超短光脉冲在双折射光子晶体光纤中产生超连续谱的偏振特性数值分析

采用矢量耦合非线性薛定谔方程描述了超短光脉冲在双折射光子晶体光纤中的传输过程,并利用分步傅里叶方法求解该方程。数值模拟了中心波长为1550nm的超短光脉冲在不同色散参量的双折射光子晶体光纤中超连续谱的产生及其偏振特性。分析了光纤在不同色散区时,高阶色散和非线性效应对超连续谱及其偏振态的影响。结果表明,当超短光脉冲波长位于近光纤零色散点的反常色散区时,比其在光纤正常色散区和远离光纤零色散点的反常色散区更容易产生宽且平坦的超连续谱,所得到的光谱显示出了复杂的偏振态特性。     

Sub-5-ps, multimegawatt peak-power pulses from a fiber-amplified and optically compressed passively Q-switched microchip laser

We report on high-energy picosecond pulse generation from a passively Q-switched and fiber-amplified microchip laser system. Initially, the utilized microchip lasers produce pulses with durations of around 100 ps at 1064 nm central wavelength. These pulses are amplified to energies exceeding 100 μJ, simultaneously chirped and spectrally broadened by self-phase modulation using a double stage amplifier based on single-mode LMA photonic crystal fibers at repetition rates of up to 1 MHz. Subsequently, the pulse duration of chirped pulses is reduced by means of nonlinear pulse compression to durations of 2.7 ps employing a conventional grating compressor and 4.7 ps using a compact compressor based on a chirped volume Bragg grating.     

All fiber supercontinuum light source using photonic crystal fibers pumped by nanosecond fiber laser pulses

A novel compact supercontinuum (SC) source using the single mode photonic crystal fibers (PCF) pumped with an all fiber MOPA fiber laser is demonstrated experimentally. A bandwidth of 700 nm is achieved by operating the pumping fiber laser at a wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse duration of 10 ns, repetition rate of 50 kHz and peak power of 1 kW. The SC generation is initiated through modulation instability (MI) which breakups the nanosecond pump pulses into picosecond or femtosecond pulses, and further broadened through nonlinear effects of PCF.     

光子晶体光纤飞秒激光非线性放大系统的耦合动力学过程研究

构建了掺镱大模场面积单偏振光子晶体光纤飞秒激光非线性放大系统. 讨论了腔内净色散量和抽运功率对振荡级输出参数的影响和振荡级参数对放大级输出参数的影响. 在本实验条件下, 当腔内净色散量取较大负色散时, 振荡级直接输出的脉冲更宽, 且携带更少的啁啾. 当振荡级抽运4.53 W时, 选择最接近变换极限的脉冲作为种子脉冲, 放大级在60 W抽运时输出压缩后无基底的短脉冲, 宽度为45.7 fs, 平均功率28 W. 振荡级抽运功率增加到5.08 W, 放大级抽运70 W时, 获得最高输出功率34.5 W, 对应脉宽53.5 fs.     

不同零色散点光子晶体光纤的超连续谱产生

本文实验研究了飞秒脉冲在不同零色散点光子晶体光纤中传输时产生超连续谱的现象。首先,我们通过非线性薛定谔方程理论计算了激光脉冲分别在正、负色散光子晶体光纤中传输时产生的超连续谱;计算结果表明在正色散光子晶体光纤产生的超连续谱远远大于在负色散中产生的超连续谱。其次,在实验上采用零色散点分别为800 nm、1 060 nm和2 000 nm的光子晶体光纤,将脉宽为130 fs,中心波长800 nm,脉冲重复频率为80 MHz的脉冲输入这些光纤中产生超连续谱并研究其特性,实验结果表明光子晶体光纤的零色散点越小,在其中产生的超连续谱越宽越平坦。同时产生的超连续谱也与激光脉冲的能量和中心波长相关。     

Linear effect of doubling of the laser pulse repetition rate in the laue geometry of bragg diffraction in a photonic crystal

It has been theoretically shown that, during Bragg diffraction of a picosecond laser pulse in the Laue geometry in a linear photonic crystal, the pulse, entering the crystal structure, may be split into two transmitted and two diffracted pulses. The time interval between these pulses can be controlled by varying the crystal thickness and the modulation depth of the refractive index.     

