气相色谱法测定17种有机磷类农药残留

建立了气相色谱(GC)测定粮谷作物和果蔬作物中17种有机磷类农残的方法。本方法对不同基质样品进行针对性的前处理措施,在充分提取的前提下建立合理的色谱方法,通过程序升温及分组测定的方式,成功避免了临近峰的干扰,使用外标法定量。结果表明,在不同基质中,17种有机磷农残在0.01~0.1 mg/L浓度范围内相关系数均在0.997以上,线性关系良好;在高、中、低三个添加水平下,回收率在80.0%~116.7%,相对标准偏差最高为8.48%;方法检出限在果蔬、粮谷基质中分别为0.0559~0.589μg/Kg、0.0547~0.592μg/Kg。本方法快速高效,在1小时内就可以完成从前处理到得到检测结果整个过程,同时灵敏度、准确度、精密度均符合实际农药残留检测的要求。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果中50种农药残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱测定水果中50种农药残留的分析方法。考察了无缓冲盐体系、乙酸盐缓冲体系和柠檬酸盐缓冲体系提取水果中50种农药的有效性,并对比了乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）吸附剂净化和SinChERS-Nano柱净化两种净化方法。结果表明,存在缓冲盐体系的QuEChERS方法提取效果更好且两种缓冲盐体系无明显差别,最后选择乙酸盐缓冲体系;通过比较净化效果和总离子流色谱图,发现SinChERS-Nano柱净化的效果更好。对50种农药进行加标回收试验,发现甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果、三氯杀螨醇、百菌清这5种农药回收率为71.2~129.2%,其他45种农药的回收率为79.1~122.3%。方法的检出限（LOD）为0.3~3.0 μ g/kg;定量限（LOQ）为1.0~10.0 μ g/kg。该方法适用于柑橘、葡萄等水果中50种农药残留的快速筛查分析。     

多种有机磷农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱分析

从目前的发展看,毛细管气相色谱是唯一能满足多种农药残留量对灵敏度和分离能力要求的分析手段。国外已有一些这方面的研究报告,但国内尚未见有关的报道。我们在这方面进行了研究,采用岛津GC-9A气相色谱仪及其毛细管柱附件,对其载气控制及进样部分进行了改造,建立了一套实用的多种有机磷毛细管气相色谱分析方法,可同时检测水果、蔬菜等低脂肪含量样品中20种以上的有机磷农药残留量,最低N_2检出量为2～20ppb。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定食用植物油中23种农药残留

建立了测定食用植物油中23种农药残留的气相色谱–质谱联用方法。采用固相萃取,以乙腈超声提取,经过PSA,C_(18)柱进行净化,用气相色谱–质谱法测定,外标法定量。23种农药在0.01~1.0 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 3~0.999 7,方法检出限为5~15μg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.25%~9.40%(n=6),加标回收率为78.4%~127.3%,可以满足食用植物油中多种农药残留的同时分析。采用该方法对国内市场常见的食用植物油进行检测分析,所检测的农药残留均在国家标准的限量范围内。     

超性能石英毛细管色谱柱的研制及有机磷农药残留量的分析

采用三种端痉基聚硅氧烷试剂对石英毛细管进行钝化处理，考察了钝化处理的石英毛细管与不同极性固定相的润湿性。在脱活试剂中加入二丁基二月桂酸锡催化剂，降低了钝化反应温度，从而制备出了超性能的石英毛细管色谱柱，在有机磷农药残留量的分析中取得了满意结果。     

柱后光化学反应荧光检测高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中的五种菊酯类农药残留

建立了柱后光化学反应荧光检测高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中菊酯类农药残留的方法。采用Hypersil ODS色谱柱，以乙腈／水为流动相、梯度洗脱进行分离。用自制的光化学反应器作为荧光衍生装置，优化了柱后光化学反应的实验条件，并用于茶叶样品中菊酯类农药残留的测定。方法的检出限为0．012～0．048μg／g(干重)；线性范围0．040～8．0μg／g，相对标准偏差3．4％～6．4％(0．1mg／L，n=8)。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定多种农药残留

文中比较了气相色谱-负化学离子源-质谱法(GC-NCI-MS)与气相色谱-电子轰击离子源-质谱法(GC-EI-MS)分析多种农药残留量方法中的选择离子、质谱图、线性范围、检出限等指标,试验结果表明:GC-NCI-MS质谱图的碎片离子少,线性范围宽,11种农药除二嗪农及o,p'-DDT外,负化学离子源(NCI)的检出限都低于电子轰击离子源(EI)至少一个数量级;同一个样品,GC-NCH-MS的质谱图杂峰更少.若分子中含有易获得电子的基团,NCI源比EI源有更高的灵敏度和选择性.     

