激光指示器光轴调校技术

利用反射式光学系统对激光指示器的光轴进行了调校。提出了激光指示器及观瞄装置的光轴校正方案,并建立了调校装置。该装置由离轴抛物面反射镜、十字靶标、背景光源、图像采集装置及其它附件组成。对调校装置的测量精度进行了标定和计算。结果表明,该装置的测量精度可达到0.05mrad。利用该装置对激光指示器的光轴进行了调校,并给出了系统示意图和测试效果。     

LNG调峰装置工艺技术及对比研究

介绍了某燃气公司LNG调峰装置的工艺流程,着重对LNG调峰装置在天然气预处理、液化、制冷循环方面进行了详细说明,并与国内已建成LNG装置的液化工艺进行了对比,分析了各个液化工艺的特点和适用范围,提出了基本负荷型天然气液化装置和调峰型天然气液化装置工艺流程的选择原则,为以后LNG装置的建设和发展提供了技术参考.     

小型天然气液化装置研究进展和关键问题

介绍了小型天然气液化装置的特点,概括和分析了国内报道的国内外小型天然气液化装置,分析了小型天然气液化装置研究的一些关键问题。指出小型天然气液化装置的研究是一项系统工程,主要涉及到三方面的内容,即液化流程设计和模拟、液化设备设计和选型、液化装置调试和整改,并对这三方面进行了深入分析,认为针对小型天然气液化装置的低温理论和技术的发展将提高小型天然气液化装置的效能。在进行小型天然气液化装置的研制时应立足于使设计的小型天然气液化装置国产化,取得自主知识产权,力求形成商业化规模。     

热核聚变装置“贝加尔”概念设计

贝加尔（Baikal）装置是当今世界上在建的最大的脉冲功率驱动热核聚变和高能量密度研究装置,从最初建造贝加尔装置概念的提出,其技术路线和主要参数经历了一系列的发展和演变过程。综合介绍了贝加尔装置概念设计提出的历史背景、发展演变过程和目前的研究进展,描述了贝加尔装置的主体性能和技术路线,着重分析了装置主要部件的结构和性能参数。     

舰船隔振装置技术及其进展

隔振装置是降低舰船机械噪声最重要的技术之一,目前已有大量文献对舰船隔振装置技术进行了研究,但系统、全面地论述其技术特点、应用和进展,尤其是我国在该领域进展的文献相当缺乏。针对已应用并取得成效的舰船隔振装置技术,首先概述了其发展历程,分析了单层隔振装置、双层隔振装置、浮筏双层隔振装置和气囊隔振装置的技术特点;然后介绍了近年来该领域的进展,包括智能气囊隔振装置、推进动力系统新型隔振装置、主被动混合隔振装置、推力轴承隔振装置等;最后对隔振装置技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。通过系统地总结梳理,较完整地呈现了舰船隔振装置技术发展概况,可供舰船减振降噪研究和工程设计人员参考。      

低能电子散射诱导荧光研究装置的设计

完成了低能电子散射导致的分子及其解离碎片的荧光研究装置的设计。此装置可用于研究荧光寿命、激发函数、电子能量损失谱和分子解离过程。与其它国外研究装置相比,该装置具有综合性并增加了平行板能量分析器,因而拓宽了该类装置的研究范围。     

一种新型PV/T/D透明盖板的实验研究

设计了一种可调控亮度的光伏-热通风装置,介绍了装置的结构及工作原理。本装置能够对进入室内的光线实现调节,中午进光量被减弱,而在早晚通过率增加.同时,该装置还能得到部分电力,实现太阳能的电力转化。在实际天气条件下,对装置的性能进行了实验测试,测试了盖板光线透过率随时间的变化,并测试了装置得热量随当日太阳辐照量及当地时间的变化关系.结果表明:装置对空气的加热功率变化趋势与辐照度的变化趋势接近,整个装置在中午时热量利用率最高,可达70%以上.     

