A stable boundary elements method for magnetohydrodynamic channel flows at high Hartmann numbers

The article is devoted to extension of boundary element method (BEM) for solving coupled equations in velocity and induced magnetic field for time dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows through a rectangular pipe. The BEM is equipped with finite difference approach to solve MHD problem at high Hartmann numbers up to 10⁶. In fact, the finite difference approach is used to approximate partial derivatives of unknown functions at boundary points respect to outward normal vector. It yields a numerical method with no singular boundary integrals. Besides, a new approach is suggested in this article where transforms 2D singular BEM's integrals to 1D nonsingular ones. The new approach reduces computational cost, significantly. Note that the stability of the numerical scheme is proved mathematically when computational domain is discretized uniformly and Hartmann number is 40 times bigger than length of boundary elements. Numerical examples show behavior of velocity and induced magnetic field across the sections.     

A note on nonlinear stability of plane parallel shear flows

We present a generalized energy functional E for plane parallel shear flows which provides conditional nonlinear stability for Reynolds numbers Re below some value ReE depending on the shear profile. In the case of the experimentally important profiles, viz. combinations of laminar Couette and Poiseuille flow, ReE is shown to be at least 174.     

On MHD flow of an incompressible viscous fluid

In this paper, we apply Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) to find the analytical solutions of nonlinear MHD flow of an incompressible viscous fluid through convergent or divergent channels in presence of a high magnetic field. The flow of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid in convergent or divergent channels under the influence of an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field is studied both analytically and numerically. The graphs are presented to reveal the physical characteristics of flow by changing angles of the channel, Hartmann and Reynolds numbers.     

Modelling dispersion in laminar and turbulent flows in an open channel based on centre manifolds using 1D-IRBFN method

Centre manifold method is an accurate approach for analytically constructing an advection–diffusion equation (and even more accurate equations involving higher-order derivatives) for the depth-averaged concentration of substances in channels. This paper presents a direct numerical verification of this method with examples of the dispersion in laminar and turbulent flows in an open channel with a smooth bottom. The one-dimensional integrated radial basis function network (1D-IRBFN) method is used as a numerical approach to obtain a numerical solution for the original two-dimensional (2-D) advection–diffusion equation. The 2-D solution is depth-averaged and compared with the solution of the 1-D equation derived using the centre manifolds. The numerical results show that the 2-D and 1-D solutions are in good agreement both for the laminar flow and turbulent flow. The maximum depth-averaged concentrations for the 1-D and 2-D models gradually converge to each other, with their velocities becoming practically equal. The obtained numerical results also demonstrate that the longitudinal diffusion can be neglected compared to the advection.     

Stability of hydromagnetic laminar flows in an inclined heated layer

Laminar flows of conducting fluids with an imposed magnetic field play an important role in many applications, for instance in geophysics, astrophysics, e.g. when dealing with solar winds, industry, biology, in metallurgy, in biofilms, etc. Also many engineering applications require heating at the boundaries. The inclination has been examined by some authors mainly in theoretical applications, geophysical studies, and materials processing. In Falsaperla et al. (Laminar hydromagnetic flows in an inclined heated layer, 2016) we have investigated analytical solutions of stationary laminar flows of an inclined layer filled with a hydromagnetic fluid heated from below and subject to the gravity field. In this article we study linear instability and nonlinear stability of some of the above solutions and investigate the critical stability/instability thresholds.     

Similarity of homoclinic tangles in open planar flows

An invariance of the structure of the homoclinic tangle with respect to a simultaneous rescaling of the perturbation amplitude and the coordinates in the neighborhood of the saddle was recently studied in low dimensional chaotic Hamiltonian systems. A similar property exists in open systems with transient chaotic behaviour. The scaling constant depends on the ratio of the perturbation frequency and the eigenvalue of the linearized system at the saddle. This result can be used to analyze the structure of the mixing layers in time-dependent two-dimensional open flows. The invariance of the homoclinic tangle is demonstrated numerically for a weakly perturbed flow of ideal fluid around a cylinder.     

宾汉流体沿斜面流动的稳定性分析*

本文讨论了在二维扰动情况下,宾汉流体沿外面流动的稳定性问题。在长波解情况下,得到了临界雷诺数的近似表示,并分析了屈服应力对流动稳定性的影响。     

Dynamic responses of shear flows over a deformable porous surface layer in a cylindrical tube

This paper investigates dynamic responses of a viscous fluid flow introduced under a time dependent pressure gradient in a rigid cylindrical tube that is lined with a deformable porous surface layer. With the Darcy’s law and a linear elasticity assumption, we have solved the coupling effect of the fluid movement and the deformation of the porous medium in the Laplace transform space. Governing equations are deduced for the solid displacement and the fluid velocity in the porous layer. Analytical solutions in the transformed domain are derived and the time dependent variables are inverted numerically using Durbin’s algorithm. Interaction between the solid and the fluid phases in the porous layer and its effects on fluid flow in tube are investigated under steady and unsteady flow conditions when the solid phase is either rigid or deformable. Examples are presented for flows driven by a Heaviside or a sinusoid pressure gradient. Significant effects of the porous surface layer on the flow in the tube are observed. The analytical solutions can be used to test more complicated numerical schemes.     

