RF generator is designed in the push-pull mode and the low level control system is based on a DSP＋FGPA＋DDS＋USB interface and has three feedback loops. Finally we give the results of the measurement on our system.     

An off‐axis magnetron‐sputtering system for in situ studies of artificial superlattices growth by synchrotron radiation scattering

A sputtering chamber for the growth of artificial superlattices of oxide‐based materials is described. The chamber is designed to fit into a standard Huber eight‐circle diffractometer. The chamber serves for investigation with synchrotron radiation of growth characteristics of oxide‐based artificial superlattices in situ. Two Be windows of large area in the vacuum chamber enable measurement of reflections of X‐rays at entrance and exit angles up to ～50°. Large perpendicular momentum transfers are practical with this apparatus. The possibility of investigating X‐ray scattering in situ is demonstrated by observation of the effects of the modulation length and the stacking period on the growth characteristics of BaTiO₃/LaNiO₃ artificial superlattices.     

一种改进的计算探测器校正因子的相关抽样方法

对于小尺寸探测器处于大块介质的情形, 在探测器的校正因子的Monte Carlo模拟中, 存在两个难题: 一是由于探测器尺寸很小粒子难以到达探测器并发生碰撞; 二是两个随机变量比值难以达到要求精度. 本文使用经过改进的粒子碰撞自动重要抽样方法, 再结合相关抽样方法, 解决了这两个难题, 并在MCNP-4C程序平台上加以实现. 除了粒子碰撞自动重要抽样以外, 还选用了其他3种方法: 直接模拟、区域分裂、强迫碰撞+Dxtran球分别与相关抽样方法结合, 对一个简化的探测器校正因子计算模型进行了计算. 实际计算结果表明, 相关抽样方法无论与哪种方法结合, 都起到了提高相关量计算效率的作用; 而它与粒子碰撞自动重要抽样结合, 比其他方法具有明显的优越性.     

中国散裂中子源直线射频低电平远程控制软件研制

中国散裂中子源一期工程的直线加速器,共有8套数字化射频低电平控制单元,射频低电平的本地控制属于EPICS的异构系统,无法直接与EPICS客户端进行通信。通过在射频低电平本地控制上位机程序中嵌入一个C#类型的EPICS服务器程序,实现了使用EPICS客户端对射频低电平系统的远程控制, 从而把射频低电平控制系统接入基于EPICS框架的控制系统中。直线射频低电平远程控制投入在线运行以来,运行稳定可靠。     

常温直线加速器RF系统的建模

为了研究针对RF系统的新的控制方法,用Matlab软件为常温直线加速器的RF系统建立了一个数学模型。模型包括了速调管、SLED和行波加速管等一些典型的微波器件。RF系统模型被用于研究系统在不同输入信号下的输出情况,并用于确定SLED的相位翻转时间和RF系统的工作点。一种新的控制算法,自适应前馈控制算法,也在RF系统模型上得到了验证,并取得了良好的结果。这些都证明所建立的RF系统模型是有效的。     

BEPC Ⅱ注入器相控系统的设计

 以2.856GHz频率上相位控制达到±2°为目标，阐述北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程注入器相控系统设计思路，提出相应的系统实现结构。在分析相控过程的基础上，分解系统指标，把它作为相控系统详细设计和关键部件测试的依据。最后，针对相位测量这一关键问题，给出了具体的实现方法。     

基于红外图像编码的运动预测相关算法

针对运动预测过程中单一匹配准则的不足提出了一种联合匹配准则,能较好地处理小目标的灰度渐变。基于运动预测过程中不断进行的像素块匹配运算提出了一种新的像素抽样算法,该算法使得运算量大大减少,匹配精度逼近全像素匹配算法。这两种技术的综合应用使得整个运动预测效率有较大改善。     

捷联寻北信号采集系统研究

基于捷联寻北信号采集系统,提出了一种在不同地理纬度下准确获得陀螺数据拟合曲线的方法。首先计算得出了在不同地理纬度下动调陀螺输出的电流大小,根据其变化调整信号采集模块的采样电阻值,设计了基于数字电位器的自调整采样电阻系统;然后数据处理系统根据采集到的陀螺信号自动计算工作地点的地理纬度,自调整采样电阻系统通过地理纬度自动设置采样电阻的阻值,进而获得准确的数据拟合曲线。本方法确保了寻北仪在不同地理纬度时满足寻北精度要求,适应性强,稳定性高。     

采用树脂透镜的掌纹图像采集光学系统设计

为了获得高分辨率、高对比度和低畸变的掌纹图像,同时实现系统的轻量化和高性价比,本文基于全反射原理,采用树脂材料设计了一款由6片镜构成双远心光路的掌纹采集光学系统。树脂材料的选用减轻了光学系统的总重量;基于光的全反射原理的系统设计增强了掌纹图像的对比度;选择双远心光学结构,便于对倾斜物面所产生的梯形畸变进行矫正。对所设计光学系统的成像质量分析表明,该系统所有视场的光学传递函数（MTF）在Nyquist频率228 lp/mm处均达0.55以上,畸变〈0.14%。设计的光学系统可以采集120 mm×160 mm的手掌区域,实际手掌面上的分辨率达到500dpi,采集的掌纹图像分辨率达到8.0×106 pixel,满足了实际采集的要求。     

Equilibrium of a mesoscopic system with conformation dependent damping: An alternative approach

We look at the dynamics of a Brownian particle with internal degrees of freedom and conformation dependent damping. Inhomogeneous damping apparently makes the problem a stochastic process with multiplicative noise. We derive the equilibrium distribution of such a system on the basis of a single postulate that the stochastic forces on the system produces no drift. Based on this postulate, we generalize the expression of the stochastic force for the equilibrium of such systems. The equilibrium probability distribution obtained deviates from the exact canonical form, although, the equipartition of energy remains intact when the internal degrees of freedom are integrated out. We also show a crucial local balance of the rate of average energy inflow and outflow as a consequence of the equilibrium probability distribution.     

An equilibrium thermostatistics of a nonextensive finite system: Canonical distribution and entropy

A simple model is presented to illustrate the equilibrium thermostatistics of a nonentensive finite system. Interaction between the finite system and the reservoir is taken into account as a nonextensive term λ_H1H2$\lambda H_1{H}_2$ in the expression of total energy (_H1$H_1$ and _H2$H_2$ are the energy of the finite system and the reservoir respectively, λ$\lambda$ is nonadditivity parameter). In the present paper, a case with harmonic reservoir potential is considered. Energy probability distribution, average energy, heat capacity and entropy function for energy distribution are derived in different finite systems including those with constant density of state in energy, the ideal gas and the phonon gas.