Second Harmonic Generation in 1D Nonlinear Plasma Photonic Crystals

In this paper, a 1D nonlinear plasma photonic crystal (NPPC) structure composed of polarized ferroelectric crystals and nonlinear plasma periodic alternation is proposed. The transfer matrix method is employed to analyze the second harmonic generation (SHG) problem of this structure. In the designed NPPCs, the fundamental wave (FW) operates in the gigahertz (GHz) band and the nonlinear plasma is controlled by an external high-intensity control wave (CW). Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of different incident angles and external CW intensities on the total conversion efficiency (T-con) of the second harmonic wave (SHW). Additionally, the internal electric field distribution and incident light intensity within the nonlinear structure are analyzed. The importance of the relationship between the FW frequency and photonic band gap (PBG) in enhancing SHG is summarized. The results demonstrate that the optimal structure can be obtained by changing the structural parameters, such that the FW and SHW are tuned to the edge of the PBG. At this point, the electromagnetic field density is large, the group velocity is small, the local field is enhanced, and the nonlinear optical interaction is increased, resulting in a significant increase in the T-con of the SHW.     

Approximately analytical optimization of Cherenkov cascading second order nonlinear effects in a dissipative waveguide

The coupled-mode equation in dissipative waveguides in Cherenkov configuration has been detailedly discussed for the first time, to our knowledge. Based on this equation, Cherenkov second harmonic generation (SHG) and Cherenkov nonlinear phase shift (NPS) caused by Cherenkov cascading second order nonlinear (CSON) effects have been analyzed and optimized comprehensively and systematically by an analytical method, taking into account both the conversion depletion and the waveguide loss, and the analytical expressions for Cherenkov SHG and NPS has been presented. The dependence of the NPS and the conversion efficiency on varied parameters, such as the waveguide thickness, the fundamental wavelength, the input fundamental power and the temperature, has been discussed completely. The results show that a large enough NPS (>10π) can be attained for nondissipative waveguides with a very small depletion of the fundamental power, at the same time, this Cherenkov CSON configuration has some advantages over the quasi-phase matching CSON configuration, e.g., the much looser tolerances of the waveguide parameters and the noncollinear feature of the fundamental wave and the second harmonic wave, these characteristics make the Cherenkov CSON configuration a promising direction to realize all-optical devices.     

On the possibility of soliton-like double-frequency propagation of femtosecond pulses in an optical fiber under conditions of second harmonic generation

A soliton-like mode of double-frequency propagation of femtosecond pulses during second harmonic generation (SHG) in optical fibers is predicted on the basis of computer simulation. The essence of this mode is that, under certain conditions, the central part of the pulses of both the fundamental and the second harmonic waves propagate without a change in the intensity of either wave. This mode can be realized by either of two schemes of the SHG process. In the first scheme, the second harmonic enters a nonlinear medium with some definite input amplitude and definite phase shift with respect to the fundamental wave. In the other scheme, the second harmonic has a zero input amplitude and a phase shift is introduced into the interacting waves in particular cross sections of the medium.     

Computing for second harmonic generation in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals

A numerical study of second harmonic generation (SHG) in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals based on full nonlinear system of equations, implemented by a combination of the method of finite elements and fixed-point iterations, is reported. This model is derived from a nonlinear system of Maxwell’s equations, which partly overcomes the known shortcoming of some existing models relied on the undepleted-pump approximation. We derive a general solution of SHG in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals structures. The convergence of our method is fast. Numerical simulations also show the conversion efficiency of SHG can be significantly enhanced when the frequencies of the fundamental wave are located at the photonic band edges or are assigned to the designed defect states.     