周期壁面电势调制下平行板微管道中的电磁电渗流动

研究了平行板微管道中二维磁流体(MHD)电渗流(EOF)在zeta电势调制下的流动.流体的流动是由两个外加水平电场和垂直磁场所产生的Lorentz力和电场力的组合驱动的.在滑移边界条件下,得到了流函数以及速度分布的解析解.详细讨论了速度随Hartmann数Ha、滑移长度B、电动宽度K等相关的无量纲参数量级变化的变化规律.结果表明,调制的壁面电势会产生一个垂直速度分量,从而导致涡旋的形成.此外,可以观察到,速度的大小随着滑移长度B和电动宽度K的增大而增大.值得注意的是,速度的大小随着Ha值的增大而减小,这与一维流动中Ha值存在临界值的情况不同.     

A proof of Howard’s conjecture in homogeneous parallel shear flows

A rigorous mathematical proof of Howard's conjecture which states that the growth rate of an arbitrary unstable wave must approach zero, as the wave length decreases to zero, in the linear instability of nonviscous homogeneous parallel shear flows, is presented here for the first time under the restriction of the boundedness of the second derivative of the basic velocity field with respect to the vertical coordinate in the concerned flow domain.     

A differential quadrature analysis of unsteady open channel flow

A rapid, convergent and accurate differential quadrature method (DQM) is employed for numerical simulation of unsteady open channel flow. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to use the DQM in open channel hydraulics. The Saint-Venant equations and the related nonhomogenous, time dependent boundary conditions are discretized in spatial and temporal domain by DQ rules. The unknowns in the entire domain are computed by satisfying governing equations, boundary and initial conditions simultaneously. By employing DQM, accurate results can be obtained using dramatically less grid points in spatial and time domain. The stability of DQM solution is not sensitive to choosing time step or Courant number unlike other methods. Although numerical problems such as instability, oscillation and underestimation near critical depth can be seen by using other methods but DQM solution is smooth and accurate in this case. The results are sensitive to grid distribution in time domain. In light of this, Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto distribution performance is excellent. To validate the DQM solutions, the obtained results are compared with those of the characteristic method. In conclusion, DQM is a potential powerful method with minimum computational effort for unsteady flow simulation.     

A new approach to the nonlinear stability of viscous flow in a coplanar magnetic field

We present a new Lyapunov function for laminar flow, in the x‐direction, between two parallel planes in the presence of a coplanar magnetic field for three‐dimensional perturbations with stress‐free boundary planes that provides conditional nonlinear stability for all Reynolds numbers(R_e) and magnetic Reynolds numbers(R_m) below π²/2M. Compared with previous results on the nonlinear stability of this problem, the radius of stability ball and the energy decay rate obtained in this paper are independent of the magnetic field. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广义Eady模型的非线性稳定性

对于广义Eady模型，分别讨论了密度函数是常数函数与指数函数两种情形，利用变分原理，考虑到动量守恒的约束条件，得到了优化的Poincare不等式，从而得到了新的非线性稳定性定理，并且得到了在径向长度分别不大于纬向长度的0．84402倍及0．86068倍时（这对于地球的实际情况是成立的），非线性稳定性判据与线性稳定性判据是一致的．     

Stochastic flows of diffeomorphisms on an open set in rn

In this paper, we will give sufficient conditions for the solution to a stochastic differential equation (SDE) on an open set D in R" to define a stochastic flow of diffeomorphisms of D onto itself. Since a necessary and sufficient condition for the solution to determine a stochastic flow of diffeomorphisms is that the original SDE and its adjoint SDE are both strictly conservative, we will concentrate our attention on finding sufficient conditions for the SDE to be strictly conservative. It will be etablished that the strict conservativeness follows if the vector fields governing the SDE decay suitably near the boundary dD in the direction transversal to 3D and some additional assumptions are satisfied.     

纤维悬浮槽流空间模式稳定性分析

采用扰动的空间发展模式而非通常的时间发展模式,对含有悬浮纤维的槽流进行了线性稳定性分析。建立了适用于纤维悬浮流的稳定性方程并针对较大范围的流动Re数及扰动波角频率进行了数值求解。计算结果表明,纤维轴向抗拉伸力与流体惯性力之比H可以反映纤维对流动稳定性的影响。H增大使临界Re数升高,对应的扰动波数减小,扰动空间衰减率增加,扰动速度幅值的峰值降低,不稳定扰动区域缩小,长波扰动所受影响相对较大。纤维的存在抑制了流场的失稳。     

Resolvent Estimates and Quantification of Nonlinear Stability

Abstract The aim of this paper is to clarify the role played by resolvent estimates for nonlinear stability. We will give examples showing that a large resolvent may lead to a small domain of nonlinear stability. In other examples the resolvent is large, but the domain of nonlinear stability is completely unrestricted. Which case prevails depends on the details of the problem. We will also show that the size of the resolvent depends in an essential way on the norms that are used. * Supported by Office of Naval Research n00014 90 j 1382 ** Supported by NSF Grant DMS-9404124 and DOE Grant DE-FG03-95ER25235