凝胶色谱净化-毛细管气相色谱法同时测定蔬菜中23种农药残留

采用乙酸乙酯匀浆提取残留在蔬菜中的农药,过凝胶渗透色谱净化柱,用环己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比1:1)淋洗液以5 mL·min-1的流量洗脱凝胶柱,经淋洗收集并浓缩第85～175 mL流分,用氮磷检测器对蔬菜中23种农药残留同时进行检测.采用三阶程序升温,23种杀虫剂在HP-5毛细管柱上得到较好分离,回收率在75.6%～110.7%之间,相对标准偏差在0.56%～8.26%之间,方法检出限为0.002～0.005 mg·kg-1,在0.5～5.0 mg·L-1范围内呈线性.方法适用于蔬菜、水果等植物性食品中农药残留的分析.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中83种农药残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定茶叶中83种农药残留的测定方法。茶叶样品经超纯水浸泡,用正己烷提取,过石墨化炭固相萃取小柱净化,待测农药在气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)上测定,用保留时间和特征离子对定性,外标法定量。在最佳的仪器条件下,待测农药在5～500μg/L线性关系良好,定量离子对的相关系数大于0.999,待测农药的检出限LOD(S/N=3)为2～20μg/kg,定量限LOQ(S/N>10)为5～50μg/kg。在空白茶叶样品中添加83种农药,添加水平分别为50、100、500μg/kg时,回收率范围在70.0%～110.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为3.2%～11.6%。对实际样品检测结果表明,大部分茶叶均有农药残留检出,主要为戊唑醇、溴虫腈、联苯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、苯醚甲环唑、溴氰菊酯、唑虫酰胺,检出浓度集中在10～1 000μg/kg。该方法不但可以有效降低基线,减少杂峰的干扰,而且简单、灵敏、稳定,方法灵敏度满足国内外农药残留监测限量标准要求。     

Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides Residue in Ginseng Root by Orthogonal Array Design Soxhlet Extraction and Gas Chromatography

Organochlorine pesticides are known to enter plant products from contamination via spillage and volatilization of the residues from pesticide-treated soils or storage. A method involving four-factor-three-level orthogonal array design including extracting solvent component, particle size, solvent overflow recycle and time needed for the optimization of extracting nine organochlorine pesticides from ginseng root was developed using Soxhlet extraction followed by capillary gas chromatography–electron capture detection and mass spectrometric confirmation. The extraction conditions were optimized from the experimental data. Relationship between the bioaccumulation of benzenehexachloride isomers and their polarity is discussed based on experimental results.     

浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法测定草莓汁中的多种农药残留

建立了浊点萃取(CPE)对草莓汁中的7种农药(克百威、异丙威、甲霜灵、杀扑磷、敌草隆、烯酰吗啉和苯噻酰草胺)进行萃取富集,然后用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器进行检测分析的方法。所用的表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯(Tween-20),该表面活性剂在一定条件下能够对分析物进行提取与富集。实验确定了CPE方法的优化条件:Tween-20的浓度为3%(V/V)、硫酸钠和正丁醇的浓度分别为12%(W/V)和5%(V/V)、平衡温度为50℃以及平衡时间为40min;色谱条件:流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)=70∶30,流速为0.6mL/min,检测波长为215nm。在上述实验条件下,在草莓汁样品的平均加标回收率为80.5%～92.8%,检出限是0.9～2.1μg/kg。     

液-液萃取富集-气相色谱法测定水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯

采用正己烷作萃取溶剂提取并富集水样中有机氯农药(OCP's)和多氯联苯(PCB's),所得提取液经浓缩至约0.5mL并定容至1.0mL后,用气相色谱法-电子捕获检测器测定水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯。采用Rtx-5MS和Rtx-1701双柱法根据与标准物质的保留时间相对比进行定性分析;采用Rtx-5MS柱对被测组分按外标法进行定量分析。结果表明:各种农药质量浓度均在0.5～40μg·L~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈线性关系。有机氯农药和多氯联苯的检出限(3s)在0.001 1～0.004 7μg·L~(-1)之间。用标准加入法测得其回收率在83.3%～112.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在4.4%～9.4%之间。     

Simultaneous Determination of Various Classes of Pesticides Using Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatographyin Combination with Solid-Phase Extraction

The potential of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) with UV-detection for the simultaneous determination of various selected pesticides in water samples was investigated. The developed method using solid-phase extraction showed high efficiency and good resolution with detection limits in the 0.2 to 0.5 ppm range. Comparison of several SPE cartridges demonstrates their suitability for the extraction of pesticides with different hydrophobicity achieving 5000-fold enrichment. The described method involving SPE procedure and MEKC separation enables the successful determination of a wide spectrum of pesticides in water in the range of maximum residue limits (MRLs).     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中12种农药