稳定高质量光参量啁啾脉冲放大系统优化设计

要实现光参量啁啾脉冲放大(OPCPA)系统稳定、高质量输出,需要同时对光参量放大和泵浦光倍频这两个非线性过程进行优化设计。在光参量放大系统优化设计中,建立了描述光参量放大过程的多种简化物理模型;通过模拟泵浦光和信号光口径匹配关系,分析了放大信号光空间两维对称性并提出了优化方法;建立了非线性晶体最佳长度确定及调谐方法,以实现信号光输出高稳定性。在泵浦光倍频系统优化设计过程中,提出应用位相失配法实现稳定倍频输出,研究表明这种方法不仅能实现倍频光能量起伏抖动远远小于基频光能量的起伏抖动,而且能减小泵浦光近场调制度和时间波形调制,极大地改善输出倍频光光束质量,进而提高OPCPA系统输出信号光质量。     

Second harmonic generation of propagating collective excitations in Bose－Einstein condensates

We consider a possible second harmonic generation (SHG) of propagating collective excitations in a two-component Bose－Einstein condensate (BEC) with repulsive atom－atom interactions. We show that the phase-matching condition for the SHG can be fulfilled if the wave vectors and frequencies of the excitations are chosen adequately from different dispersion branches. We solve the nonlinear amplitude equations for the SHG derived using a method of multiple-scales and provide SHG solutions similar to those obtained for a SHG in nonlinear optical media. A possible experimental realization of the SHG for the propagating collective modes in a cigar-shaped two-component BEC is also discussed.     

Review on second-harmonic generation of ultrasonic guided waves in solid media (I):Theoretical analyses

Considering the high sensitivity of the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement technique and great advantages of the guided wave testing method, the use of nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves provides a promising means for evaluating and characterizing the hidden and/or inaccessible damage/degradation in solid media. Increasing attention on the development of the testing method based on nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves is largely attributed to the theoretical advances of nonlinear guided waves propagation in solid media. One of the typical acoustic nonlinear responses is the generation of second harmonics that can be used to effectively evaluate damage/degradation in materials/structures. In this paper, the theoretical progress of second-harmonic generation (SHG) of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in solid media is reviewed. The advances and developments of theoretical investigations on the effect of SHG of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in different structures are addressed. Some obscure understandings and the ideas in dispute are also discussed.     

Review on second-harmonic generation of ultrasonic guided waves in solid media(Ⅰ): Theoretical analyses

Considering the high sensitivity of the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement technique and great advantages of the guided wave testing method, the use of nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves provides a promising means for evaluating and characterizing the hidden and/or inaccessible damage/degradation in solid media. Increasing attention on the development of the testing method based on nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves is largely attributed to the theoretical advances of nonlinear guided waves propagation in solid media. One of the typical acoustic nonlinear responses is the generation of second harmonics that can be used to effectively evaluate damage/degradation in materials/structures. In this paper, the theoretical progress of second-harmonic generation(SHG) of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in solid media is reviewed. The advances and developments of theoretical investigations on the effect of SHG of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in different structures are addressed. Some obscure understandings and the ideas in dispute are also discussed.     

类石墨烯结构二维层状碳化硅的非线性二次谐波特性的第一性原理研究

二维层状碳化硅（two-dimensional layered silicon carbide,2d-SiC）是一种类石墨烯结构的半导体,在非线性光学频率转换上具有潜在的应用.本文基于第一性原理高精度全电子势线性缀加平面波结合态求和方法研究了层叠和拉伸下类石墨烯2d-SiC结构的非线性二次谐波系数.非线性过程物理源分析表明,三带项构成的单粒子跃迁过程是2d-SiC结构的二次谐波过程的主要微观跃迁机制,电子的带间运动显著受到带内运动的调谐,π电子离域带对非线性过程有重要贡献.理论上给出了2d-SiC结构的二次谐波系数的角度依赖,为实验研究提供理论参考.拉伸可导致不同频率的二次谐波增强.     