超短激光脉冲在不同色散参量光子晶体光纤中传输的数值模拟

为了使得数值模拟更为精确,采用广义非线性薛定谔方程(GNSE)描述超短激光脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的传输演化过程,并利用二阶分步傅里叶方法通过求解方程,数值计算了相同脉宽和能量的超短脉冲在不同色散参量的光子晶体光纤中非线性传输和超连续谱的产生。比较了超短脉冲在光纤不同色散区传输时,高阶色散和非线性效应对超连续谱的产生以及对脉冲波形演化的影响。结果表明,相对于超短脉冲中心波长位于光子晶体光纤的正常和反常色散区,可以相应获得短波波段和长波波段的超连续谱输出,当超短脉冲中心波长位于零色散波长点时,通过色散和非线性效应的联合作用,更易于产生全波长段的平坦超连续谱。     

High-energy femtosecond photonic crystal fiber laser

We report the generation of high-energy high-peak power pulses in an all-normal dispersion fiber laser featuring large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers. The self-starting chirped-pulse fiber oscillator delivers 11 W of average power at 15.5 MHz repetition rate, resulting in 710 nJ of pulse energy. The output pulses are dechirped outside the cavity from 7 ps to nearly transform-limited duration of 300 fs, leading to pulse peak powers as high as 1.9 MW. Numerical simulations reveal that pulse shaping is dominated by the amplitude modulation and spectral filtering provided by a resonant semiconductor saturable absorber.     

新型全光纤高能量飞秒光脉冲源的数值模拟

数值模拟了自相似脉冲的产生与压缩,得到一种产生高能量飞秒光脉冲的新方法.结果表明:利用掺铒光纤对光脉冲进行自相似传输,可得到含线性频率啁啾的高能量自相似光脉冲;自相似光脉冲经过空芯光子带隙光纤的一级线性压缩和高非线性光纤的二级非线性压缩,可获得高峰值功率的飞秒光脉冲;压缩过程中存在最佳光纤长度;喇曼自频移和自陡效应对脉冲压缩产生不利影响.     

Actively shaped supercontinuum from a photonic crystal fiber for nonlinear coherent microspectroscopy

The combination of broadband pulses from a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) pumped by a standard 100 fs oscillator and pulse shaping is successfully employed for coherently controlled nonlinear spectroscopy. The pulse shaper manages not only to compress the PCF supercontinuum in a closed-loop optimization scheme but also to manipulate the phase at the same time for quantum control applications. This approach is demonstrated by single-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman microspectroscopy and should be, due to its simplicity, well suited for general applications in nonlinear microscopy.     

基于低非线性系数光子晶体光纤的全光纤高效超连续谱光源

 报道了一种基于低非线性系数光子晶体光纤的全光纤高效率超连续谱产生系统。将光纤锁模激光器输出的脉宽5 ps、重复频率20 MHz、平均功率50 mW的脉冲,输入到15 μm的大模场光纤中进行放大,通过与两级芯径较小的短光纤模场匹配缩小输出的模场直径后,输入到20 m低非线性系数的光子晶体光纤,获得的超连续谱波长覆盖范围宽于650～1 700 nm。输入光子晶体光纤的泵浦光功率为740 mW,输出超连续光功率为670 mW,转换效率大于90%。实验研究了超连续光谱展宽的过程,从理论上进行了分析解释。     

Modeling the terahertz radiation generation process,obtained by filtration of spectral supercontinuum,formed during propagation of femtosecond laser pulse in GaAs crystal

We present the results of theoretical studies of the process of generation of terahertz radiation arising via interaction of few-cycle laser pulses propagating in an isotropic nonlinear medium. Numerical time-integration, by the finite-difference method, of the system of nonlinear Maxwell equations has been performed. We consider the interaction of mutually-orthogonal linearly polarized pulses, both having the central wavelength of 1.98 μm, durations of 30 fs, and the energies of 30 nJ, propagating along the normal to the 〈110〉 plane in a 1 mm-thickness GaAs crystal. In the nonlinear part of the medium polarization the without-inertia nonlinear second-order susceptibility is taken into account. The process of formation of a terahertz pulse arising via spectral filtration of supercontinuum formed in the spectra of pump pulses at the output of nonlinear crystal is studied. The dependences of both the current frequency of the pump pulses on time for different lengths of nonlinear crystal and of pump pulse durations on the crystal length are obtained. Also the dependences of the current frequency of the terahertz pulse on time at different crystal lengths, as well as of the efficiency of generation of terahertz radiation on the length of nonlinear crystal and on the energy of pump pulses are obtained.     

Highly noninstantaneous solitons in liquid-core photonic crystal fibers

The nonlinear propagation of pulses in liquid-filled photonic crystal fibers is considered. Because of the slow reorientational nonlinearity of some molecular liquids, the nonlinear modes propagating inside such structures can be approximated, for pulse durations much shorter than the molecular relaxation time, by temporally highly nonlocal solitons, analytical solutions of a linear Schr?dinger equation. The physical relevance of these novel solitons is discussed.     

Broadly wavelength- and pulse width-tunable high-repetition rate light pulses from soliton self-frequency shifting photonic crystal fiber integrated with a frequency doubling crystal

Soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) pumped by a long-cavity mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser is integrated with second harmonic generation (SHG) in a nonlinear crystal to generate ultrashort light pulses tunable within the range of wavelengths from 680 to 1800?nm at a repetition rate of 20?MHz. The pulse width of the second harmonic output is tuned from 70 to 600?fs by varying the thickness of the nonlinear crystal, beam-focusing geometry, and the wavelength of the soliton PCF output. Wavelength-tunable pulses generated through a combination of SSFS and SHG are ideally suited for coherent Raman microspectroscopy at high repetition rates, as verified by experiments on synthetic diamond and polystyrene films.     