提出了固相萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中12种农药残留量的方法。取水样250mL过固相萃取柱,用乙酸乙酯、正己烷各5mL洗脱,经无水硫酸钠脱水,采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测。溴氢菊酯的线性范围为0.05~0.5mg·L-1,其他农药的线性范围均在0.01~0.1mg·L-1。溴氰菊酯的检出限为24.2ng·L-1,其他农药的检出限均低于10ng·L-1。12种农药的加标回收率在70.0%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%。     

Gas and liquid chromatography and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay in pesticide monitoring of surface water from the western mediterranean (Comunidad Valenciana,Spain)

Summary A monitoring programme based on gas chromatography (NPD, ECD) using MSD for confirmatory purposes and coupled-column liquid chromatography was applied to the analysis of pesticide residues in surface water from a predominantly agricultural area of Spain (Comunidad Valenciana). Samples analysed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay gave similar results to those obtained by GC (MSD) for the determination of total triazines. The test employed had the advantages of a simple test procedure, short analysis time and high confirmatory value. Nevertheless, the multiresidue character, accuracy and unequivocal identification of individual pesticide residues of GC (MSD) make this technique the most appropriate for environmental monitoring programmes. In this monitoring programme about 200 samples were analysed between 1993–1994. 27 different pesticides were detected in 91 of these samples. The pesticides more frequently detected were dimethoate, methidathion, endosulfan A and B, endosulfan sulphate and pirimicarb. The highest concentrations found were 39.9 g L^–1 of dimethoate, 10.6 of pirimicarb and 10.6 of methidathion.     

Solid-Phase Extraction of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Plasma – Comparison with an Open Column Extraction Method

A solid phase extraction (SPE) method in combination with silica gel cleanup to analyse tri-to heptabrominated diphenyl ethers in human plasma was validated. All congeners showed recoveries over 70% except for BDE #183, which showed recoveries around 45%. The method was tested on 21 individual plasma samples which were extracted with both the SPE method and an open column extraction method using Hydromatrix. Method detection limits were of the same order of magnitude for both methods, ranging from 0.0076 to 0.13 ng g^–1 (l.w.) depending on the congener. The SPE extraction method meets the demand for a faster, less solvent-and sample-demanding method with lower contamination risk due to fewer steps compared to the open column extraction.Acknowledgements The Knowledge Foundation in Sweden is acknowledged for supporting this project financially. Brock Chittim, Wellington Laboratories, Guelph, Canada is acknowledged for providing BDE standards. Dr. Cathrine Thomsen at the National Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway is acknowledged for helpful discussions and instruction of solid phase extraction. Anne-Marie Porat at Haluxa, Sweden is acknowledged for the blood sampling of the electronic dismantling workers. Personnel at WÅAB are acknowledged for their support in the different sampling events.     

新型溶胶-凝胶气相色谱柱:聚甲基苯基硅氧烷柱、Carbowax柱及PEG-Silane柱

采用聚甲基苯基硅氧烷、Carbowax 20M、PEG-silane为固定相制取了溶胶-凝胶气相色谱毛细管柱在这些色谱柱上脂肪酸、酚类、胺和苯胺类、醇、醛等各类化合物都得到很好的分离一采用这些固定相的溶胶一凝胶柱对化合物的分离也表现出很好的重现性。溶胶-凝胶法制柱对各类固定相是普遍适用的方法．     

Determination of N-Methylcarbamate Pesticides in Vegetables by Solid-phase Extraction and Pressurized Capillary Electrochromatography

Introduction Capillary electrochromatography(CEC) is a hybrid technique that couples the good selectivity of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and the high separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis(CE).Both charged and uncharged compou…     

Rapid multiresidue screening method for organophosphate pesticides in vegetables

Summary A rapid and efficient multiresidue extraction procedure using ethyl acetate and sodium sulfate has been applied to the analysis of diazinon, methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, malathion, parathion, parathion-methyl, dimethoate and monocrotophos residues in many different kinds of vegetables. No cleanup step was required Concentrated extracts were analysed by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection in phosphorus mode. Recovery studies were performed in six kinds of matrices at two fortification levels. Recoveries were in the range 80–115%. The limit of quantification of the analytical method has been estimated as 0.01 ppm for diazinon, methamidophos and malathion, 0.03 ppm for chlorpyrifos, parathion, parathion-methyl and dimethoate and 0.1 ppm for monocrotophos. Experiments showed that potentially it should be possible to develop a rapid and universally applicable method for organophosphate pesticide residues in different matrices.