污垢热阻动态模拟自动监测装置及其应用

根据传热学基本原理,建立了污垢热阻动态监测模型,并据以开发了可以实时自动测量动态污垢热阻或阻垢率的实验装置。并用该装置评价了几种电磁水处理器的除垢效果。测量结果表明该装置的实用性。本文介绍了该装置的基本原理,主要结构、功能及其对电磁式水处理器的监测结果及该装置的应用前景。     

空气制水装置的性能研究

空气制水装置能够解决饮用水短缺问题,满足人们对健康饮用水的需求。国内关于空气制水装置的研究处于起步阶段,制水装置存在能耗高、出水量小等问题。针对这些问题,对提高出水量方法进行了研究,搭建了变风量空气制水装置实验台,介绍了实验过程和实验原理。通过对实验研究和模拟计算结果的分析讨论,论述了影响空气制水装置性能的主要因素之间的关系,建立了预测空气制水装置实际出水量的理论模型。它可以作为空气制水装置设计和性能优化的依据。     

堆内黄玉改色装置设计

研制了一种适用于板状燃料堆芯的黄玉改色装置，并对辐照装置的物理安全特性及结构安全特性进行了分析。利用CFD多孔介质模型，获得了改色装置的流场和温度场，确定了功率限制因素，并对装置进行了优化，增强了中子选择材料的冷却能力，结果表明，优化后可在额定功率下进行黄玉改色试验。开展了改色装置的堆外水力学特性实验及冲刷试验，装置工作压差附近的流量试验数据与理论模拟结果差别为-3.6%~1.9%，二者一致，冲刷试验表明，装置对黄玉残渣有很强的包容、收集效果，不会导致燃料元件流道堵塞。     

精密气动液压伺服系统用于傅里叶变换光谱仪光谱测量

讨论了傅里叶变换光谱仪动镜稳定平移的重要性,研制了以高压无氧氮气为动力源的精密气动液压系统用于推进在研傅里叶变换光谱仪“猫眼”动镜系统,并在此基础之上测量了ＺＹＧＯ干涉仪光源光谱图。     

THz干涉测量用于障碍物后振动传感的研究

为探索THz干涉技术用于障碍物后振动传感的可行性,采用工作波长214.58 μm （对应频率约1.4 THz）的CO2激光器泵浦气体太赫兹源搭建了一套基于迈克尔逊干涉仪结构的THz干涉测量装置,实验研究了薄纸板遮挡后敲击目标镜产生的微小振动,利用相位分析法和频谱分析法对振动干涉信号进行处理,得到了振动位移随时间的变化以及不同时段振动频率的分布情况,测得的峰峰值振幅最小为7.98 μm,最大为17.54 μm,振动峰值速度为2.7 mm/s,振动频率最小21 Hz,最大58 Hz.研究结果表明THz干涉测量技术能有效克服传统振动传感技术无法穿透障碍物的缺点,是一种简便有效的障碍物后振动传感的新型手段,预示了THz技术在振动检测相关领域的广阔应用前景.     

Miniaturized time-scanning Fourier transform spectrometer based on silicon technology

We present a miniaturized Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) based on optical microelectromechanical system technology. The FTS is a Michelson interferometer with one scanning mirror. A new type of electrostatic comb drive actuator moves the mirror. We have measured a nonlinearity of the driving system of +/-0.5 mum for a displacement of 38.5 mum . A method is presented to correct the spectrum to get rid of the nonlinearity. The driving reproducibility is +/-25 nm. The measured resolution of the spectrometer after the phase correction is 6 nm at a wavelength of 633 nm.     

THE EFFECT OF ROTATION UPON THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A MASS-SPRING SYSTEM

When a mass-spring system vibrates it does so with frequencies characteristic of the system. If the system as a whole now undergoes a rotational motion then these characteristic frequencies will change from their non-rotational values. It is the purpose of this paper to show how these changes may be calculated for a specified system and, in particular, to investigate the role in these changes of both the system and the rotational parameters. A system of N masses linked sequentially by springs in tension is allowed to vibrate about an equilibrium configuration both radially and transversely upon a smooth turntable. If the turntable is stationary then the radial and transverse vibrations are independent of each other, provided the amplitudes of vibration are sufficiently small. There are then N natural frequencies of vibration for each mode. However, when the turntable rotates then the Coriolis effects give rise to an interaction between the two modes of vibration, and there are now 2 N natural frequencies for the combined vibrations. If the rate of rotation is “small” then the two modes are almost separated and it is possible to discuss the “essentially radial” or “essentially transverse” mode of vibration each of which has N natural frequencies. It is these natural frequencies which are considered in this work, in particular their dependence upon the rotation rate and upon the tension in the springs (when in the static configuration). In a previous paper, it was shown that if only radial vibrations are allowed (by admitting say a guide rail) then all the natural frequencies decrease, with increasing rotation rate, from their static values. It is shown that the opposite is the case here in that the “essentially radial” natural frequencies increase with increasing rotation rate. This is due to the Coriolis interaction with the transverse vibrations. The “essentially transverse” frequencies are also found and the nature of their dependence discussed. Also included in the analysis is the effect on the frequencies of the (weak) coupling between the motion of the masses and the rotation of the turntable as a consequence of the conservation of angular momentum. In addition to treating N being finite the limiting case of an infinite number of masses is considered to determine the natural frequencies of vibration of a continuous stretched string undergoing rotation.     