光子晶体光纤中自相位调制效应对超高斯脉冲传输的影响

为了研究光子晶体光纤的微结构对其非线性光传输特性的影响,利用超格子法和光子晶体光纤中的光传输方程,计算了光子晶体光纤中的高斯光脉冲和超高斯脉冲的自相位调制谱.计算结果表明：高斯光脉冲和超高斯光脉冲的高频端比低频端均有较大的频谱展宽,而高斯光脉冲的频谱比超高斯光脉冲的频谱具有更大的中心峰值;超高斯光脉冲较高斯光脉冲有较广的频谱范围,它们的自相位调制展宽范围均随着传输距离的增加而增大.这些现象均可以利用自陡峭效应的理论加以解释.与传统光纤相比,高斯光脉冲在传统光纤中所受自相位调制效应的影响较小.     

Analysis of femtosecond optical pulse propagation in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals using finite-difference time-domain method

In this paper, we have used the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to analyze the optical pulse propagation in a nonlinear, one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC). Hyperbolic secant pulses with various carrier wavelengths are utilized in this study. In a nonlinear regime, a 1DPC introduces a photonic band-gap whose central wavelength and width depend on the input pulse intensity. In the present work, three different cases are considered. These correspond to the carrier wavelengths of the incident pulses being out of, near to, and partially in the band-gap. For each case, the effect of nonlinearity on pulse propagation is investigated. Also, we have analyzed the two-frequency regime, in which each of the two pulses has a different carrier frequency (wavelength). This kind of study can be done directly with FDTD without any further computational burden but it is somewhat complicated using nonlinear coupled-mode equations (NLCME) and nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), which require separate treatments for each carrier wavelength.     

Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers made from highly nonlinear glasses

The nonlinear propagation of femtosecond pulses and supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers made from glasses with high nonlinear refractive indices are theoretically investigated without the use of the slowly varying envelope approximation. For specifically designed photonic crystal fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths, we predict supercontinuum generation due to nonsolitonic radiation emitted by the solitons on the shorter- and on the longer-wavelength sides. The physical mechanism and the peculiarities of such radiation on both spectral sides are studied and explained by the specific phase-matching relations between the solitons and their associated radiation.     

Spectral compression of femtosecond pulses in photonic crystal fibers

We demonstrate efficient spectral compression of femtosecond pulses near the zero-dispersion wavelength in nonlinear photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The highest measured compression factor is 21, in which case the spectral brightness increases by a factor of 5. We numerically model the pulse propagation and find good agreement with the experiment. We argue that the fibers studied allow for spectral narrowing of more than 2 orders of magnitude. With dispersion-shifted PCFs, efficient spectral compression can take place across the visible and near-infrared part of the spectrum.     

PPLN晶体差频测量飞秒激光脉冲的载波包络相移

在飞秒激光频率梳系统中，通常采用自参考技术测量飞秒激光脉冲的载波包络相移，但该技术需要采用光子晶体光纤进行光谱扩展从而增加了系统的不稳定性，这种技术已经制约了高稳定度的飞秒激光频率梳的发展.采用PPLN晶体差频法测量了宽谱钛宝石振荡器输出的7fs激光脉冲的载波包络频移，得到了大于30dB的拍频信号，为研制无光纤的新一代高稳定度光学频率梳奠定了基础.     

光子晶体光纤四波混频光谱中相位匹配特性的研究

与传统光纤不同,光子晶体光纤可以具有多个零色散波长,在四波混频光谱中,具有更丰富的相位匹配特性。目前很多文献报道了光子晶体光纤非线性光学特性的实验结果,但对其产生机理及光谱的变化规律缺乏详细的理论分析。为此对光纤中四波混频原理进行了分析,给出了高增益的相位匹配条件。利用多极法计算了光子晶体光纤的非线性系数及色散特性。对具有多个零色散波长光子晶体光纤的相位失配特性进行了分析,得到了相位匹配波长随泵浦波长及泵浦功率的变化规律。给出了相位匹配曲线,分析了不同色散曲线的相位匹配波长特点,两个零色散波长光子晶体光纤,在四波混频光谱中将激发出四个新的波长。实验得到了两个零色散波长光子晶体光纤的四波混频光谱,与理论分析一致,验证了相位匹配理论的可靠性。多个零色散波长光纤,能产生丰富的相位匹配曲线,会出现更多的四波混频波长,可以有效的控制光孤子及超短脉冲的四波混频及共振散射产生的光谱特性。为光子晶体光纤中基于四波混频的波长变换及超连续谱的研究提供了理论指导。