Correction of walk-off-induced wavefront distortion for continuous-wave laser

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the wave front distortion in critically phase-matched continuous-wave (CW) second harmonic generation (SHG). Due to the walk-off effect in the nonlinear crystal, the generated second harmonic is extremely elliptical and quite non-Gaussian, which causes a very low matching and coupling efficiency in experiment. Cylindrical lenses and walk-off compensating crystals are adopted to correct distorted wave fronts, and obtain a good TEM₀₀ mode efficiently. Theoretically, we simulate the correction effect of 266-nm laser generated with SHG. The experiment results accord well with the theoretical simulation and an above 80% TEM₀₀ component is obtained for 266-nm continuous-wave laser with a 4.8°-walk-off angle in beta barium borate (BBO) crystal.     

Voigt位型下电介质/反铁磁/电介质结构二次谐波生成非倒易性研究

利用非线性传递矩阵方法研究了Voigt位型下电介质/反铁磁/电介质 结构二次谐波生成的非倒易性. 研究发现外加静磁场反向和电介质层排序翻转均对二次谐波输出产生影响, 出现了二次谐波生成的非倒易性. 二次谐波生成非倒易性频率区域在反铁磁共振区, 此区间正处于THz频段. 随着入射角度的增加, 非倒易性的效果越来越明显. 研究二次谐波生成的非倒易性, 可为反铁磁器件的设计加工提供理论支持.     

一维非线性声波传播特性

针对一维非线性声波的传播问题进行了有限元仿真和实验研究. 首先推导了一维非线性声波方程的有限元形式, 含有高阶矩阵的非线性项导致声波具有波形畸变、谐波滋生、基频信号能量向高次谐波传递等非线性特性. 编制有限元程序对一维非线性声波进行了计算并对仿真得到的畸变非线性声波信号进行处理, 分析其传播性质和物理意义. 为验证有限元计算结果, 开展了水中的非线性声波传播的实验研究, 得到了不同输入信号幅度激励下和不同传播距离的畸变非线性声波信号. 然后对基波和二次谐波的传播性质进行详细讨论, 分析了二次谐波幅度与传播距离和输入信号幅度的变化关系及其意义, 拟合出二次谐波幅度随传播距离变化的方程并阐述了拟合方程的物理意义. 结果表明, 数值仿真信号及其频谱均与实验结果有较好的一致性, 证实计算方法和结果的正确性, 并提出了具有一定物理意义的二次谐波随传播距离变化的简单数学关系. 最后还对固体中的非线性声波传播性质进行了初步探讨. 本研究工作可为流体介质中的非线性声传播问题提供理论和实验依据.     

Enhancement of the second harmonic generation from monolayer WS2 coupled with a silica microsphere

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are widely used for integrated optical and photoelectric devices. Owing to their broken inversion symmetry, monolayer TMDs have a large second-order optical nonlinearity. However, the optical second-order nonlinear conversion efficiency of monolayer TMDs is still limited by the interaction length. In this work, we theoretically study the second harmonic generation (SHG) from monolayer tungsten sulfide (WS₂) enhanced by a silica microsphere cavity. By tuning the position, size, and crystal orientation of the material, second-order nonlinear coupling can occur between the fundamental pump mode and different second harmonic cavity modes, and we obtain an optimal SHG conversion efficiency with orders of magnitude enhancement. Our work demonstrates that the microsphere cavity can significantly enhance SHG from monolayer 2D materials under flexible conditions.     

非线性声波方程二次谐波高阶近似解及实验验证

非线性声波方程的传统二次谐波二阶近似解不够精确,对测量材料的非线性系数造成较大误差.利用摄动法展开非线性声波方程得到一系列非齐次偏微分方程,根据低阶解的性质拟定高阶特解的形式,通过符号计算求出高次谐波特解,对所有二次谐波成分求和最终获得二次谐波的高阶近似解.在水中开展非线性声学实验验证高阶近似解,结果表明:二次谐波相对...     