Real time out-of-plane vibration measurement/monitoring using Talbot interferometry

In the present paper, application of Talbot interferometry for real-time vibration measurement is investigated. Experiments were conducted to measure/monitor out-of-plane motion of a vibrating loudspeaker membrane. Experimental results demonstrate that by using Talbot interferometry out-of-plane vibrations as well as phase lag between driving force and membrane oscillation can be measured.     

大口径相机主镜/次镜结构动力减振的研究

本文对大口径相机结构次镜相对主镜的振动进行了分析,并提出了次镜动力减振的减振方式,且对动力减振系统进行了分析。最后对某相机的动力减振结构进行了优化设计,并计算了一定冲击激励下原结构与带动力减振结构的响应时间历程。结果表明动力减振具有一定的减振效果,对相机高成象质量的保证具有一定的应用意义.     

高速扫描相机时间测量不确定度分析

以国内普遍使用的SJZ-30型高速扫描相机为例,用精测转速方法的结果处理数据,转速测量相对合成不确定度小于0.1%,时间间隔测量的相对扩展不确定度为0.2%.扫描速度在像面上的位置误差,采用"中值扫描速度",可予以校正.同时讨论了进一步降低转速测量不确定度和位置误差的方法.     

用激光扫描法演示简谐振动图像

针对传统探究简谐振动图像的实验存在的不足,重新设计了实验装置,该装置利用半导体激光为光源,巧妙地将竖直方向的简谐振动和水平方的往复运动进行合成得到了简谐振动图像。通过观察屏幕上光点振动展开后形成的正弦(或余弦)曲线的全过程,可方便学生更好地理解简谐振动图像的形成原理。     

SOME ASPECTS OF THE INVESTIGATION OF RANDOM VIBRATION INFLUENCE ON RIDE COMFORT

Contemporary vehicles must satisfy high ride comfort criteria. This paper attempts to develop criteria for ride comfort improvement. The highest loading levels have been found to be in the vertical direction and the lowest in lateral direction in passenger cars and trucks. These results have formed the basis for further laboratory and field investigations. An investigation of the human body behaviour under random vibrations is reported in this paper. The research included two phases; biodynamic research and ride comfort investigation. A group of 30 subjects was tested. The influence of broadband random vibrations on the human body was examined through the seat-to-head transmissibility function (STHT). Initially, vertical and fore and aft vibrations were considered. Multi-directional vibration was also investigated. In the biodynamic research, subjects were exposed to 0·55, 1·75 and 2·25 m/s² r.m.s. vibration levels in the 0·5- 40 Hz frequency domain. The influence of sitting position on human body behaviour under two axial vibrations was also examined. Data analysis showed that the human body behaviour under two-directional random vibrations could not be approximated by superposition of one-directional random vibrations. Non-linearity of the seated human body in the vertical and fore and aft directions was observed. Seat-backrest angle also influenced STHT. In the second phase of experimental research, a new method for the assessment of the influence of narrowband random vibration on the human body was formulated and tested. It included determination of equivalent comfort curves in the vertical and fore and aft directions under one- and two-directional narrowband random vibrations. Equivalent comfort curves for durations of 2·5, 4 and 8 h were determined.     

成像光谱仪扫描镜运动准确度测量

扫描镜的运动准确度直接影响成像光谱仪对地运动补偿效果,为此研制了一套扫描镜运动准确度测试设备对其进行测量.首先分析了扫描镜的运动补偿原理,从理论上给出了运动补偿曲线;随后以15 m地面像元分辨率和系统调制传递函数下降2%作为依据分别确定了扫描镜的位置和速度准确度要求,列出了扫描镜运动补偿倍数与相对转速误差的关系.基于检定设备1/3法则提出了扫描镜运动准确度测试设备技术指标要求,接着以0.8″绝对式光电编码器为核心建立了一套扫描镜运动准确度测试装置,并从测试方法误差和编码器测角误差两方面对测试装置测角和测速准确度进行了详细分析;最后采用研制的测试装置对扫描镜的运动准确度进行了测量试验.试验结果表明扫描镜位置准确度优于3″±1.2″,4倍补偿时速度准确度为5.6%±1.29%,6倍补偿时速度准确度为3.85%±1.29%,满足成像光谱仪对扫描镜运动准确度要求.外场成像图像证明本文提出的扫描镜运动准确度测量方法及设备可用于成像光谱仪扫描镜的性能检测与验收.