应用级联倍频方法提高倍频系统输出稳定性研究

提出应用级联倍频方法提高倍频系统输出稳定性,并就该方法的有效性进行了理论分析和模拟计算.分析和计算结果不但证明级联倍频方法能实现倍频系统稳定输出,而且还表明可以通过仔细调节第一块倍频晶体中波矢方向 k 与光轴间夹角、两块倍频晶体间的间隔,能调节改变实现倍频系统最稳输出时所需第二块晶体的理论计算长度,使之与第二块倍频晶体的实际加工长度一致,最终实现系统稳定倍频输出.级联倍频方法在实现高输出稳定性的同时能实现高的倍频转换效率,对应用于光参量啁啾脉冲放大系统的高稳定抽运源系统的设计建造具有重要参考意义. 关键词： 级联倍频 稳定倍频输出 光参量啁啾脉冲放大     

1560 nm连续光半导体激光器经PPLN倍频及经铷吸收光谱稳频

将激光器锁定到合适的参考频率上,可以有效地改变激光器的频率稳定性。1560 nm的分布反馈式半导体激光器,可以通过倍频锁定于铷原子吸收线上。实验中我们利用PPLN准位相匹配晶体进行倍频,当输入光为1.6 W时可以获得25 mW的倍频光,非线性转换系数为0.96%/W。我们还将激光器的频率锁定于Rb原子的吸收线上,30 s内剩余频率起伏约为±3.5 MHz。     

Second order optical susceptibilities in alkali halide crystals due to FA color centers

This paper presents the first calculation of the second order optical nonlinearity of the F_A color center for second harmonic generation (SHG) in KCl:Li crystals. The real and imaginary components of the nonlinear susceptibility evaluated over a wide spectral range enclosing the resonance region of the center show interesting feature. Second harmonics generation and three wave mixing processes are nonlinear optical effects based on the second order susceptibility of materials and are very effective in providing laser radiation over a wide range of wavelengths. The density matrix formalism is employed and the equation of motion is solved by second order perturbation to evaluate the nonlinear susceptibility for SHG. It is found that the system shows large resonance-enhanced second order susceptibilities for color center concentration of 10²³ m⁻³. A scheme of phase matching in terms of anomalous dispersion of the centers is discussed.     

位相畸变激光束的谐波转换

首次在理论上研究了位相畸变激光束的谐波转换，从波动方程出发，应用空间频谱方法处理位相畸变光束的非线性耦合问题，建立了适用于位相畸变且空间光强不均匀光束的谐波转换的理论模型。     

Numerical Perspective of Second-Harmonic Generation of Circumferential Guided Wave Propagation in a Circular Tube

The effect of second-harmonic generation(SHG) by primary(fundamental) circumferential guided wave(CGW)propagation is investigated from a numerical standpoint.To enable that the second harmonic of the primary CGW mode can accumulate along the circumferential direction,an appropriate mode pair of primary and double frequency CGWs is chosen.Finite element simulations and evaluations of nonlinear CGW propagation are analyzed for the selected CGW mode pair.The numerical simulations performed directly demonstrate that the response of SHG is completely generated by the desired primary CGW mode that satisfies the condition of phase velocity matching at a specific driving frequency,and that the second harmonic of the primary CGW mode does have a cumulative effect with circumferential angles.The numerical perspective obtained yields an insight into the complicated physical process of SHG of primary CGW propagation unavailable previously.     

Imaging theory of nonlinear second harmonic and third harmonic generations in confocal microscopy

ItisreportedrecentlythatnonlinearopticalphenomenonofSHGandTHGhasbeenobservedinmanybiologicaltissues[16].SHGandTHGhavebeenusedtoperformthethree-dimensionalimaginginlivingtissuesandhaveattractedmuchattentionrecently.TherearemanyadvantagesofusingSHGandTHGtoperformthethree-dimensionalimaginginlivingtissues,suchasnoninvasiveandnophotobleaching,inadditiontotheimagingpropertiesofmulti-photonfluorescenceimaging[7—9].Firstly,unlikeinthesingle-andmulti-photonfluorescenceprocesses,onlyvirtualstat…